大火成岩省与大规模黑色页岩沉积的成因联系及其意义

张拴宏; 裴军令; 胡国辉; 张琪琪; 税国豪; 赵越

doi:10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2019.25.05.075

大火成岩省与大规模黑色页岩沉积的成因联系及其意义

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2019.25.05.075

张拴宏^{1, 2,},
裴军令^{1, 2},
胡国辉^{1, 2},
张琪琪^{1, 2},
税国豪^{1, 2},
赵越^{1, 2}

1.
中国地质科学院地质力学研究所, 北京 100081
2.
自然资源部古地磁与古构造重建重点实验室, 北京 100081

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41725011

国家自然科学基金项目 41920104004

国家重点研发计划课题 2018YFC0603802

详细信息

作者简介:
张拴宏(1974-), 男, 研究员, 从事区域地质、大地构造及前寒武纪地质学研究。E-mail:tozhangshuanhong@163.com

中图分类号: P588.1;P587
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-09-01
- 修回日期: 2019-09-23
- 刊出日期: 2019-10-28

GENETIC LINK BETWEEN LARGE IGNEOUS PROVINCES AND LARGE VOLUMES OF BLACK SHALE DEPOSITION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS

ZHANG Shuanhong^{1, 2
,},
PEI Junling^{1, 2},
HU Guohui^{1, 2},
ZHANG Qiqi^{1, 2},
SHUI Guohao^{1, 2},
ZHAO Yue^{1, 2}

1.
Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Paleomagnetism and Tectonic Reconstruction, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China

摘要

摘要: 大火成岩省对全球性大气-海洋环境的巨变及生物灭绝有非常重要的影响。已有研究结果表明，显生宙（即寒武纪以来）大火成岩省与全球大洋缺氧与生物灭绝有明显的成因联系，显生宙国际地质年代表中多个金钉子均与以大火成岩省、黑色页岩及生物灭绝为代表的全球性地质事件相对应。但由于对前寒武纪，特别是"地球中年期"（18~8亿年，"枯燥的10亿年"）大气氧浓度、海洋的氧化-还原状态及生物门类及演化认识的局限性，关于前寒武纪大火成岩省与环境的影响及其与黑色页岩沉积的成因联系一直很不清楚。通过对全球哥伦比亚（奴那）超大陆中约13.8亿年全球性大火成岩省及黑色页岩沉积时空分布的研究，发现这些大火成岩省及黑色页岩的分布有明显的规律。约13.8亿年大火成岩省广泛分布在北美、格陵兰、西伯利亚、波罗地、卡拉哈里、刚果、西非、亚马逊、南极及西澳大利亚等大陆上；而同期的黑色页岩在华北及北澳大利亚克拉通广泛分布，在西伯利亚、巴西及印度等克拉通也有分布。根据这些黑色页岩在超大陆重建图中的空间分布，提出了哥伦比亚（奴那）超大陆中这些广泛分布的约13.8亿年黑色页岩可能沉积于连通的大型海相盆地，而不是以往所认为的局部封闭的小盆地。通过约13.8亿年大火成岩省与黑色页岩内火山灰（斑脱岩）年龄的对比，进一步提出约13.8亿年存在一次与全球性大火成岩省有关的大洋缺氧事件，以此期大火成岩省与黑色页岩为代表的全球性地质事件为中元古代盖层系与延展系提供了精确的界限年龄为1383 Ma。初步的研究结果还显示，"地球中年期"可能还有多期的大火成岩省与黑色页岩沉积有时空联系，有望为晚前寒武纪地质年代表划分提供新的事件约束。
- 大火成岩省 /
- 黑色页岩沉积 /
- 大洋缺氧事件 /
- 地质年代表划分
Abstract: Large igneous provinces (LIPs) have a significant influence on global climate changes and mass extinction events. Previous results show that some of the Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Points (GSSPs) in the Phanerozoic international geologic time scale are corresponding to the coeval global-scale LIPs, mass extinction events and/or ocean anoxic events (OAEs) represented by black shales. However, due to limited knowledge of atmospheric oxygen concentrations, ocean redox conditions and early fossils during the Meso-Neoproterozoic Era prior to the Ediacaran period, little is known on the climate and environmental effects of LIPs and link between LIPs and black shales during a billion years in "Earth's Middle Age" (or "Boring Billion") from 1800 Ma to 800 Ma. Recent results on global distribution of the~1380 Ma LIPs and black shales indicate a temporal and genetic link between the~1380 Ma LIPs and black shales in the Columbia (Nuna) supercontinent. The~1380 Ma LIPs are widely distributed in Baltica, North America, Greenland, Siberia, Kalahari, Congo, West Africa, Amazonia, East Antarctica and West Australia; the coeval black shales have been identified in North China and Northern Australia Graton, and probably in Siberia, Brazil and India Cratons. We proposed that the~1380 Ma black shales were deposited in an and/or several large marine basins, not some restricted basins as previously regarded. Comparisons of the baddeleyite/zircon U-Pb ages of~1380 Ma LIPs and zircon U-Pb ages of tuffs from the black shales within the Xiamaling Formation indicate that global deposition of the~1380 Ma black shales are related to an oceanic anoxic event induced by environment effects of the~1380 Ma LIPs, and the coeval black shales and LIPs provide a robust natural marker for the Calymmian-Ectasian boundary at 1383 Ma. Preliminary results on global distribution of other Meso-Neoproterozoic LIPs and black shales suggest that several other stages of LIPs in "Earth's Middle Age" are correlated with coeval black shales and can potentially provide more natural markers for the Meso-Neoproterozoic geological time scale.
- large igneous provinces (LIPs) /
- black shale sediments /
- oceanic anoxic events (OAEs) /
- subdivision of geologic time scale
注释:

