青海省河湟谷地地质灾害易发性评价

赵东亮; 兰措卓玛; 侯光良; 许长军; 李万志

doi:10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2021.27.01.009

青海省河湟谷地地质灾害易发性评价

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2021.27.01.009

赵东亮^{1, 2,},
兰措卓玛^{1, 2, ,},
侯光良^{1, 2},
许长军^{3, 4},
李万志⁵

1.
青海师范大学地理科学学院, 青海西宁 810008
2.
高原科学与可持续发展研究院, 青海西宁 810008
3.
青海省地理空间信息技术与应用重点实验室, 青海西宁 810008
4.
青海省地理信息中心, 青海西宁 810008
5.
青海省气候中心, 青海西宁 810008

基金项目:

青海省地理空间信息技术与应用重点实验室基金 2019-002

详细信息

作者简介:
赵东亮(1995-), 男, 在读硕士, 主要从事灾害风险评价研究。E-mail: zdl19950604@163.com

通讯作者:
兰措卓玛(1980-), 女, 博士, 主要从事环境变化与人类活动、灾害风险评价研究。E-mail: lczm1980@163.com

中图分类号: X43;P694
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-02-22
- 修回日期: 2020-04-03
- 刊出日期: 2021-02-28

Assessment of geological disaster susceptibility in the Hehuang Valley of Qinghai Province

ZHAO Dongliang^{1, 2
,},
LANCUO Zhuoma^{1, 2
, ,},
HOU Guangliang^{1, 2},
XU Changjun^{3, 4},
LI Wanzhi⁵

1.
School of Geographical Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
2.
Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
3.
Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
4.
Geographic Information Center of Qinghai Province, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
5.
Qinghai Climate Center, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China

摘要

摘要: 地处青藏高原东北缘的黄河与湟水谷地，由于剧烈的地质活动、较大高差与强烈水力作用等，使得地质灾害非常频繁，为明确该区域的地灾易发性区划，选取地貌、坡度、坡高、植被、岩性、降雨量和距断层、距河流、距道路等因子构建评价指标体系，采用信息量模型计算崩塌、滑坡、泥石流及其综合地质灾害易发性指数，将研究区地质灾害易发性划分为极高、高、中、低、极低五级易发区。结果表明：极高易发区主要位于河谷地区，占2.03%，包括贵德县、湟中县、乐都县的黄河及湟水等河流中下游地区；高易发区主要位于中小起伏山间盆地地区，占21.2%；中易发区主要位于中起伏山地地区，占23.45%，属于高、低易发区的过渡区域；低易发区主要位于大中起伏山地地区，占42.1%；极低易发区主要位于冷龙岭、拉脊山、西倾山等山地，占11.23%。研究结果对河湟谷地的防灾减灾及社会可持续发展意义重大。
- 地质灾害 /
- 易发性 /
- 河湟谷地 /
- 信息量模型 /
- 评价
Abstract: The Yellow River and Huangshui Valley, located at the northeast margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, are prone to geological disasters due to violent geological activities, large elevation difference and strong hydraulic power. In order to clarify the zoning of susceptibility of geological disasters in this area, an assessment index system is built by selecting factors such as geomorphology, slope, slope height, vegetation, lithology, rainfall, distance from faults, rivers and roads, using the information model to calculate the susceptibility index of collapse, landslide, debris flow and comprehensive geological disasters. The susceptibility of geological disasters in the study area can be divided into five grades: extremely high, high, medium, low and extremely low. The result shows that the extremely high susceptible areas are mainly in the valley areas, accounting for 2.03%, including the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and the Huangshui River in Guide county, Huangzhong county and Ledu county. The high susceptible areas are mainly in the areas on small and moderately undulating mountain basins, accounting for 21.2%. The medium susceptible area are mainly in the moderately undulating mountain areas, accounting for 23.45%, which belong to the transition areas of high and low susceptible areas. The low susceptible areas are mainly in moderately and sharply undulating mountain areas, accounting for 42.1%. The extremely low susceptible areas are mainly on the mountains such as the Lenglong mountain, Laji mountain and Xiqing mountain, accounting for 11.23%. The research result is of great significance to the disaster prevention and reduction in the Hehuang Valley and to the sustainable development of society.
- geological disasters /
- susceptibility /
- Hehuang Valley /
- information model /
- assessment
注释:

