Progress and issues in the research of impact and scraping effect of high-elevation and long-runout landslide
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摘要: 冲击铲刮效应一直是中国西南山区高位岩质滑坡动力学研究的热点问题。文章在开展大量的野外调查基础上，结合目前国内外的研究现状，对目前的基础理论和研究方法进行了归纳总结；从国内外高位远程铲刮型滑坡的典型案例入手，总结了高位远程滑坡的冲击铲刮模式主要有嵌入铲起模式、裹挟刮带模式、冲击滑移模式和冲击飞溅模式；提出了在高位滑坡冲击铲刮研究中的难点和重点问题；并在理论解析、数值计算、人工智能和风险预测方面对今后的冲击铲刮研究思路进行了展望。目的是为冲击铲刮效应响应下的高位滑坡成灾模式和动力学特征分析提供重要的研究基础，为高位远程滑坡动力研究、科学防灾减灾和科学救援工作提供技术支撑。Abstract: The impact and scraping effect has always been a hot issue in the dynamics study of high-elevation rock landslide in the southwestern mountainous area of China. On the basis of a large number of field investigations and the current research status at home and abroad, the current basic theory and research methods are summarized. Starting with the typical cases at home and abroad, it is concluded that the impact and scraping modes of high-elevation and long-runout landslides mainly include the embedded shovel-up mode, entrainment mode, impact-slipping mode and impact-splash mode. The difficulties and key issues in the research are put forward. In the aspects of theoretical analysis, numerical calculation, artificial intelligence and risk prediction, future research ideas are prospected. It is aimed to provide an important research basis for the analysis of the disaster pattern and dynamic characteristics of high-elevation landslide under the impact and scraping effect, and to provide technical support for the dynamic research of high-elevation and long-runout landslide, scientific disaster prevention and reduction and scientific rescue work.
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图 1 三层式铲刮分析模型(Iverson，2012)
Figure 1. Analysis model of the three-layer scraping (Iverson, 2012)
图 2 理想弹塑性体接触压应力分布(何思明等，2008)
a为接触区半径；ap为塑性区半径
Figure 2. Distribution of the contact compressive stress of the ideal elastoplastic body (a is the radius of the contact zone; ap is the radius of the plastic zone) (He et al. , 2008)
图 3 西藏易贡高位远程滑坡(镜向45°，2000年)
Figure 3. High-elevation and long-runout landslide in Yigong, Tibet (view towards 45°, 2000)
图 4 西藏易贡高位远程滑坡剖面
Figure 4. Profile of the high-elevation and long-runout landslide in Yigong, Tibet
图 5 四川都江堰三溪村高位远程滑坡(2013年)
Figure 5. High-elevation and long-runout landslide in Sanxi Village, Dujiangyan, Sichuan (2013)
图 6 三溪村高位远程滑坡剖面
Figure 6. Profile of high-elevation and long-runout landslide in Sanxi Village, Dujiangyan, Sichuan
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