GENESIS OF NODULAR LIMESTONE IN THE UPPER CAMBRIAN BAOSHAN FORMATION IN WESTERN YUNNAN PROVINCE
-
摘要: 从瘤体与基质的矿物组成、岩石的结构构造出发，深入探讨了滇西施甸地区保山组瘤状灰岩的沉积环境及其形成机理。研究表明，滇西施甸地区上寒武统保山组瘤状灰岩存在3种成因：一种是呈互层状的泥质和灰质沉积物在半固结或弱固结状态下，经差异压实-压溶作用而形成瘤状构造，岩石中各组分含量及后期压溶作用强度的差异导致了瘤状灰岩不同的存在形式；另一种是泥质和灰质沉积物在半固结或弱固结状态下经斜坡滑塌作用形成串珠状、砾屑状灰岩；第三种则是泥灰质沉积层间歇性地暴露干裂，移位磨蚀，并被后期沉积物充填胶结形成瘤状灰岩。Abstract: In this paper, the depositional environment and formation mechanism of the nodular limestone from the Under Cambrian Baoshan Formation in Shidian region, western Yunnan Province was discussed on the basis of mineral components, texture and structure of the node and matrix. Researches show that there are three origins of the nodular limestone in the study area. The first is that the semi-consolidate or weak-consolidate mud and carbonate sediment is altered into the nodular structure by the differential compaction and pressure solution, and the occurrence mode of the nodular limestone is determined by the content of compositions of rock and the pressure solution intensity. The second is that the semi-consolidate or weak-consolidate mud and carbonate sediment is altered into the shoestring and rudaceous nodular limestone by the slope slumping. The third is that the argillo calcareous sediment with exposure and cracking is cemented into the nodular limestone by sediment filling.
-
图 1 研究区大地构造位置图
Ⅰ—腾冲地块；Ⅱ—保山地块；Ⅲ—昌宁地块；Ⅳ—思茅地块；Ⅴ—扬子地块；Ⅵ—研究区；①—怒江断裂；②—柯街断裂；③—澜沧江断裂；④—阿墨江断裂；⑤—哀牢山断裂；⑥—红河断裂
Figure 1. Structural location of the study area
图 2 瘤状灰岩特征
a, b—差异压实-压溶的瘤状灰岩（a—瘤体呈扁豆状、长透镜状、疙瘩状；b—网纹状瘤状灰岩）；c—瘤状灰岩内部，三叶虫化石切过瘤体与基质的界面，保存完好；d—斜坡滑塌作用形成的瘤状灰岩（塑性大的黏土物质发生侧向流动，揉皱变形形成似流动构造，固结早、脆性大的碳酸盐岩破碎呈砾块，被黏土物质包绕而形成串珠状、砾屑状瘤状灰岩）；e, f—暴露成因的瘤状灰岩（e—瘤状灰岩的表面被风化溶蚀后呈蜂巢状；f—后期充填的基质为铁泥质氧化物，相邻角砾基本能嵌合，角砾状瘤体大小差异大，形态不规则）
Figure 2. Features of nodular limestone
图 3 瘤状灰岩成因模式
(A)差异压实—压溶成因：1—半固结或弱固结状态下的薄层灰质层与薄层泥质层互层沉积物；2—灰质层经压实作用被拉长变薄，发生细颈化；3—开阔台地相或滩后澙湖相接受进一步压实，细颈化的灰质层被压断，边缘局部溶解、圆化，形成扁豆状、疙瘩状瘤体，部分瘤体受差异压实—压溶作用而发生短距离剪切位错，形成断续状、杂乱状瘤状灰岩，台地前缘斜坡相则发生滑塌作用，形成串珠状瘤状灰岩
(B)暴露成因：4—半固结的含泥碳酸盐沉积物；5—地壳隆升，海水退出，沉积物间歇性暴露地表形成网脉状、不规则状裂隙；6—黏土物质经水流作用充填于裂隙中，胶结先期形成的灰岩碎块形成瘤状构造，后期经受风化溶蚀而成蜂巢状Figure 3. Genetic models of nodular limestone
-
[1] 董兆雄, 朱晓惠, 侯方浩, 等.一种特殊瘤状灰岩的成因研究[J].沉积学报, 2002, 20(1):20~24. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CJXB200201003.htmDONG Zhao-xiong, ZHU Xiao-hui, HOU Fang-hao, et al. Study on origin of special nodular limestone[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2002, 20(1):20~24. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CJXB200201003.htm [2] 夏丹, 汪凯明, 罗顺社, 等.燕山地区高于庄组张家峪亚组瘤状灰岩成因研究[J].石油地质与工程, 2009, 23(1):4~7. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYHN200901005.htmXIA Dan, WANG Kai-ming, LUO Shun-she, et al. Study on genesis of knollenkalk at Zhangjiayu subgroup of Gaoyuzhuang Group at Yanshan area[J]. Petroleum Geology and Engineering, 2009, 23(1):4~7. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYHN200901005.htm [3] 张霞, 林春明, 凌洪飞, 等.浙西地区奥陶系砚瓦山组瘤状灰岩及其成因探讨[J].古地理学报, 2009, 11(5):481~490. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GDLX200905004.htmZHANG Xia, LIN Chun-ming, LING Hong-fei, et al. Nodular limestone and its genesis from the Ordovician Yanwashan Formation in western Zhejiang Province[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2009, 11(5):481~490. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GDLX200905004.htm [4] 云南省地质矿产局.云南省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社, 1990.Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development of Yunnan Province. Regional geology of Yunnan Province[M]. Beijing:Geological Publishing House, 1990. [5] 时言, 龚大明.滇西保山施甸地区泥盆系研究新知[J].成都地质学院学报, 1992, 19(3):21~34. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CDLG199203002.htmSHI Yan, GONG Da-ming. Advances of Devonian research in Baoshan-Shidian area, western Yunnan[J]. Journal of Chengdu College of Geology, 1992, 19(3):21~34. