降雨下边坡开挖支护离心模型试验

万琪; 岳夏冰; 闫强; 晏长根

doi:10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2018.24.06.090

降雨下边坡开挖支护离心模型试验

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2018.24.06.090

万琪^1,,
岳夏冰¹,
闫强^{1, 2},
晏长根¹

1.
长安大学公路学院, 陕西西安 710064
2.
广西交通投资集团有限公司, 广西南宁 530021

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41272285

国家自然科学基金项目 51209006

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金 300102218412

详细信息

作者简介:
万琪(1990-), 女, 在读博士, 主要从事特殊土路基及地基处理方面的研究。E-mail:wanqi77@163.com

中图分类号: TU472;TU458+.4
计量
- 文章访问数: 292
- HTML全文浏览量: 94
- PDF下载量: 6
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-07-12
- 修回日期: 2018-09-22
- 刊出日期: 2018-12-01

CENTRIFUGE MODEL TEST OF SLOPE EXCAVATION AND SUPPORT UNDER RAINFALL

1.
School of Highway, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China
2.
Guangxi Communications Investment Group Co., Ltd., Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China

摘要

摘要: 为研究降雨下高速公路高边坡在开挖及运营过程中的变形规律及稳定性，以柳南公路改扩建工程某处典型高边坡为原型，利用大型土工离心机及自主研发降雨装置，开展12组不同开挖-支护时序边坡模型试验，通过对边坡从变形至破坏全过程监测，分析不同支护时序条件对边坡稳定性的影响。结果表明：实时支护能有效抑制边坡在水平和竖向的变形，在边坡开挖至第1级和第6级后，坡顶水平变形分别降低33.9%和30.4%，竖向变形降低54%和11.6%；实时支护对维持降雨下边坡稳定状态非常有利，边坡开挖至第2、4、6级后遭遇降雨，其稳定系数降低了10.1%、5.4%、6.5%；相同降雨量下，无实时支护边坡的稳定系数要比实时支护至少降低50%，说明了实时支护对降雨下边坡稳定性的意义巨大。
- 高速公路 /
- 边坡开挖 /
- 改扩建工程 /
- 实时支护 /
- 模型试验
Abstract: In order to study the slope stability and deformation characteristics under rainfall during excavation and operation process, the typical high slope of Liu-Nan highway extension project is chosen as the prototype. Using the geotechnical centrifuge of Chang'an University and independently developed rainfall device, 12 groups of centrifuge model tests of different excavation-support sequence were carried out. Through monitoring the whole process of slope from deformation to failure, the effect of different support sequence on the stability of slope was analyzed. The following results are obtained:the horizontal deformation and the vertical deformation of the slope are well restricted by the timely-support method, the horizontal deformations of the 1th and 6th grade excavation are reduced by 33.9% and 30.4%, and vertical deformations are reduced by about 54% and 11.6%; It is extremely favorable to use the timely-support excavation method for the stability of the slope under rainfall condition. The rainfall stability coefficient have a very small drop at 2th, 4th and 6th grade excavation after rainfall and reduce by 10.1%, 5.4% and 6.5% respectively. Under the same rainfall, the stability coefficient of slope without timely-support is at least 50% lower than that of timely-support excavation method, which shows that it is of great significance to slope stability under rainfall.
- highway /
- slope excavation /
- reconstruction project /
- timely-support /
- model test

HTML全文

图 1 砾质粘性土模拟土料颗粒组成

Figure 1. Gravel cohesive soil simulates soil particle composition

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 模型填筑示意图

Figure 2. Model filling diagram

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 降雨器装置示意图

a—输水系统；b—降雨器

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the rainfall device

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 模型箱及降雨装置实体图

Figure 4. Stereogram of the physical model and the rainfall device

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 坡顶开挖过程中的水平变形

Figure 5. Horizontal deformation of the slope top during excavation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 坡顶开挖过程中的竖向变形

Figure 6. Vertical deformation of the slope top during excavation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 坡脚开挖过程中水平变形

Figure 7. Horizontal deformation of the slope foot during excavation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 坡脚开挖过程中的竖向位移

Figure 8. Vertical displacement of the slope foot during excavation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 坡顶处无量纲沉降随离心加速度水平变化曲线

Figure 9. Curves of the dimensionless settlement with centrifugal acceleration level at the slope top

