青藏高原东南缘活动断裂地质灾害效应研究现状

白永健; 倪化勇; 葛华

doi:10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2019.25.06.095

青藏高原东南缘活动断裂地质灾害效应研究现状

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2019.25.06.095

白永健^{1, 2,},
倪化勇¹,
葛华¹

1.
中国地质调查局成都地质调查中心, 四川成都 610081
2.
成都理工大学地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室, 四川成都 610059

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划 2018YFC1505406

国家自然科学基金 41702374

中国地质调查局项目 DD20190640

支撑川藏科技攻坚战项目 20190505

详细信息

作者简介:
白永健(1982-), 男, 在读博士, 高级工程师, 研究方向为岩土体稳定性及地质灾害防治。E-mail:byj209@126.com

中图分类号: P553;P694
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-06-15
- 修回日期: 2019-08-29
- 刊出日期: 2019-12-28

ADVANCES IN RESEARCH ON THE GEOHAZARD EFFECT OF ACTIVE FAULTS ON THE SOUTHEASTERN MARGIN OF THE TIBETAN PLATEAU

BAI Yongjian^{1, 2
,},
NI Huayong¹,
GE Hua¹

1.
Chengdu Center of China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610081, Sichuan, China
2.
Station Key Laboratory of Geo-hazard Prevention and Geo-Environment Protection, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China

摘要

摘要: 青藏高原东南缘不同性质、不同类型、不同特点活动断裂发育且较为活跃，自2008年汶川地震发生以来，相继发生了玉树地震、庐山地震、鲁甸地震等。地震引发、触发、诱发产生了大量地质灾害，造成了惨重的生命财产损失。通过收集与分析相关资料，对青藏高原东南缘活动断裂地质灾害效应研究进展与取得成果进行了归纳总结，从活动断裂地质灾害主要控制因素，地质灾害发育特征、空间分布规律、演化模式、形成机制，不同性质断裂控制效应、断裂两盘差异效应、地震动参数效应、地形地貌效应等地质环境效应和地质灾害力学效应等方面进行了综述。在此基础上，对活动断裂地质灾害效应研究中存在的如不同类型活动断裂和不同震级地震与地震地质灾害相关性、以及地震地质灾害监测与风险评估等问题或重点研究方向进行了探讨，其研究结果为地震地质灾害致灾机理、风险评估、防灾减灾等研究提供参考。
- 青藏高原东南缘 /
- 活动断裂 /
- 地质灾害效应 /
- 内外地质动力
Abstract: Active faults of different properties, types and characteristics, developing on the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, are relatively active. Since the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, there have occurred several earthquakes, including the Yushu earthquake, Lushan earthquake, Ludian earthquake and other earthquakes, which induced a large number of geological disasters and leaded to catastrophic losses of life and property. Based on data collection and analysis, advances in the earthquake geohazard on the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau are summarized. Geohazard effect of active faults including the main control factors of geological disaster, spatial distribution regularity, evolution pattern and formation mechanism, the geological environment effect such as active faults with different properties, the difference between two plates, ground motion parameters and topography, and mechanical effects of geological hazards are analyzed. Then the main problems or key research directions in the study of the geological disaster effect of active faults, such as the correlation between the active faults with different properties, the earthquake with magnitude and geological disasters, and the seismic geological disaster monitoring and risk assessment, are put forward. The results can provide strong support for the study of the mechanism, risk assessment, disaster prevention and reduction of seismic geological disasters.
- southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau /
- active fault /
- geohazard effect /
- inner and outer geological dynamics
注释:

责任编辑：范二平

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表 1 青藏高原东缘近十年地震及人员伤亡

Table 1. Earthquakes and loss of life on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau in recent ten years

序号	地震	发震时间	震级/Ms	受灾死亡/人	受灾失踪/人	受灾/人	地质灾害/处	来源
1	汶川地震	2008.5.12	8.0	69197	618209	374176 213.33万	560003 3(堰塞湖)	张培震等^[15] Dai et al^[16]
2	玉树地震	2010.4.04	7.0	2698	270	11486	2000	吴中海等^[17]
3	彝良地震	2012.9.07	5.7、5.9	80	0	74.4万	448	吴中海等^[17]
4	庐山地震	2013.4.27	7.0	196	121	152万	2981	裴向军等^[18]
5	岷县漳县地震	2013.7.22	6.6	91	5	12.3万	634	殷志强等^[19]
6	鲁甸地震	2014.8.03	6.5	617	2112	108.84万	1700	殷志强等^[20]
7	九寨沟地震	2017.8.08	7.0	25	6	17.6万	238	徐锡伟等^[14]

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表 2 青藏高原东南缘主要发震活动断裂特征

Table 2. Characteristics of main active faults on the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau

序号	断裂名称	深度类型	滑动性质	活动时代	近代代表性地震	水平速率/(mm/a)	垂直速率/(mm/a)
1	龙门山断裂	岩石圈	逆冲右旋走滑	全新世	2008年M_S8.0汶川地震，2013年M_S7.1芦山地震	2.0~3.0	1.0±
2	鲜水河断裂带	地壳	左旋走滑	全新世	1973年M_S7.6炉霍地震	2.0±0.2~13±5	＜2.0~3.2±0.7
3	安宁河断裂带	岩石圈	左旋走滑	晚更新─全新世	1732年M_S7.0西昌地震	0.5~8.5	1.0~2.3
4	则木河断裂带	地壳	左旋走滑	全新世	1850年M_S7.5西昌普格地震	4.90~7.90
5	小江断裂带	地壳	左旋走滑	全新世	1970年M_S7.7通海地震	3.37±3.20~3.29±2.73	0.9±~1.0
6	班公湖-怒江断裂带	岩石圈	逆冲走滑	晚更新─全新世	2011年M_S7.2缅甸地震
7	金沙江-红河断裂带	地壳	逆冲走滑	晚更新─全新世	1989年M_S6.7巴塘地震	6~7	2~3
8	昭通—鲁甸断裂带	地壳	右旋走滑	全新世	2012M_S5.7、5.9彝良地震，2014年M_S 6.5鲁甸地震
9	岷江断裂	岩石圈	逆冲左旋走滑	全新世	M_S≥6.0地震6次，M_S≥7.0地震3次	≤0.2	0.37~0.53
10	虎牙断裂	岩石圈	逆冲左旋走滑	全新世	2017年M_S7.0九寨沟地震	1.4~2.55	0.3~0.5

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