充填天然裂缝对页岩受载过程中渗透率变化规律影响机理分析

尚春江; 康永尚; 邓泽; 赵群; 王红岩; 刘洪林

doi:10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2019.25.03.035

充填天然裂缝对页岩受载过程中渗透率变化规律影响机理分析

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2019.25.03.035

尚春江^1,,
康永尚^{1, 2},
邓泽³,
赵群³,
王红岩³,
刘洪林³

1.
中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院, 北京 102249
2.
油气资源与探测国家重点实验室, 北京 102249
3.
中国石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083

基金项目:

国家科技重大专项 2017ZX05035-004-003

国家科技重大专项 2016ZX05041-001

详细信息

作者简介:
尚春江(1992-), 男, 在读硕士, 主要从事非常规油气勘探开发方面的研究。E-mail:893604800@qq.com

中图分类号: TE312
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- 文章访问数: 127
- HTML全文浏览量: 66
- PDF下载量: 9
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-06-11
- 修回日期: 2018-08-29
- 刊出日期: 2019-06-28

THE INFLUENCE MECHANISM OF FILLED NATURAL FRACTURES ON THE VARIATION LAW OF SHALE PERMEABILITY IN LOADING PROCESS

1.
School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, Beijing 102249, China
3.
Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China

摘要

摘要: 页岩气开采需要对储层进行大规模人工水力压裂改造，为了研究压裂过程中页岩渗透率变化规律及其机理，文章通过对含充填天然裂缝和不含天然裂缝两块页岩岩样进行流-固耦合物理模拟实验，并结合样品的全岩X-射线衍射分析，获得以下认识：加卸载过程中，应力-应变曲线中应力小平台的出现可以指示样品中微裂缝的形成与闭合，是渗透率变化的内在机制；当岩样达到破裂条件形成显裂缝后，样品发生永久性变形，从而达到渗透率增大的效果；受载过程中，微裂缝易沿着天然裂缝脆弱面发育，并不断积累连通成裂缝网络，是形成两块岩样渗透率变化差异的机理。
- 页岩气 /
- 流-固耦合 /
- 渗透率 /
- 天然裂缝 /
- 形成机理
Abstract: Shale gas exploitation requires large-scale artificial hydraulic fracturing of resevoirs. In order to study the variation law and mechanism of shale permeability during fracturing, fluid-solid coupling physical simulation experiments on two shale samples with and without filled natural fractures were carried out, and combined with the analysis of whole-rock X-ray diffraction of two samples, the following understandings were obtained:(1) During the loading and unloading process, the presence of small stress platforms in the stress-strain curve indicate the formation and closure of micro-fractures in the sample, which is the intrinsic mechanism of permeability change; (2) When the shale sample reaches the fracture condition to form visible fractures, the sample will be permanently deformed to increase the permeability. (3) In the process of loading, micro-fractures tend to develop along the fragile surface of natural fractures and continuously accumulate to form fracture networks, which is the mechanism for the difference of permeability changes between two shale samples.
- shale gas /
- fluid-solid coupling /
- permeability /
- natural fracture /
- formation mechanism
注释:

责任编辑:范二平

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图 1 流-固耦合物理模拟实验流程图

Figure 1. Flow chart of fluid-solid coupling physical simulation experiments

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 龙山1井井位和区域构造

Figure 2. Structure sketch and the location of Well Longshan 1

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图 3 龙山地区地层柱状图(据^[23]修改)

Figure 3. The comprehensive stratigraphic column of the Longshan area(According to ^[23])

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图 4 流-固耦合物理模拟实验前后页岩岩样照片

Figure 4. Photos of shale core samples prepared for fluid-solid coupling physical simulation experiments

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图 5 岩样LS1-9-1(不含天然裂缝)流-固耦合实验曲线

Figure 5. Fluid-solid coupling experimental curves for shale sample LS1-9-1 (without natural fractures)

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图 6 岩样LS1-10-1(含天然裂缝)流-固耦合实验曲线

Figure 6. Fluid-solid coupling experimental curves for shale sample LS1-10-1 (with natural fractures)

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图 7 渗透率形成过程示意图

Figure 7. Diagrams of the formation process of permeability

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表 1 流-固耦合物理模拟实验页岩岩心描述

Table 1. Shale core sample descriptions for fluid-solid coupling physical simulation experiments

岩样编号	取样深度/m	均深/m	层位	样品描述
LS1-9-1	954.53~958.3	956.42	寒武系筇竹寺组黑色页岩段	灰黑色页岩，结构致密，不含天然裂缝
LS1-10-1	954.53~958.3	956.42	寒武系筇竹寺组黑色页岩段	灰黑色页岩，结构致密，含天然裂缝(充填)

