Study on instability mechanism of shallow landslide caused by typhoon and heavy rain
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摘要: 针对台风暴雨耦合作用下浅层滑坡的失稳机理进行研究。在总结福建台风暴雨型滑坡灾害特征的基础上，提出风荷载对斜坡变形失稳的影响机理是通过植被造成坡体开裂，从而影响坡体的入渗规律。应用GeoStudio软件计算台风暴雨入渗条件下裂隙坡体中暂态非饱和渗流场的变化，以及对斜坡稳定性的影响。计算结果表明：裂隙坡体由于在裂隙处形成集中入渗点，雨水的入渗速度大于无裂隙的坡体，坡体达到饱和状态所需要的时间大为缩短。裂隙深度、间距对滑坡稳定系数的影响较大，裂隙深度越大、间距越小，在相同的降雨条件下滑坡的稳定系数越小，滑坡失稳需要的降雨时长越短。裂隙宽度对滑坡稳定性的影响相对较小。Abstract: The instability mechanism of shallow landslide under the coupling of typhoon and heavy rain is studied. On the basis of summarizing the disaster characteristics of landslides caused by typhoon and heavy rain in Fujian, it is proposed that the influence mechanism of wind load on slope deformation and instability is that the slope body is cracked by vegetation, which affects the slope infiltration law. GeoStudio software was used to calculate the changes of transient unsaturated seepage field in the cracked slope body under the condition of typhoon storm infiltration, and to study the effect on the slope stability. The calculation results show that, due to the formation of concentrated infiltration points at the cracks, the infiltration rate of rainwater is greater than that of the unslitted slopes, and the time required for the slopes to reach saturation is greatly shortened. The depth and spacing of cracks have a greater impact on the stability coefficient of landslides. The greater the depth of cracks and the smaller the spacing, the smaller the stability coefficient of the landslide under the same rainfall conditions, and the shorter the rainfall duration required for landslide instability. The effect of crack width on landslide stability is relatively small.
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Key words:
- typhoon /
- heavy rain /
- cracked slope /
- rainfall infiltration /
- stability coefficient
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图 1 “西马伦”台风诱发地质灾害分布示意图
Figure 1. Distribution map of geological hazards induced by Typhoon Simalun
图 2 “莫拉克”台风诱发地质灾害分布示意图
Figure 2. Distribution map of geological hazards induced by Typhoon Morakot
图 4 风荷载-植被-坡体相互作用模型示意图
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of the wind load-vegetation-slope interaction model
图 8 裂隙坡体(裂隙间距5 m)渗流规律及孔隙水压力分布图(单位/kPa)
箭头—渗流的方向和大小；数字—孔隙水压力；蓝线—饱和区域与非饱和区域分界线
Figure 8. Seepage law and pore water pressure distribution diagram of the cracked slope (crack spacing is 5 m) (unit/kPa
图 9 无裂隙坡体渗流规律及孔隙水压力分布图(单位/kPa)
箭头—渗流的方向和大小；数字—孔隙水压力；蓝线—饱和区域与非饱和区域分界线
Figure 9. Seepage law and pore water pressure distribution diagram of the crackless slope (unit/kPa)
图 10 坡体饱和时间与裂隙深度关系曲线
Figure 10. Relationship between slope saturation time and crack depth)
图 11 坡体饱和时间与裂隙间距关系曲线
Figure 11. Relationship between slope saturation time and crack spacing
图 12 不同裂隙深度坡体随降雨时间的稳定系数变化曲线
Figure 12. Variation curves of stability coefficient of slope bodies with different crack depths with rainfall time
图 13 不同裂隙宽度的滑坡随降雨时间的稳定系数曲线
Figure 13. Stability coefficient curves of landslides with different crack widths with rainfall time
图 14 不同裂隙间距的滑坡随降雨时间的稳定系数曲线
Figure 14. Stability coefficient curves of landslide with different crack spacings with rainfall time
表 1 台风登陆与灾害体失稳时间对比表
Table 1. Comparison table of typhoon landing and disaster instability time
台风编号 登陆时间 结束时间 地灾主要
失稳时间所占
比例/%“苏力”台风 7月13日16时 7月14日5时 7月14日0—5时 87.5 “西马伦”台风 7月18日21时 7月19日2时 7月19日0—2时 95.2 
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表 2 岩土体计算参数表
Table 2. Calculation parameter table of the rock and mass
岩土体类型 容重/(kN·m-3) 内聚力/kPa 内摩擦角/(°) 土体 19 13 18 岩体 23 200 36
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表 3 不同裂缝深度的斜坡失稳时降雨时间表
Table 3. Rainfall schedule when slopes with different crack depths are unstable
裂缝深度/m 0 0.3 0.5 1 1.3 失稳时降雨时间/h 24 22 21 19 17
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