责任编辑：范二平

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图 1 研究区灾害分布图

1—乐都县；2—民和县；3—平安县；4—化隆县；5—循化县；6—同仁县；7—尖扎县；8—贵德县；9—湟中县；10—湟源县；11—海晏县；12—大通县；13—门源县；14—互助县

Figure 1. Disaster distribution map of the study area

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图 2 河湟谷地地质灾害易发性评价因子图

Figure 2. Maps showing the factors in geological disaster susceptibility assessment in the Hehuang Valley

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图 3 河湟谷地不同类型灾害易发性评价结果

1—乐都县；2—民和县；3—平安县；4—化隆县；5—循化县；6—同仁县；7—尖扎县；8—贵德县；9—湟中县；10—湟源县；11—海晏县；12—大通县；13—门源县；14—互助县
a—崩塌易发性区划；b—滑坡易发性区划；c—泥石流易发性区划；d—地质灾害易发性综合区划

Figure 3. Assessment results of susceptibility to different types of disasters in the Hehuang Valley

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表 1 河湟谷地地质灾害类型统计

Table 1. Statistics of geological disaster types in the Hehuang Valley

类别	灾害点/处	百分比/%	隐患点/处	百分比/%
崩塌	153	12.2	4	4.1
滑坡	569	45.3	61	62.2
泥石流	535	42.6	33	33.7
合计	1257	100.0	98	100.0

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表 2 2017年河湟谷地各县(市、区)地质灾害点、隐患点及威胁人数统计

Table 2. Statistics on the number of geological disaster sites, hidden dangers and people at risk in the Hehuang Valley(2017)

县(市)	崩塌隐患点/处	滑坡隐患点/处	泥石流隐患点/处	崩塌灾害点/处	滑坡灾害点/处	泥石流灾害点/处	崩塌威胁人数/人	滑坡威胁人数/人	泥石流威胁人数/人
西宁市	1	1	2	0	0	0	0	915	13322
大通县	0	14	6	14	31	50	0	3797	1079
湟中县	0	2	0	8	42	2	0	340	0
湟源县	1	0	5	15	2	7	103	0	1177
平安区	0	0	1	1	35	23	0	0	150
民和县	0	7	4	18	70	14	0	1504	3364
乐都县	0	8	7	31	142	176	0	1152	1260
互助县	0	0	0	24	53	21	0	0	0
化隆县	0	12	0	18	80	20	0	2491	0
循化县	0	4	9	0	44	5	0	1017	4550
门源县	0	0	0	11	4	71	0	0	0
海晏县	0	0	0	1	0	12	0	0	0
同仁县	1	5	2	1	27	11	100	3570	1173
尖扎县	0	8	0	8	15	25	0	2023	0
贵德县	1	0	1	3	24	98	2000	0	130
合计	4	61	37	153	569	535	2203	16809	26205

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表 3 崩塌、滑坡、泥石流各影响因子权重及加权信息量

Table 3. Weight and weighted information of each influencing factor in collapse, landslide and debris flow

