In-situ stress measurement in the shallow basement of the Shanghai area and its structural geological significance
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摘要: 通过水压致裂法与超声波成像测井法相结合的方法，对上海地区浅部（180 m深度范围）原位地应力进行了测量。测量结果表明：最大水平主应力值在9.54~12.91 MPa之间，最小水平主应力值在5.41~6.96 MPa之间，最大水平主应力方向为北西42°-62°，优势方位为北西，地应力结构为SH > Sh > Sv，可以反映区域构造应力场特征。依据区域内断裂空间分布特征和现今实测地应力结果综合分析认为，北东向断裂易于发生压性或压扭性逆断活动，断裂相对稳定；而北西向断裂易于发生张性或张扭性正断活动，在现今相对较高的应力水平状态下仍值得关注。测量结果可能对于揭示区域构造界线（江山-绍兴断裂）的走向有一定启示。Abstract: By the hydraulic fracturing method and the ultrasonic imaging logging method, in-situ stress measurement was carried out in the shallow basement (180 m depth range) of the Shanghai area. The measurement results show that the maximum horizontal principal stress is between 9.54~12.91 MPa, and the minimum principal stress is between 5.41~6.96 MPa. The maximum horizontal principal stress direction is NW42°-62°, the dominant orientation is NW, and the stress structure is SH > Sh > Sv, which reflects the characteristics of the regional structural stress field. Based on the spatial distribution of the internal fractures in the area and the in-situ stress measurement results, the NE faults are prone to compressive or compression-torsional reverse faulting and the faults are relatively stable, while the NW faults are prone to tensile or tension-torsional positive faulting, which is still worthy of attention under the current relatively high stress level. At the same time, the in-situ stress measurement results may have guiding significance for the study of the structural boundary trend (the Jiangshan-Shaoxing fault) in this area.
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图 1 上海地区基岩区域构造地质图及测量钻孔位置示意图
Figure 1. Tectonic geological background of the bedrock in Shanghai and the location of the borehole
图 3 水压致裂测量系统及标准曲线形态（Haimson and Cornet, 2003；张重远等，2012）
Figure 3. Hydraulic fracturing measurement system and the form of the standard curve (after Haimson and Cornet, 2003; Zhang, et al., 2012)
图 4 SDJ-1钻孔测试参数记录曲线
Figure 4. Curves of the test parameter records in the borehole SDJ-1
图 5 SDJ-1钻孔主应力随深度变化曲线
Figure 5. Variation curves of principal stress with depth in the borehole SDJ-1
图 6 SDJ-1钻孔原生结构面玫瑰图
Figure 6. Rose diagram of the original structural surface in the borehole SDJ-1
图 7 SDJ-1钻孔诱发裂隙成像对比图
Figure 7. Comparison chart of induced fracture imaging in the borehole SDJ-1
图 8 华南现代构造应力场图（中国地震局, 2018）
Figure 8. Compressive stress map in Southeast China (China Earthquake Administration, 2018)
表 1 SDJ-1钻孔结构面倾角类型统计
Table 1. Types of structure surface dip angles in the borehole SDJ-1
深度范围/m 倾角类型 结构面数/个 总结构面数/个 比例/% 138.22~176.81 缓倾角(0°—20°) 0 44 0 较缓倾角(20°—45°) 6 13.64 陡倾角(45°—70°) 19 43.18 极陡倾角(70°—90°) 19 43.18 
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表 2 SDJ-1钻孔地应力测量结果
Table 2. In-situ stress measurement results of the borehole SDJ-1
序号 压裂中心深度/m 岩性 压裂参数值/MPa 主应力值/MPa SH/Sh SH方向 PH P0 Pb Pr Ps T SH Sh SV 1 143.6 安山岩 1.44 1.38 10.81 5.31 5.41 5.50 9.54 5.41 2.85 1.76 NW42° 2 145.5 安山岩 1.46 1.40 11.24 5.47 5.88 5.77 10.77 5.88 2.90 1.83 NE80° 3 155.5 安山岩 1.56 1.50 12.04 5.13 5.75 6.91 10.62 5.75 3.17 1.85 NW56° 4 157.5 安山岩 1.58 1.52 13.55 5.21 5.61 8.34 10.10 5.61 3.22 1.80 NW62° 5 164.5 安山岩 1.65 1.59 13.33 5.74 6.38 7.59 11.81 6.38 3.40 1.85 6 170.0 安山岩 1.70 1.65 13.13 6.32 6.96 6.81 12.91 6.96 3.55 1.85 NW46° 7 176.3 安山岩 1.76 1.71 12.34 5.59 6.53 6.75 12.29 6.53 3.72 1.88 注：Pb—破裂压力；Pr—重张压力；Ps—闭合压力；PH—静水柱压力，钻孔静水位5.5 m；P0—孔隙压力；T—岩石抗拉强度；Sh—最小水平主应力；SH—最大水平主应力；SV—根据上覆岩石埋深计算的垂向主应力；不固结粘砂土密度按1.84 g/cm3计算；安山岩密度为2.65 g/cm3计算；基岩深度自118.3 m开始计算
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