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 实时支护稳定系数发展曲线

Figure 10. Development curves of stability coefficient with timely-support

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 开挖不实时支护稳定系数发展曲线

Figure 11. Development curves of stability coefficient without timely-support

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 实时支护工况降雨后稳定系数发展曲线

Figure 12. Stability coefficient development curves after rainfall with timely-support after rainfall

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 非实时支护工况降雨后稳定系数发展曲线

Figure 13. Stability coefficient development curves after untimely excavation support condition after rainfall

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 离心机技术指标

Table 1. Technical indexes of geotechnical centrifuge

离心模型箱参数	规格
离心机容量/(g·t)	60
离心加速度/g	1~200
有效半径/m	2.0
启动历时/min	≤20 (从静止到200 g)
模型箱外部尺寸/(m×m×m)	0.7×0.36×0.5/0.5×0.4×0.5

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 边坡岩土体工程参数

Table 2. The mechanical parameters of the rock masses

土层	重度/ (kN/m³)	粘聚力 c/kPa	内摩擦角 $φ$/(°)	坡高	平均倾角	边坡分级
砾质粘性土	19.1	28.9	21.3	17	39.6	3
砂质粘性土	20.2	30.8	24.2	34	34.9	2
泥质砂岩	24.6	40.2	27.1	6	33.8	1

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 离心模型试验相似比

Table 3. Similitude ratios used in centrifuge model tests

类型	物理量	相似比
	线位移L/m	1:100
几何尺寸	面积S/m²	1:10⁴
	体积V/m³	1:10⁶
	弹性模量E/(kN·m^-2)	1:1
	变形模量E₀/(kN·m^-2)	1:1
	容重γ/(kN·m^-3)	100:1
材料特性	应变τ	1:1
	泊松比υ	1:1
	内摩擦角$φ$/(°)	1:1
	黏聚力c/(kN·m^-2)	1:1
动力特性	固结时间T/h	1:10⁴

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 砂岩模拟材料力学参数

Table 4. Mechanical parameters of sandstone simulation material

重晶石:水泥:石膏	重度/(kN/m³)	弹性模量	单轴抗压强度
1:1.21:1.28	23.1~26.3	2.7	16.3

下载: 导出CSV

表 5 模型支护与降雨情况

Table 5. Supporting conditions of models and rainfall situation

编号	开挖-支护时序	降雨时间	降雨条件
ES-1	实时支护(边开挖边支护)	第2级边坡开挖结束
ES-2		第4级边坡开挖结束	暴雨(30 mm/h持续7 h)
ES-3		第6级边坡开挖结束
ES-4			暴雨(24 h总降雨量50~100 mm)
ES-5		全部边坡开挖结束	大暴雨(24 h总降雨量100~200 mm)
ES-6			特大暴雨(24 h总降雨量>200 mm)
E-1	6级边坡全部开挖完后才支护	第2级边坡开挖结束
E-2		第4级边坡开挖结束	暴雨(30 mm/h持续7 h)
E-3		第6级边坡开挖结束
E-4			暴雨(24 h总降雨量50~100 mm)
E-5		全部边坡开挖结束	大暴雨(24 h总降雨量100~200 mm)
E-6			特大暴雨(24 h总降雨量>200 mm)

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(28)

