Methods of ASTER remote sensing data used in extracting mineralization and alteration information in the Hutouya mining area of the Qimantag metallogenic belt, Qinghai Province
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摘要: 以ASTER遥感影像为数据源，对青海祁漫塔格成矿带虎头崖矿区，应用成像光谱法和主成分分析法对矿区矿化蚀变异常信息进行提取分析。成像光谱方法利用最小噪音分量（MNF）变换、像元纯度指数（PPI），n维可视化（n-Dimensional Visualization）端元识别，并进行混合谐调匹配滤波（MTMF），最终得到矿区的矿物信息分布图。而主成分分析法则选择ASTER1、2、3、4波段提取铁染异常信息，1、3、4、5波段提取矽卡岩化蚀变异常信息，1、3、4、（5+6）/2波段提取蒙脱石、伊利石与绢云母等矿物的蚀变异常信息，1、3、4、8波段提取方解石、黑云母、绿泥石等矿物的蚀变异常信息。利用野外实地踏勘确定的矿床、矿（化）点，在ArcGIS10.1软件中对遥感提取蚀变异常信息进行验证显示，二者吻合效果良好，表明提取结果与数据处理方法较可靠，对于扩大找矿规模和发现矿化富集地段具有重要的指导意义。Abstract: Using ASTER remote sensing images as the data source, the extraction of mineralization and alteration anomaly in the Hutouya mining area of the Qimantag metallogenic belt in Qinghai Province is studied through two methods. One method is using the minimum noise component (MNF) transform, pixel purity index (PPI), n-Dimensional Visualization to do the end element recognition and mixture tuned matched filtering (MTMF), in order to obtain the mineral distribution map of the mining area. The other is principal component analysis, through which ferric contamination anomaly is extracted in ASTER1, 2, 3, 4 band, skarnization alteration anomaly in 1, 3, 4, 5 band, montmorillonite, illite and sericite in 3, 4, (5+6)/2 band and calcite, biomica, chlorite and other minerals in 1, 3, 4, 8 band. The results of remote sensing extraction of alteration anomaly verified by ArcGIS10.1 software are in good consistency with the mineral deposits and mineralization points determined by the field survey, indicating that the extraction results and the data processing method are reliable, which is of great guiding significance for the expansion of the prospecting scale and the discovery of mineralization enrichment areas.
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图 1 虎头崖矿区地质简图(刘渭等，2014)
1—第四系；2—蓟县系狼牙山组；3—奥陶志留系滩间山群；4—下石炭统大干沟组；5—上石炭统缔敖苏组；6—上三叠统鄂拉山组；7—花岗闪长岩；8—二长花岗岩；9—石英斑岩；10—似斑状二长花岗岩；11—闪长岩；12—闪长玢岩脉；13—推断断层；14—逆冲断层；15—褶皱；16—矿带；17—青海祁漫塔格成矿带及虎头崖矿区
Figure 1. Simplified geological map of the Hutouya mining area(Liu et al, 2014)
图 2 MNF变换后波段1灰度图像
Figure 2. Grayscale image of the band 1 after the MNF transformation
图 3 MNF变换后波段2灰度图像
Figure 3. Grayscale image of the band 2 after the MNF transformation
图 4 MNF变换后波段3灰度图像
Figure 4. Grayscale image of the band 3 after the MNF transformation
图 7 n-D Mean绘图窗口获取的平均波谱曲线
Figure 7. Average spectral curve obtained by the n-D Mean drawing window
图 8 虎头崖矿区的矿化信息提取图
粉红色—蒙脱石；红色—绿泥石；黄色—方解石
Figure 8. Extraction map of mineralization information in the Hutouya mining area
图 9 研究区ASTER数据主要蚀变矿物的光谱
Figure 9. Spectra of major altered minerals in ASTER data of the study area
图 10 虎头崖矿区ASTER遥感图像信息提取总异常图
深紫色—Al-OH离子团矿化蚀变信息；黄色—Mg-OH离子团矿化蚀变信息；红色—铁染矿化蚀变信息；蓝色—矽卡岩化蚀变矿物信息
