ORE-FORMING STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF THE LIANGYAN LEAD-ZINC MINING AREA IN NORTHWESTERN GUIZHOU DEPOSIT CONCENTRATION DISTRICT, CHINA
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摘要: 亮岩铅锌矿是川滇黔接壤区黔西北铅锌矿集区的典型矿床之一。基于矿田地质力学理论与方法，通过对该矿床三个中段出露的垭都—蟒硐断裂带结构进行精细解析，综合矿床地质特征和区域构造分析，认为该区至少历经了三期构造成生发展过程，相应的主压应力方向依次变化为北西向→北东向→东西向，其中在成矿期主要受北西—南东向挤压作用，为北东构造带。因该断裂带走向变化，在其不同部位的力学性质相应发生改变，导致矿体赋存特征存在明显差异。结合黔西北矿集区内其它典型矿床控矿构造的对比研究，发现这些矿床具有相似的构造控矿规律，而且与滇东北矿集区会泽型（HZT）铅锌矿均受到统一的构造应力场控制。不同于垭都—蟒硐成矿带在成矿期受北西构造带构造体系控制的传统观点，该新认识认为燕山期北东—西南向挤压作用所形成的北西构造带构造体系为成矿后构造（破矿构造）。这些认识为该区乃至黔西北矿集区深部找矿预测提供了重要启示。Abstract: The Liangyan Pb-Zn deposit is one of the typical deposits in the northwest Guizhou Pb-Zn polymetallic ore-concentrated area in the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou Triangle area (SYGT). Based on detailed analysis of the ore-controlling structures of the three levels at DaJie ore section by Geological Mechanics Theory and Method of Ore-field, combining comprehensive analysis of regional structure, this paper focuses on the prospecting direction in the deeper part of this area. The analysis shows that at least three tectonic stages developed in this area, and the corresponding principal compressive stress changes successively from NW to NE, then to EW. Ore bodies controlled by different mechanisms occurred in different parts of the fault. It is concluded that the deposit was controlled by NW-SE-trending compressive stress processes in the ore-forming period, which is coincident to the tectonic stress field of the northeast Yunnan HZT deposit concentration district. This new understanding is different from the previous opinion that the Yadu-Mongdong metallogenic belt in the metallogenic period was controlled by NE-SW-trending compressive stress processes. The NW-SE-W compression is basically a tectonic event after the mineralization.
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图 1 矿区地质及大地构造位置简图
1—泥盆系；2—石炭系；3—二叠系上统；4—二叠系中统；5—二叠系；6—三叠系；7—峨眉山玄武岩组；8—河流；9—断裂；10—地层界线；11—研究区；12—矿床；13—矿体；14—实测坑道剖面
a—大地构造位置简图；b—矿床地质简图；c—实测剖面位置简图Figure 1. Geological map and geotectonic location of the Liangyan Pb-Zn deposit
图 2 1605 m中段F1断裂带结构解析剖面图
Do—白云岩化；Ls—灰岩；Cc—方解石；J1-3—节理
1—灰质白云岩；2—灰岩；3—细晶白云岩；4—粗晶白云岩；5—砂糖状白云岩；6—断裂；7—闪锌矿化；8—黄铁矿化；9—方解石；10—灰岩角砾；11—白云岩角砾
Ⅰ—Ⅵ为断裂带结构分带代号：Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅵ为碎裂带；Ⅱ为扁长角砾岩带；Ⅲ为新断裂核；Ⅴ为老断裂核；
a—g为各断裂带照片Figure 2. Structural analysis profile of F1 fault zone at the middle section of 1605 m
图 3 四个阶段方解石穿切关系图
CcⅠ到Ⅳ—①到④阶段方解石脉；Py—黄铁矿化；Lm—褐铁矿化
1—方解石Ⅰ；2—方解石Ⅱ；3—方解石Ⅲ；4—方解石Ⅳ；5—黄铁矿化；6—褐铁矿化；7—断裂；8—灰岩；9—照片位置
a—各阶段方解石关系照片；b—各阶段方解石关系素描图；c—方解石Ⅳ照片；d—与黄铁矿共生方解石Ⅱ照片；e—方解石Ⅱ被方解石Ⅲ切割；f—方解石Ⅰ被方解石Ⅲ切割Figure 3. Four stages of calcite cutting characteristics
图 4 F1断裂带结构中不同矿化蚀变特征图
Cc-方解石; Do-白云岩; Sp-闪锌矿; Py-黄铁矿; Lm-褐铁矿
Figure 4. Mineralization alteration of F1 fault
图 5 F1断裂的新断裂核中不同角砾岩组构显微照片
Cc—方解石；Sp—闪锌矿；Dol Bre—白云石角砾；Sp Bre—闪锌矿角砾；Sulfide grain—硫化物颗粒
a—含闪锌矿白云岩角砾被方解石胶结矿脉角砾状构造；b—白云岩角砾被方解石胶结具角砾状构造; c—闪锌矿被破坏成角砾状并被方解石胶结呈角砾状构造; d—黄铁矿受构造影响呈碎裂构造Figure 5. Microphotographs of different breccia fabrics in the new fault core in F1 fault zone
图 6 1665 m中的含矿断裂裂隙构造实测剖面及照片
Cc—方解石；Ore—铅锌矿体；Py—黄铁矿；σ1—最大主压应力；σ2—中间主压应力；σ3—最小主压应力
a—1665中段剖面图；b—破矿断裂；c—含黄铁矿张性断裂；d—黄铁矿细脉；e—矿体与围岩；f—含黄铁矿断裂的力学分析Figure 6. Measured profiles and photos of ore-bearing fault structures at 1665 m
图 7 1720中段铅锌矿体分布平面素描图
Cc—方解石；Sp—闪锌矿；Gn—方铅矿；Dm—白云岩；Py—黄铁矿
a—粗晶白云岩中浸染状铅锌矿带(Ore-1)；b—块状闪锌矿-方铅矿-黄铁矿矿石带(Ore-2)；c—浸染状闪锌矿-方铅矿-黄铁矿矿石带(Ore-1)；d—成矿后断裂带f3；e—成矿后碎裂白云岩带；Figure 7. A sketch of the distribution profile of lead-zinc ore bodies at the middle section of 1720 m
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