[1]	韩宝睿.高速公路改扩建工程方案研究的关键技术分析[D].南京: 东南大学, 2005. HAN Baorui. Studies on key-technology in freeway reconstruction scheme[D]. Nanjing: Southeast University, 2005. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]	唐朝生, 刘义怀, 施斌, 等.新老路基拼接中差异沉降的数值模拟[J].中国公路学报, 2007, 20(2):13~17. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-7372.2007.02.003 TANG Chaosheng, LIU Yihuai, SHI Bing, et al. Numerical simulation on differential settlement of jointing of new and old roadbed[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2007, 20(2):13~17. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-7372.2007.02.003
[3]	Deschamps R J, Hynes C S, Bourdeau P. Final report: embankment widening design guidelines and construction procedures[R]. West Lafayette: Purdue University, 1990.
[4]	刘永涛.降雨入渗对黄土边坡稳定性影响研究[D].杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2010. LIU Yongtao. Effect of rainfall infiltration on stability of loess slope[D] Yangling: Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, 2010. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]	孙萍, 薛涛, 虞玉诚.下蜀土边坡降雨型滑坡的成因分析[J].水利水电技术, 2016, 47(12):117~120. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/slsdjs201612025 SUN Ping, XUE Tao, YU Yucheng. Analysis on causation of rainfall-induced landslide of Xiashu loess slope[J]. Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, 2016, 47(12):117~120. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/slsdjs201612025
[6]	Liu J X, Yang C H, Gan J J, et al. Stability analysis of road embankment slope subjected to rainfall considering runoff-unsaturated seepage and unsaturated fluid-solid coupling[J]. International Journal of Civil Engineering, 2017, 15(6):865~876. doi: 10.1007/s40999-017-0194-7
[7]	邹祖银, 朱占元, 张锋, 等.连续降雨条件下某震后高边坡稳定性分析[J].地震工程学报, 2016, 38(4):541~548. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0844.2016.04.0541 ZOU Zuyin, ZHU Zhanyuan, ZHANG Feng, et al. Stability analysis of post-earthquake high slope under continuous rainfall[J]. China Earthquake Engineering Journal, 2016, 38(4):541~548. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0844.2016.04.0541
[8]	蒲小武, 王兰民, 吴志强, 等.兰州丘陵沟壑区挖方黄土高边坡面临的工程地质问题及稳定性分析[J].地震工程学报, 2016, 38(5):787~794. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0844.2016.05.0787 PU Xiaowu, WANG Lanmin, WU Zhiqiang, et al. Engineering geological problems of loess high excavation slope in loess hilly and gully region of Lanzhou and its stability analysis[J]. China Earthquake Engineering Journal, 2016, 38(5):787~794. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0844.2016.05.0787
[9]	秦凤艳, 杨富莲, 刘洪波, 等.常见边坡支护形式的地震稳定性对比分析[J].地震工程学报, 2017, 39(3):460~466. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0844.2017.03.0460 QIN Fengyan, YANG Fulian, LIU Hongbo, et al. Comparative analysis of seismic stability on a common slope support form[J]. China Earthquake Engineering Journal, 2017, 39(3):460~466. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0844.2017.03.0460
[10]	徐晗, 朱以文, 蔡元奇, 等.降雨入渗条件下非饱和土边坡稳定分析[J].岩土力学, 2005, 26(12):1957~1962. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7598.2005.12.019 XU Han, ZHU Yiwen, CAI Yuanqi, et al. Stability analysis of unsaturated soil slopes under rainfall infiltration[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2005, 26(12):1957~1962. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7598.2005.12.019
[11]	Cai F, Ugai K. Numerical analysis of rainfall effects on slope stability[J]. International Journal of Geomechanics, 2004, 4(2):69~78. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1532-3641(2004)4:2(69)
[12]	Mahmood K, Jin M K, Ashraf M, et al. The effect of soil type on matric suction and stability of unsaturated slope under uniform rainfall[J]. Ksce Journal of Civil Engineering, 2016, 20(4):1294~1299. doi: 10.1007/s12205-015-0796-z
[13]	谭新莉, 崔炜.卡拉贝利水利枢纽工程联合进水口软岩高边坡稳定设计[J].水利水电技术, 2017, 48(4):47~51, 57. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-9900.2017.04.017 TAN Xinli, CUI Wei. Design of the stability of high soft rock slope at joint-intake of Kalabeili water control project[J]. Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, 2017, 48(4):47~51, 57. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-9900.2017.04.017
[14]	崔洁.不同库水位升降速度对大坝边坡稳定性的影响研究[J].水利水电技术, 2017, 48(2):155~159. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/slsdjs201702026 CUI Jie. Study on impactfrom various reservoir water level fluctuation rates on dam slope stability[J]. Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, 2017, 48(2):155~159. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/slsdjs201702026
[15]	方景成, 邓华锋, 肖瑶, 等.库水和降雨联合作用下岸坡稳定影响因素敏感性分析[J].水利水电技术, 2017, 48(3):146~152, 157. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/slsdjs201703026 FANG Jingcheng, DENG Huafeng, XIAO Yao, et al. Sensitivity analysis on bank -slope stability impacting factors under joint -effect of reservoir water and rainfall[J]. Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, 2017, 48(3):146~152, 157. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/slsdjs201703026