责任编辑：范二平

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图 1 白垩纪中期古地理重建及大火成岩省及与大洋缺氧有关的黑色页岩分布示意图(据文献[32])

Figure 1. Paleogeographic map showing distribution of large igneous provinces (LIPs) and coeval black shales and OAE-related sediments in the mid-Cretaceous (ca. 94 Ma) (after reference [32])

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图 2 早侏罗世古地理重建及与大洋缺氧有关的黑色页岩分布图(据文献[35])

Figure 2. Paleogeographic map showing distribution of early Jurassic black shales related to OAEs (after reference [35])

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图 3 显生宙全球大洋缺氧及生物灭绝事件与大火成岩省对比图(据文献[28])

Figure 3. Diagram showing link between global LIPs, mass extinction and ocean anoxic events during Phanerozoic Eon (after reference [28])

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图 4 大火成岩省喷发及侵入对陆地及海洋生态系统影响示意图(据文献[23]修改)

Figure 4. Diagram showing environmental disruption in both terrestrial and marine ecosystems by LIPs (modified after reference [23])

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图 5 显生宙大陆大火成岩省与表生环境及生物灭绝关系示意图(据文献[9-10])

Figure 5. Flow chart showing environmental effects for continental LIPs during Phanerozoic Eon (after references [9-10])

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图 6 地球演化历史中大气氧随时间变化示意图(据文献[42])

Figure 6. Evolution of Earth's atmospheric oxygen content through time (after reference [42])

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图 7 华北克拉通燕辽地区下马岭组黑色页岩及其中火山灰(斑脱岩夹层)夹层

Figure 7. Black shales and tuffs within the Xiamaling Formation in Yanliao area in the North China Craton

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图 8 不同哥伦比亚(奴那)重建图中约1380 Ma大火成岩省与黑色页岩的空间分布示意图(据文献[89]，重建图据文献[90-93])

Figure 8. Distributions of ~1380 Ma black shales and LIPs in the paleogeographic reconstruction map of the Nuna supercontinent (after reference [89], reconstruction map from references [90-93])

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图 9 约1380 Ma大火成岩省锆石/斜锆石U-Pb年龄与下马岭组黑色页岩内火山灰(斑脱岩)锆石U-Pb年龄对比图(据文献[89])

Figure 9. Comparisons of ages of ~1380 Ma LIPs and those of tuff beds with black shales in the middle part of the Xiamaling Formation in the NCC (after reference [89])

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