PHYSICAL MODEL EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON DEFORMATION AND FAILURE OF OVERLYING ROCK SLOPE UNDER THE CONDITION OF STEEP COAL SEAM MINING
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摘要: 大型岩质滑坡是中国西南岩溶矿区的主要地质灾害类型，其破坏和成灾过程具有复合性。以我国重庆武隆鸡冠岭滑坡为例，通过离心物理模型试验研究了地下开采条件下陡倾灰岩斜坡的变形失稳机制。试验时随着煤层模型板被拔出，上覆岩层在拟重力作用下开始出现位移与层间错动，当煤层模型被拔出150 mm时，模型山体发生显著破坏。试验结果表明：陡倾灰岩斜坡在长期重力作用下，会出现弯曲倾倒的变形，随着地下煤层逐渐采空，上覆陡倾层状岩体失去支撑，岩层层面分离并产生拉张裂缝，岩体变形加剧发生倾倒破坏，并对煤层下部的稳定岩体形成挤压，下伏稳定岩体发生剪切破坏，最终导致鸡冠岭以倾倒-滑移的复合模式整体失稳。这一研究对中国西南山区大型岩质滑坡的早期识别与失稳机制分析具有指导意义。Abstract: Major rockslide is the main type of geological hazards in the mining mountainous areas of southwestern China. The failure modes and behaviors of this kind of rockslides are complex. Taking the Jiguanling landslide as an example, centrifuge modelling was taken to analyze the failure mechanism of a steep-dip carbonate slope which was induced by goaf in this study. With the model plate of coal seam was pulling out, the overlying strata began to move and dislocate under centrifugal acceleration. The model rock slope failed completely when the model plate was pulled out about 150mm.The experimental results show that the deformation tendency of bending and toppling appeared in steep-dip and layered limestone slopes by gravity. With the underground mining of coal seams, overlying steep-dip and layered rock slope lost its support, then strata got separated and tension fissures were generated. These rock strata were toppled due to severe deformation. The underlying stable rock mass was squeezed by the toppled overlying strata, and shear failure occurred. In the end, the Jiguangling rock slope was failed with the composite mode of toppling-sliding. This study could be a guide of early identification and failure mechanism analysis for major rockslides in mountainous area of southwestern China.
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Key words:
- steep-dip and layered slope /
- underground goaf /
- failure /
- centrifuge model /
- toppling-sliding
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图 1 重庆市鸡冠岭山体滑坡滑后地貌形态
a—鸡冠岭滑后遥感影像；b—滑后全貌；c—阻断乌江
Figure 1. Topographic feature of the Jiguangling rockslide in Chongqing
图 2 重庆市鸡冠岭山体滑前桐麻湾背斜地形及地层结构示意图
P2c—二叠系长兴组；P2w—二叠系吴家坪组；P2q+m—二叠系栖霞茅口组；S1lr—志留系罗惹坪组
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of topography and geologic structure of Tongmawan anticline before the Jiguanling rockslide
图 3 鸡冠岭滑坡滑前滑后地形与地层结构剖面图
Figure 3. Profile of topography and geologic structure before and after the Jiguangling rockslide
图 5 鸡冠岭崩滑体离心模型及监测点
Figure 5. Centrifuge model and its monitoring points for the Jiguanling rockslide
图 6 鸡冠岭模型试验模拟煤层开挖原理图
Figure 6. Schematic diagram of the coal seam excavation simulation
图 7 试验前鸡冠岭山体离心模型及监测装置
Figure 7. Centrifuge model and monitoring device before the test
图 8 鸡冠岭离心模型煤层开采条件下变形破坏过程
Figure 8. Process of deformation and failure of the centrifugal model under coal seam mining for the Jiguanling model
图 10 鸡冠岭离心机模型测点位移和
Figure 10. Curves of the measuring point displacements and acceleration of the Jiguanling centrifugal model
图 11 鸡冠岭离心机模型岩体层间应变和加速度时程曲线
Figure 11. Curves of interlayer strain and acceleration of the Jiguanling centrifugal model
图 12 鸡冠岭滑坡失稳启动模式
Figure 12. Schematic diagram of failure mode of the Jiguanling rockslide
表 1 鸡冠岭滑坡离心模型试验主要物理量比尺关系
Table 1. Scale relation of physical model experiment on the Jiguangling rockslide
物理量 原型与模型比例关系 原型与模型比例数值 长度 1:1/CL 800 加速度 1:n 1:80 容重 1:n/q 1:1248 位移 1:1/CL 800 弹性模量 1:n/qCL 15.6 粘聚力c 1:n/qCL 15.6 内摩擦角φ 1:1 1:1 泊松比υ 1:1 1:1 抗拉强度 1:n/qCL 15.6 注：表中CL为离心试验几何相似比；n为试验离心加速度；q为离心试验容重相似比 
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