[16]	冯有亭, 李卓, 周涛.坡脚冲刷作用下近坝库岸边坡滑坡模型试验研究[J].水利水电技术, 2016, 47(12):121~125. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/slsdjs201612026 FENG Youting, LI Zhuo, ZHOU Tao. Model experimental study on near-dam reservoir bank slop landslide under slope toe erosion[J]. Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, 2016, 47(12):121~125. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/slsdjs201612026
[17]	胡庆国, 袁宁, 刘登生, 等.多层结构土质边坡降雨入渗过程及稳定性影响分析[J].中国公路学报, 2018, 31(2):67~74. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7372.2018.02.007 HU Qingguo, YUAN Ning, LIU Dengsheng, et al. Analysis of rainfall infiltration process and stability of soil slope with multilayer structure[J]. Chinese Journal of Highway and Transport, 2018, 31(2):67~74. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7372.2018.02.007
[18]	Wang J, Chen L, Yu Z B. Modeling rainfall infiltration on hillslopes using flux-concentration relation and time compression approximation[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2018, 557:243~253. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.12.031
[19]	付建新, 谭玉叶, 宋卫东.考虑二维降雨入渗的非饱和土边坡稳定性分析[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 35(11):1646~1649. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-3026.2014.11.028 FU Jianxin, TAN Yuye, SONG Weidong. Analysis on stability of unsaturated soil slope considering two dimensional rainfall infiltration[J]. Journal of Northeastern University (Natural Science), 2014, 35(11):1646~1649. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-3026.2014.11.028
[20]	石振明, 沈丹祎, 彭铭, 等.考虑多层非饱和土降雨入渗的边坡稳定性分析[J].水利学报, 2016, 47(8):977~985. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/slxb201608002 SHI Zhenming, SHEN Danyi, PENG Ming, et al. Slope stability analysis considering rainfall infiltration of multi-layered unsaturated soils[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2016, 47(8):977~985. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/slxb201608002
[21]	贺凯, 高杨, 王文沛, 等.陡倾煤层开采条件下上覆山体变形破坏物理模型试验研究[J].地质力学学报, 2018, 24(3):399~406. http://journal.geomech.ac.cn/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20180311&journal_id=dzlxxb HE Kai, GAO Yang, WANG Wenpei, et al. Physical model experimental study on deformation and failure of overlying rock slope under the condition of steep coal seam mining[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 2018, 24(3):399~406. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://journal.geomech.ac.cn/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20180311&journal_id=dzlxxb
[22]	张敏, 吴宏伟.边坡离心模型试验中的降雨模拟研究[J].岩土力学, 2007, 28 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=QK200702452494 S1):53~57. ZHANG Min, WU Hongwei. Rainfall simulation techniques in centrifuge modelling of slopes[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2007, 28(S1):53~57. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=QK200702452494
[23]	Allersma H G B, Ravenswaay L, Vos E. Investigation of road widening on soft soils using a small centrifuge[R]. Transportation Research Record 1462, 1994: 47~53.
[24]	宋军, 梁炯, 石胜伟, 等.预应力格构锚固结构受力特征模型试验研究[J].地质力学学报, 2018, 24(3):432~438. http://journal.geomech.ac.cn/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20180315&journal_id=dzlxxb SONG Jun, LIANG Jiong, SHI Shengwei, et al. Modelling test on the mechanical properties of pre-stressed lattice framed anchor structure[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 2018, 24(3):432~438. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://journal.geomech.ac.cn/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20180315&journal_id=dzlxxb
[25]	李林昊, 赵宇飞, 汪小刚.预应力锚索边坡加固作用的离心机试验研究[J].水利水电技术, 2018, 49(1):143~148. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/slsdjs201801021 LI Linhao, ZHAO Yufei, WANG Xiaogang. Centrifuge experiment based study on slope reinforcing effect of anchor cable[J]. Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, 2018, 49(1):143~148. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/slsdjs201801021
[26]	赵晓彦, 张京伍, 梁瑶, 等.花岗岩类土质边坡主被动组合锚固设计方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2013, 32(3):633~639. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6915.2013.03.022 ZHAO Xiaoyan, ZHANG Jingwu, LIANG Yao, et al. Design method for combined active/passive anchoring for granitoid soil slope[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2013, 32(3):633~639. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6915.2013.03.022
[27]	姚裕春, 姚令侃, 袁碧玉, 等.施工时序对边坡稳定性影响的离心模型试验及数值分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2006, 25(5):1075~1080. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6915.2006.05.034 YAO Yuchun, YAO Lingkan, Yuan Biyu, et al. Centrifuge model test and numerical analysis of effects of excavation and support sequence on slope stability[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2006, 25(5):1075~1079. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6915.2006.05.034
[28]	许湘华, 王强, 方理刚.高速公路路堑边坡施工过程动态稳定性分析[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2006, 37(5):1008~1012. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zngydxxb200605033 XU Xianghua, WANG Qiang, FANG Ligang. Analysis on the stability of Expressway Slope during construction[J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2007, 37(5):1008~1012. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zngydxxb200605033