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表 2 页岩岩样流-固耦合实验数据表

Table 2. Experiment data of shale samples

岩样	加—卸载情况	轴压/MPa	围压/MPa	时间/h	入口气压/MPa	出口气压/MPa	平均流量/(ml/s)	渗透率/mD
岩样LS1-9-1(不含天然裂缝)	加载	8.00	5.00	0.95	1.12	0.10	0.00	0.000
		15.00	5.00	1.32	1.12	0.10	0.00	0.000
		25.00	5.00	1.71	1.12	0.10	0.00	0.000
		35.00	5.00	2.25	1.12	0.10	0.00	0.000
		45.00	5.00	2.60	1.12	0.10	0.00	0.000
		55.00	5.00	3.23	1.12	0.10	0.00	0.000
		65.00	5.00	3.96	1.12	0.10	0.00	0.000
		75.00	5.00	4.52	1.12	0.10	0.00	0.000
		85.00	5.00	5.26	1.12	0.10	0.00	0.000
		95.00	5.00	6.68	1.11	0.10	0.00	0.000
		105.00	5.00	7.30	1.11	0.10	0.00	0.000
		115.00	5.00	8.14	1.10	0.10	0.05	0.010
		125.00	5.00	8.65	1.09	0.10	0.12	0.027
		135.00	5.00	9.33	1.08	0.10	0.24	0.054
		145.00	5.00	10.07	1.15	0.10	0.41	0.083
	卸载	125.00	5.00	10.25	1.15	0.10	0.37	0.075
		105.00	5.00	10.51	1.15	0.10	0.36	0.074
		85.00	5.00	10.78	1.16	0.10	0.42	0.083
	加载	85.00	5.00	21.53	1.00	0.10	0.28	0.075
		95.00	5.00	21.91	1.00	0.10	0.28	0.073
		105.00	5.00	22.27	1.00	0.10	0.27	0.070
		115.00	5.00	22.64	1.00	0.10	0.27	0.072
		125.00	5.00	22.91	0.98	0.10	0.28	0.076
		135.00	5.00	23.26	1.01	0.10	0.32	0.082
		145.00	5.00	23.70	0.98	0.10	0.33	0.091
	卸载	135.00	5.00	24.63	0.98	0.10	0.32	0.088
		125.00	5.00	24.92	0.98	0.10	0.30	0.082
		115.00	5.00	25.25	0.96	0.10	0.28	0.080
		105.00	5.00	25.52	1.09	0.10	0.36	0.081
		95.00	5.00	25.80	1.07	0.10	0.32	0.075
		85.00	5.00	26.22	1.03	0.10	0.32	0.080
		75.00	5.00	26.61	1.02	0.10	0.32	0.080
		65.00	5.00	27.60	1.00	0.10	0.35	0.091
		55.00	5.00	27.43	1.00	0.10	0.36	0.095
		45.00	5.00	27.81	1.00	0.10	0.35	0.091
		35.00	5.00	28.17	1.00	0.10	0.31	0.081
		25.00	5.00	28.45	0.98	0.10	0.24	0.066
		15.00	5.00	28.60	0.98	0.10	0.20	0.055
		8.00	5.00	29.02	0.98	0.10	0.18	0.048
岩样LS1-10-1(含天然裂缝，但裂缝被充填)	加载	8.00	5.00	0.12	1.02	0.10	0.00	0.000
		15.00	5.00	0.22	1.02	0.10	0.00	0.000
		25.00	5.00	0.34	1.02	0.10	0.00	0.000
		35.00	5.00	0.55	1.02	0.10	0.00	0.001
		45.00	5.00	0.70	1.01	0.10	0.00	0.001
		55.00	5.00	0.85	1.00	0.10	0.00	0.001
		65.00	5.00	0.94	1.00	0.10	0.00	0.001
		75.00	5.00	1.06	1.00	0.10	0.00	0.001
		85.00	5.00	1.27	0.98	0.10	0.01	0.003
		95.00	5.00	1.41	0.96	0.10	0.09	0.024
		105.00	5.00	1.56	0.94	0.10	0.22	0.064
		115.00	5.00	1.70	0.92	0.10	0.37	0.114
	卸载	105.00	5.00	1.94	1.00	0.10	0.47	0.123
		95.00	5.00	2.07	1.00	0.10	0.45	0.118
		85.00	5.00	2.18	1.00	0.10	0.48	0.125
		75.00	5.00	2.30	1.00	0.10	0.47	0.124
		65.00	5.00	2.40	1.00	0.10	0.45	0.118
		55.00	5.00	2.50	1.00	0.10	0.44	0.116
		45.00	5.00	2.61	1.00	0.10	0.40	0.105
		35.00	5.00	2.72	1.00	0.10	0.36	0.095
		25.00	5.00	2.82	1.00	0.10	0.30	0.079
		15.00	5.00	2.93	1.00	0.10	0.21	0.056
		8.00	5.00	3.04	1.00	0.10	0.13	0.034

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表 3 页岩岩样力学参数和岩矿分析结果表

Table 3. Mechanical parameters and mineral compositions of tested shale samples

样品编号	杨氏模量/GPa	泊松比	岩矿分析/%
样品编号	杨氏模量/GPa	泊松比	粘土	石英	斜长石	硅质矿物累计	方解石	硅质+方解石	黄铁矿
LS1-9-1(不含天然裂缝)	10.72	0.16	3.3	5.2	4.2	9.4	85.6	95	1.7
LS1-10-1(含天然裂缝)	14.35	0.13	4.3	5.1	2.4	7.5	87.2	94.7	1

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