Centrifuge model tests on the near-horizontal slide of hard soil-soft rock landslides
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摘要: 中国西北地区存在大量的新近纪硬土软岩滑坡灾害，为研究该类滑坡的变形特征，开展两组离心机模型试验模拟滑带劣化引起滑坡变形破坏的全过程，获取模型坡体土压及位移的实时变化曲线。研究表明，当软弱带强度降低时，硬土软岩滑坡的上部滑体呈块体状滑动，在快速运动滑动过程中，滑体呈现块状平移，不会彻底解体、液化；硬土软岩滑坡中前部出现水平应力集中，导致下伏滑带塑性流动变形，诱发其中前部上覆滑体的水平运动，并向滑坡后缘扩展，最终形成多级水平滑动。Abstract: In order to study the deformation characteristics of the Neogene hard soil-soft rock landslides in northwest China, two sets of centrifuge model tests were conducted to simulate the deformation process under the degraded state of shear zones, and the soil pressure and displacement-time curve during the deformation process of the landslides were obtained. The test results reveal that when the strength of the soft zone decreases, the main body of the hard soil-soft rock landslide is block-like. In the process of fast slide, the slip mass presents an overall translational slide, without complete liquefaction and disintegration. The attenuation of the dynamic friction strength of the slide zone is the main controlling factor in the distance and time of the movement. Moreover, the slide zones of hard soil-soft rock landslides with high stress underwent plastic flow deformations, which caused the horizontal stress concentration in the front part of the landslide, resulting in the horizontal movement of the overlying slip mass in the front part of the landslide and the extension to the back edge of the landslide, and multi-level horizontal slides occurred at the end.
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Key words:
- hard soil-soft rock /
- landslide /
- slide /
- centrifuge /
- model test
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图 6 T1试验位移随时间及加速度变化曲线图
a—T1试验竖向位移变化图；b—T1试验水平位移变化图
Figure 6. Displacements of Test 1 with time and acceleration
图 7 T2试验位移随时间及加速度变化曲线图
a—T2试验竖向位移变化图；b—T2试验水平位移变化图
Figure 7. Displacement of Test 2 with time and acceleration
图 8 T1、T2试验土压随时间及加速度变化曲线
a—T1试验土压变化图；b—T2试验土压变化图
Figure 8. Curves of soil pressure with time and acceleration in Tests 1 and 2
表 1 模型土体的配比及力学参数
Table 1. Proportion and mechanical parameters of the slope model
类别 粒径/mm 含水率/% 最大干密度/(g/cm3) 粘聚力/kPa 内摩擦角/(°) 滑体 0.5标准筛 20.1 1.65 25 16 滑床 0.5标准筛 20.1 1.75 28 18 
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表 2 模型滑带土参数
Table 2. Mechanical properties of the landslide-influenced zones
材料名称 粘聚力/kPa 内摩擦角/(°) 试验值 现场值 试验值 现场值 T1滑带 17.0 20.2 13.7 15.0 T2滑带 4.8 9.8 7.2 8.5
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表 3 模型试验方案
Table 3. Programs of the centrifugal tests
试验编号 试验条件 T1试验 基于地质模型，开展滑带土饱和条件下硬土软岩斜坡的变形、稳定离心试验 T2试验 基于试验T1，开展滑带土残余强度条件下的硬土软岩斜坡离心试验，研究硬土软岩滑坡的变形、运动形式
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表 4 T2试验变形过程及水平累积位移
Table 4. Deformation process and horizontal cumulative displacements of Test 2
离心时间/s 离心加速度/g 现象描述 后缘水平位移/mm 前缘水平位移/mm 0~1200 0~30 滑带塑性流动，滑体表面出现细小裂缝 0~0.63 0~1.15 1200~2400 30 滑带塑性流动导致拉裂缝扩大，滑体逐步解体为块体 0.63~12.81 1.15~51.15 2400~2900 30~40 模型中部裂缝贯通，前缘产生平推式滑动 13.74~16.85 57.51~77.58 2900~4500 40~60 模型后缘产生水平滑动 45.07~45.08 超量程 4500~结束 60~100 模型解体为系列块体 45.08~ 超量程
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