一级影响因子	二级影响因子	崩塌		滑坡		泥石流
一级影响因子	二级影响因子	权重	加权信息量	权重	加权信息量	权重	加权信息量
地貌	湖泊	0.072	0	0.105	0	0.169	0
	丘陵		0.0767		0		0
	台地		0.0550		-0.0149		0.2565
	平原		0.0046		-0.0003		0.0988
	山地		-0.0029		0.0015		-0.0552
高程/m	1658~2000	0.119	-0.1134	0.110	-0.0071	0.112	0.1716
	2000~2400		0.1207		0.1008		0.1568
	2400~2800		0.1170		0.1302		0.0671
	2800~3200		-0.0013		-0.0705		-0.0364
	3200~4200		-0.5145		-0.4425		-0.3032
	4200~5197		0		0		0
坡度/(°)	< 15	0.146	0.0401	0.143	0.0233	0.204	0.0857
	15~30		-0.0625		-0.0191		-0.1992
	30~45		-0.1753		-0.2481		-0.4152
	45~60		0		0		0
	> 60		0		0		0
坡高/m	< 100	0.097	0.0168	0.206	0.0419	0.148	0.0341
	100~200		-0.0843		-0.2268		-0.2242
	200~300		0.0094		0		-0.1845
	300~484		0		0		0
植被	针叶林	0.089	-0.0269	0.092	-0.0517	0.074	0.0319
	高山植被		0		0		0
	栽培植被		0.0140		-0.0237		0.1032
	阔叶林		0.0232		0.0291		-0.0369
	灌丛		-0.0506		-0.0629		-0.0490
	荒漠		0		0		0.0283
	草原		0.0788		0.0859		0.0415
	草甸		-0.1690		-0.1681		-0.0887
岩性	A	0.171	0	0.166	0	0.065	0
	B		0.3238		0		0.0358
	C		-0.2090		-0.5209		-0.0293
	D		0		-0.2068		0.0011
	E		-0.0091		-0.3902		-0.0430
	F		-0.2941		-0.4215		-0.0380
	G		-0.0176		-0.1529		-0.0678
	H		0		0		0
	I		0.0324		0.0911		0.0242
距构造断层距离/m	< 1000	0.019	-0.0148	0.016	-0.0082	0.011	-0.0063
	1000~2000		-0.0203		-0.0134		-0.0072
	2000~3000		-0.0073		-0.0141		-0.0023
	3000~4000		-0.0014		0.0015		-0.0007
	4000~5000		-0.0038		-0.0011		0.0024
	> 5000		0.0056		0.0043		0.0019
多年平均降雨量/mm	281~330	0.133	-0.0293	0.113	-0.1560	0.082	0.0085
	330~380		0.0312		-0.0324		0.0142
	380~430		0.0428		0.0939		0.0082
	430~480		-0.3913		0.0114		-0.0391
	480~520		-0.1471		-0.4196		-0.2894
	520~562		0		0		0
距河流距离/m	< 400	0.024	0.0148	0.014	-0.0091	0.023	0.0251
	400~800		0.0302		-0.0047		0.0326
	800~1200		0.0022		-0.0034		0.0323
	1200~1600		0.0157		-0.0045		0.0317
	1600~2000		0.0025		0.0095		0.0251
	2000~2500		-0.0026		0.0012		0.0047
	> 2500		-0.0029		0.0001		-0.0097
距主线道路距离/m	< 500	0.066	0.1161	0.001	0.0001	0.032	0.0448
	500~1000		0.0564		0.0002		0.0384
	1000~1500		0.0486		0		0.0166
	1500~2000		-0.0295		-0.0001		0.0175
	> 2000		-0.0211		0		-0.0095
距支线道路距离/m	< 500	0.063	0.0688	0.033	0.0272	0.081	0.1025
	500~1000		0.0055		0.0239		0.0302
	> 1000		-0.0272		-0.0150		-0.0556
注：岩性中A—变质砂岩、砾岩岩组；B—松散堆积物岩组；C—中厚层砂岩、板岩、夹砂岩岩组；D—厚层砾岩、砂砾岩岩组；E—千枚岩、板岩、薄层灰岩岩组；F—火山碎屑岩岩组；G—大理岩、石英岩、片麻岩岩组；H—变质安山岩、凝灰岩岩组；I—粉砂岩、泥岩、薄层砂砾岩岩组

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表 4 崩塌、滑坡、泥石流易发性区划统计

Table 4. Zoning statistics of susceptibility to collapse, landslide and debris flow

灾种	极低易发区面积/km²(占比/%)	低易发区面积/km²(占比/%)	中易发区面积/km²(占比/%)	高易发区面积/km²(占比/%)	极高易发区面积/km²(占比/%)
崩塌	3506.95(8.99)	15927.88(40.85)	8839.18(22.67)	10121.09(25.96)	598.77(1.54)
滑坡	4339.59(11.13)	13684.30(35.09)	8790.36(22.54)	7089.72(18.18)	5089.87(13.05)
泥石流	6799.61(17.44)	13963.32(35.81)	13140.59(33.70)	4442.46(11.39)	647.87(1.66)

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表 5 河湟谷地地质灾害综合易发性区划统计

Table 5. Comprehensive susceptibility zoning statistics of geological disasters in the Hehuang Valley

易发性区划	灾害点/ 处	灾点占比/%	面积/km²	面积占比/%	灾点密度/处/km²
极低易发区	0	0.00	4378.83	11.23	0.000
低易发区	76	4.91	16413.8	42.10	0.005
中易发区	467	30.17	9144.4	23.45	0.051
高易发区	888	57.36	8264.61	21.20	0.107
极高易发区	117	7.56	790.58	2.03	0.148

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