Figure 10. Total anomalies of the ASTER remote sensing image extraction in the Hutouya mining area
图 12 虎头崖矿区ASTER遥感图像信息提取总异常与野外验证点叠加图
粉红色—成像光谱方法提出的异常信息；深紫色—Al-OH离子团矿化蚀变信息；黄色—Mg-OH离子团矿化蚀变信息；红色—铁染矿化蚀变信息；蓝色—矽卡岩化蚀变矿物信息；黄点—野外验证点坐标
Figure 12. Superposition diagram of total anomalies of ASTER remote sensing image extraction and field verification points in the Hutouya mining area
表 1 各波段平均值和特征值
Table 1. Average value and eigenvalue of each band
波段名称 平均值 特征值 Band 1 21.173028 28.297260 Band 2 7.034879 9.762023 Band 3 6.628618 4.759365 Band 4 6.013828 2.901527 Band 5 4.625094 2.367740 Band 6 3.821772 1.830600 
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表 2 虎头崖矿区ASTER1、3、4、(5+6)/2主分量变换统计值
Table 2. Statistical values of ASTER1, 3, 4, (5 + 6)/2 principal component transformation in the Hutouya mining area
ASTER1 ASTER3 ASTER4 ASTER(5+6)/2 PC1 0.78201 0.61025 0.12076 0.03833 PC2 -0.62199 0.75182 0.21406 0.04560 PC3 -0.03748 0.24894 -0.91790 -0.30674 PC4 -0.01380 0.01967 -0.31155 0.94993
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表 3 虎头崖矿区ASTER1、3、4、8主分量变换统计值
Table 3. Statistical values of ASTER1, 3, 4, 8 principal component transformation in the Hutouya mining area
ASTER1 ASTER3 ASTER4 ASTER8 PC1 0.78225 0.61043 0.12078 0.02951 PC2 -0.62173 0.75383 0.21140 0.02240 PC3 -0.03460 0.24181 -0.93799 -0.24599 PC4 -0.01824 0.02538 -0.24679 0.96856.
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表 4 虎头崖矿区ASTER1、2、3、4主分量变换统计值
Table 4. Statistical values of ASTER1, 2, 3, 4 principal component transformation in the Hutouya mining area
ASTER1 ASTER2 ASTER3 ASTER4 PC1 0.61068 0.62611 0.47567 0.09382 PC2 0.53342 0.12541 -0.80518 -0.22677 PC3 0.45937 -0.56826 0.02367 0.68227 PC4 0.36264 -0.51898 0.35338 -0.68868
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表 5 虎头崖矿区ASTER1、3、4、5主分量变换统计值
Table 5. Statistical values of ASTER1, 3, 4, 5 principal component transformation in the Hutouya mining area
ASTER1 ASTER3 ASTER4 ASTER5 PC1 0.78211 0.61033 0.12077 0.03498 PC2 -0.62190 0.75288 0.21263 0.03464 PC3 -0.03584 0.24549 -0.92974 -0.27209 PC4 -0.01620 0.02015 -0.27530 0.96101
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表 6 虎头崖矿区矿化点坐标(因涉密故总分用*号代替)
Table 6. Coordinates of the mineralization points of the Hutouya mining area (The * sign is used instead due to confidentiality reasons)
点号 X Y 矿化类型 HT126 E91°38′*″ N37°5′*″ 褐铁矿化、黄铁矿化 HT145 E91°38′*″ N37°4′*″ 铜矿化、磁铁矿化 HT137 E91°37′*″ N37°6′*″ 黄铜矿化 HT25 E91°36′*″ N37°5′*″ 铜铅锌矿化、锡矿化、钨锑矿化 HT27 E91°36′*″ N37°5′*″ 黄铁矿化、黄铜矿化、方铅矿化、铅锌矿化 HT48 E91°36′*″ N37°4′*″ 褐铁矿化、黄铁矿化、磁铁矿化 HT23 E91°37′*″ N37°5′*″ 黄铜矿化、孔雀石化 DY06 E91°36′*″ N37°5′*″ 黄铁矿化、褐铁矿化 DT108 E91°36′*″ N37°4′*″ 矽卡岩化、孔雀石化 HT163 E91°36′*″ N37°4′*″ 闪锌矿化、黄铜矿化 HT189 E91°34′*″ N37°4′*″ 石英斑岩、黄铜矿化、黄铁矿化 HT193 E91°34′*″ N37°4′*″ 黄铁矿化、黄铜矿化
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