Model of rock and ore controlling structures in the Baoshan Cu-Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit, southern Hunan province, China
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摘要: 湖南宝山铜铅锌多金属矿床位于南岭东西向构造带与耒阳—临武南北向构造带的复合部位,是该区大型—超大型矿床的典型代表之一。矿床(体)与燕山早期花岗闪长斑岩体在空间上关系密切,均明显受构造控制。在大比例尺构造剖面精细解析基础上,分析构造类型及其主要特征,总结构造控岩控矿规律。研究认为:矽卡岩型铜钼矿体主要受北东—北东东向褶皱控制;热液脉型铅锌银矿体主要受褶皱翼部层间断裂及北东向压扭性断裂控制。构造应力场最大主应力方向经历了成矿前近南北向→成矿期近东西向→成矿后北东—南西向的转变。北东—北东东向压扭性断裂为导矿构造,北西西向张扭性断裂为控岩构造。构造不仅控制了成矿岩体的展布,而且控制了成矿类型的变化。在此基础上,建立了构造控岩控矿模式,指示已知矿体北西侧深部是有利的找矿地段。该研究为深部找矿预测提供重要依据,对坪宝矿田的找矿部署和深部勘查具有参考意义。
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关键词:
- 构造控岩控矿模式 /
- 构造解析 /
- 找矿预测 /
- 宝山铜铅锌多金属矿床 /
- 湖南
Abstract: The Baoshan Cu-Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit, located in the overlapped part of the Nanling EW-trending tectonic belt and the Leiyang-Linwu SN-trending tectonic belt, is a typical large and super-large mineral deposit in this area. The deposit and ore-bodies are spatially closely related to the early Yanshanian granodiorite porphyry and obviously controlled by the structure. Based on precise measurement of the large-scale structural sections, this paper analyzes the structural types and their main characteristics, and summarizes the rules of structural control on rock and ore. The results show that the SK-type Cu-Mo ore-bodies are mainly controlled by NE-NEE-trending folds. The hydrothermal vein-type Pb-Zn-Ag ore-bodies are mainly controlled by the interlayer faults of fold flanks and the NE-trending compression-torsion faults. The direction of the max principal stress of the tectonic stress field experienced the transformation from near SN-trending before mineralization to near EW-trending during mineralization to NE-SW-trending after mineralization. The NE-NEE-trending compression-torsion faults are the main ore guiding structures, and the NWW-trending compression-tension faults are the main rock control structures. The structures not only control the distribution of ore-forming bodies, but also control the change of ore-forming types. On this basis the model of rock and ore controlling structures is established, indicating the deep NW-trending of the known ore-bodies is the favorable prospecting area. This study provides favorable evidence for ore-prospecting work at depth, and has reference significance for the suggesting of prospecting plan and deep exploration of the Pingbao ore field. -
图 1 宝山铜铅锌多金属矿床地质图
1—研究区位置;2—花岗岩体;3—角砾岩带;4—断层;5—上泥盆统锡矿山组;6—下石炭统孟公坳组;7—下石炭统石凳子组;8—下石炭统测水组;9—下石炭统梓门桥组;10—中上石炭统壶天群组;11—花岗闪长斑岩;12—矽卡岩;13—向斜;14—倒转向斜;15—倒转背斜;16—正断层;17—逆断层;18—地层界线;19—剖面线
a—华南构造简图(据Mao et al., 2004;Li and Li, 2007;毛景文等,2011修改);b—南岭中—西部地质简图(据姚军明等,2005修改);c—宝山铜铅锌多金属矿床地质简图(据印建平,1998;唐朝永,2005修改)Figure 1. Geological map of the Baoshan Cu-Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit
图 2 宝山铜铅锌多金属矿床综合剖面示意图(剖面位置见图 1,据印建平,1998修改)
1—下石炭统测水组;2—下石炭统梓门桥组;3—中上石炭统壶天群组;4—下石炭统石凳子组;5—矽卡岩;6—铅锌矿体;7—铜钼矿体;8—断层;9—花岗闪长斑岩;10—地层界线;11—剖面线及端点AB
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the comprehensive section of the Baoshan Cu-Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit (The position of the section is shown in Fig. 1, modified after Yin, 1998)
图 6 宝山铜铅锌多金属矿床-110 m中段Bp-96、Bp-99点和-270 m中段B-46点断裂照片
