MAIN TYPES AND HYDROCARBON EXPLORATION DIRECTION OF THE PALEO-UPLIFTS IN THE QAIDAM BASIN
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摘要: 柴达木盆地古隆起分布广泛，具有巨大的勘探潜力。为指明柴达木盆地古隆起的勘探方向，通过地震资料解释及近年来已发现古隆起油气藏实例解剖，对盆地主要古隆起的构造样式、沉积特征、演化期次、运动学特征及成藏规律等进行总结。将盆地古隆起划分为稳定型、活动型、残余型与消亡型等4种主要类型。同时，盆地的古隆起分布具有一定的规律性，古隆起主要发育于盆地深大断裂两侧，盆地不同性质的边界条件决定了古隆起的发育类型。古隆起在油气运聚、储层类型、圈闭类型、输导条件及保存条件等方面具备优越的成藏条件。以此确定了柴达木盆地古隆起两个有利勘探方向，一是已发现油气田的挖潜；二是成藏条件较好的盆缘山前构造带。Abstract: The paleo-uplifts in the Qaidam Basin are widely distributed and have great exploration potential. In order to indicate the exploration direction of the Qaidam Basin, the structural styles, sedimentary characteristics, evolution stages, kinematic characteristics and reservoir-forming laws of the main paleo-uplifts are summarized in this article through the interpretation of seismic data and the example analysis of discovered hydrocarbon reservoirs in paleo-uplifts in recent years. The paleo-uplifts in the basin are divided into 4 main types:stable type, active type, residual type and extinction type. At the same time, the distribution of paleo-uplifts in the basin has a certain regular pattern:the paleo-uplifts mainly developed on both sides of the deep faults, and the boundary conditions of different properties of basin determined the type of the paleo-uplift. The paleo-uplifts have superior reservoir forming conditions in the migration and accumulation of hydrocarbon, reservoir types, trap types, transportation conditions and preservation conditions etc. Therefore, two favorable exploration directions of the paleo-uplifts in the Qaidam Basin are confirmed:one is tapping the potential of the discovered hydrocarbon fields; the other one is the piedmont tectonic belt with relatively good reservoir conditions on the basin margin.
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Key words:
- paleo-uplift /
- hydrocarbon exploration direction /
- distribution laws /
- the Qaidam Basin
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图 1 柴达木盆地古隆起构造带分布图
Figure 1. Distribution map of paleo-uplift structural belts in the Qaidam Basin
图 2 柴达木盆地不同类型古隆起地震剖面(测线位置见图 1地震测线)
E1+2—路乐河组；E31—下干柴沟组下段；E32—下干柴沟组上段；N1—上干柴沟组；N21—下油砂山组；N22—上油砂山组；N22—狮子沟组；Mz—中生界；NB1、L90、L92—探井名称a—稳定型古隆起，冷湖五号古隆起地震剖面；b—持续型古隆起，平台隆起构带造地震剖面；c—残余型古隆起，牛北2号构造地震剖面；d—消亡型古隆起，红柳泉斜坡地震剖面图 2
Figure 2. The seismic sections of different types of paleo-uplifts in the Qaidam Basin (The location of the measured line is shown in figure 1)
图 3 柴达木盆地北缘昆特依—冷湖构造带—马海构造带构造演化图
Figure 3. The structural evolution section of the north margin of the Qaidam Basin from the Kunteyi belt to the Mahai belt
图 4 柴达木盆地北缘冷湖构造带—南八仙—马北构造带构造演化图
Figure 4. The structural evolution section of the north margin of the Qaidam Basin from the Lenghu belt to the Mabei belt
图 5 柴达木盆地古隆起发育规律模式图
Figure 5. The mode pattern of the paleo-uplift development in the Qaidam Basin
图 6 柴达木盆地不同类型古隆起分布图
Figure 6. Distribution map of different types of paleo-uplifts in the Qaidam Basin
表 1 柴达木盆地不同类型古隆起成藏特征表
Table 1. Reservoir forming characteristics of different types of paleo-uplifts in the Qaidam Basin
古隆起类型 储集条件 盖层条件 圈闭类型 保存条件 成藏模式 稳定型古隆起 基岩风化壳储层较发育，上覆地层砂体发育 优越 基岩以构造圈闭为主，上覆地层发育断块圈闭、岩性圈闭等 浅层一般发育滑脱断层，保存条件一般 下生上储为主 持续型古隆起 基岩风化壳储层极为发育，上覆地层砂体极为发育 优越 基岩以构造圈闭为主，上覆地层发育构造圈闭、地层圈闭、岩性圈闭等 具有良好的保存条件 旁生侧储为主 残余型古隆起 风化壳储层不发育，基岩内幕储层较发育 差 构造圈闭为主 差 旁生侧储为主 消亡型古隆起 基岩风化壳储层较为发育 优越 基岩以构造圈闭为主，上覆地层发育岩性圈闭等 具有良好的保存条件 下生上储、旁生侧储 
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