①—黄铁矿-黄铜矿矿脉;②—下石炭统石磴子组灰岩;③—大理岩化灰岩;④—花岗闪长斑岩脉
a、b—Bp-96点层间断裂照片;c—B-46点控岩断裂(孤点,NW75°∠70°NE);d—Bp-99点控岩断裂(NW80°∠65°NE)Figure 6. Fracture photographs at the level 110 section Bp-96, Bp-99 points and the level 270 section B-46 point of the Baoshan Cu-Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit
图 7 BH-5、BH-8点断裂构造剖面素描及其力学性质分析图(测点位置见图 3)
a—BH-5素描图及其力学性质分析图(①—呈不规则状分布的含铅锌矿化的方解石细脉;②—浸染状方铅矿矿化灰岩,硅化强烈;③—断裂下盘发育不规则状方解石脉;④—呈不规则状分布的片理化黑色炭质,具褐铁矿化、黄铁矿化;⑤—石磴子组灰岩;Cc—方解石);b—BH-8素描图及其力学性质分析图(①—方解石化层状灰岩;②—片理化带,片理与上层面夹角20°左右;③—方解石呈网脉状密集分布,脉宽0.5~5.0 cm,密度40~60条/m);c—BH-5点照片(北西向右行压扭性断裂及块状方解石);d—BH-8点照片(北西向右行压扭性断裂,片理化、构造透镜体化发育,浸染状矿化及方解石); σ1—最大主应力;σ3—张应力
Figure 7. Sketch of fault structural sections and mechanical properties at BH-5 and BH-8 points (Measuring points are shown in Fig. 3)
图 9 BH-25点侵入接触构造剖面素描图(测点位置见图 3)
①—灰黑色强方解石化灰岩,构造透镜体发育;②—花岗闪长斑岩,具方解石化,两组共轭节理,内见方解石脉,硅化强烈;③—灰黑色方解石化-黄铁矿化灰岩;④—蚀变花岗斑岩;⑤—灰黑色黄铁矿化灰岩;⑥—方解石化灰岩;⑦—闪锌矿-黄铜矿矿体,呈块状、稠密浸染状分布,黄铁矿化强烈,方解石化明显,呈细网脉状;⑧—灰岩;γδΠ—花岗闪长斑岩;C1sh—下石炭统石磴子组灰岩
Figure 9. Sketch of the intrusion contact structural section at the BH-25 point (Measuring point is shown in Fig. 3)
表 1 宝山铜铅锌多金属矿床构造活动期次
Table 1. Stages of structural activities of the Baoshan Cu-Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit
构造期次 主压应力方向 构造类型 控岩控矿作用 成矿前 加里东期 350°—355° 北东东向褶皱 导岩构造 成矿期
印支—燕山早期85°—90° 近南北向次级褶皱
北东—北东东向压扭性断裂
北西西向向张扭性断裂配矿、容矿 成矿后 燕山晚期 45°—50° 北东向张扭性断裂 破矿构造 表 2 宝山铜铅锌多金属矿床构造岩矿化元素含量表(×10-6)
Table 2. Metallogenic element contents of tectonites in the Baoshan Cu-Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit(×10-6)
序号 岩性 位置 断裂/岩脉产状 样品号 Sn W Mo Bi Cu Pb Ag Zn 1 断裂带内碎裂岩 -110 m中段 NE85°∠50°NW B02-2 1.1 0.16* 160 321 82.2 555 2.38 395 2 -110 m中段 NE50°∠80°NW B03-2 69.8 129 91.7 6.14 15.3 215 0.94 197 3 -110 m中段 NW60°∠65°SW B12-1 61.3 0.21* 89.2 595 139.0 118 0.30 103 4 -110 m中段 NW60°∠65°SW B13-1 24.6 0.20* 48.3 822 0.17* 131 5.48 59 5 -110 m中段162线 NE55°∠70°NW B29-1 31.2 15.0 13.2 0.96 28.50 0.70* 20.50 1.42* 6 152线与沿脉叉口处 NW35°∠65°NE BW05 1.78 1.03 1.63 0.80 14.40 140 0.44 123 7 167线北穿脉 NE20°∠61°NW BW28-1 8.48 78.7 2.92 32.4 44.60 65.2 0.26 156 8 167线北穿脉 NE75°∠74°NW BW29 3.87 37.6 12.30 6.70 65.40 0.22* 8.07 0.73* 9 花岗闪长斑岩 -270 m中段北部F3 NW80°∠73°NE Bp-43 3.66 4.54 7.88 0.26 12.1 83.8 0.26 186 10 -270 m中段北部 NW75°∠75°NE Bp-46 3.34 9.44 13.3 0.37 20.5 299 0.87 794 11 -110 m中段 NE80°∠80°NW Bp-91-2 1.44 2.70 1.65 0.26 6.99 57.90 0.10 117 12 -110 m中段 NW30°∠70°SW P1 53.7 921 12.6 248 244 161 0.39 111 13 -110 m中段 NE80°∠41°SE BW38-4 3.64 5.99 4.03 0.98 5.98 71.6 0.10 72 克拉克值 3 1.50 1.10 0.01 47.00 15.00 0.05 83.00 注:(1)标*号数据单位为%。(2)矿化元素边界品位:Sn-0.10%~0.20%,W-0.10%~0.12%,Mo-0.03%~0.05%,Bi-0.20%,Cu-0.20%,Pb-0.30%~0.50%,Ag-40~50g/T,Zn-0.50%~1.0%。(3)测试单位:有色金属西北矿产地质测试中心 表 3 宝山铜铅锌多金属矿床流体包裹体主要参数
Table 3. Main parameters of the fluid inclusions in the Baoshan Cu-Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit
成矿阶段 包裹体类型 测试矿物 均一温度/℃ 冰点/℃ 子晶融化温度/℃ 盐度/wt%NaClaqv 矽卡岩阶段 V+L+S 石榴子石 420~544 -18.5~-11.5 170 13.18~49.11 V+L 透辉石 > 550 -20.9~-13.1 180 11.10~20.37 石榴子石 430~ > 550 -21.1~-9.5 13.4~43.0 金属硫化物阶段 V+L+S 石英 201.4~210.5 -16.5~-3.8 169.4 6.16~19.84 V+L 萤石 156.7~323.1 -9.0~-2.2 3.71~30.48 闪锌矿 175~285 -3.8~-6.9 6.16~10.36 注:数据齐钒宇(2012);轩一撒(2016);轩一撒等(2017);盐度—wt%NaClaqv -
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