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CDLG199203002.htm [6] LIU Ben-pei, FENG Qing-lai, FANG Nian-qiao. Tectonic evolution of the Palaeo-Tethys in Changning-Menglian Belt and adjacent Regions, Western Yunnan[J]. Journal of China University of Geosciences, 1991, 2(1):18~28. [7] Mullins H T, Wilber R J, Bardmen M R. Nodular carbonate sediment on Bahamian slopes[J]. Sediment Petrol, 1980, 50(1):117~138. http://archives.datapages.com/data/sepm/journals/v47-50/data/050/050001/0117.htm?q=%2BauthorStrip%3Aboardman+authorStrip%3Awillhite [8] 孙庆峰.结核状碳酸盐岩研究综述[J].上海地质, 2005, (4):62~67. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SHAD200504020.htmSUN Qing-feng. On nodular limestones[J]. Shanghai Geology, 2005, (4):62~67. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SHAD200504020.htm [9] 韩树芬.安微沿长江地区下三叠统瘤状灰岩成因研究[J].地质科学, 1983, (3):232~238. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKX198303003.htmHAN Shu-fen.[J]. Study on the genesis of the Lower Triassic nodular limestone in the area along Yangtze River in Anhui Province[J]. Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1983, (3):232~238. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKX198303003.htm [10] Mullins H T, Neumann A C, Wilber R J, et al. Nodular carbonate sediment on Bahamian slopes:Possible precursors to nodular limestones[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 1980, 50(1):117~131. http://archives.datapages.com/data/sepm/journals/v47-50/data/050/050001/0117.htm?q=%2BauthorStrip%3Aboardman+authorStrip%3Awillhite [11] Rais P, Louis Schmid B, Bernasconi S M, et al. Palaeocean ographic and palaeoclimatic reorganization around the Middle Late Jurassic transition[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimat ology, Palaeoecology, 2007, 251:527~546. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.05.008 [12] 蓝光志, 张廷山, 高卫东.川西北地区早志留世瘤状灰岩的类型、成因及意义[J].西南石油学院学报, 1994, 16(3):1~5. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XNSY403.000.htmLAN Guang-zhi, ZHANG Ting-shan, GAO Wei-dong. The types, genesis and significance of the Early Silurian nodular limestone in the area of northwestern Sichuan[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute, 1994, 16(3):1~5. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XNSY403.000.htm [13] 朱洪发, 王恕一.苏南、皖南三叠纪瘤状灰岩、蠕虫状灰岩的成因[J].石油实验地质, 1992, 14(4):454~460. doi: 10.11781/sysydz199204454ZHU Hong-fa, WANG Shu-yi. The origins of the Triassic nodular and vermicular limestones in south Jiangsu-south Anhui provinces[J]. Experimental Petroleum Geology, 1992, 14(4):454~460. doi: 10.11781/sysydz199204454 [14] 郭福生, 梁鼎新.浙江江山砚瓦山组瘤状灰岩的成因[J].矿物岩石, 1993, 13(3):74~80. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KWYS199303011.htmGUO Fu-sheng, LIANG Ding-xin. Genesis of the nodular limestone in Washan Formation in Jiangshanyan, Zhejiang Province[J]. Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology, 1993, 13(3):74~80. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KWYS199303011.htm [15] 冯增昭, 王英华, 李尚武, 等.下扬子地区中下三叠统青龙群岩相古地理研究[M].昆明:云南科技出版社, 1988:1~69.FENG Zeng-zhao, WANG Ying-hua, LI Shang-wu, et al. Research on lithofacies palaeogeography of the Lower-Middle Triassic Qinglong Group in the lower Yangtze region[M]. Kunming:Yunnan Science and Technology Press, 1988:1~69. [16] 郭福生.下扬子地区三叠系下统瘤状灰岩成因研究[J].华东地质学院学报, 1989, 12(4):17~22.GUO Fu-sheng. Study on the genesis of the Lower Triassic nodular limestone in the lower Yangtze region[J]. Journal of East China College of Geology, 1989, 12(4):17~22. [17] 金振奎, 冯增昭.云贵地区二叠系瘤石灰岩的成因[J].岩石矿物学杂志, 1994, 13(2):133~137. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSKW402.004.htmJIN Zhen-kui, FENG Zeng-zhao. The origin of the Permian nodular limestones in Yunnan-Guizhou region[J]. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica, 1994, 13(2):133~137. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSKW402.004.htm [18] 黄勇, 邓贵标, 彭成龙, 等.滇西保山南部早中奥陶世沉积缺失的发现及意义[J].贵州地质, 2009, 26(1):1~6. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GZDZ200901003.htmHUANG Yong, DENG Gui-biao, Peng Cheng-long, et al. The discovery and significance of absence in Early-Middle Ordovician in southern Baoshan, western Yunnan[J]. Guizhou Geology, 2009, 26(1):1~6. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GZDZ200901003.htm [19] 陆松年.初论"泛华夏造山作用"与加里东和泛非造山作用的对比[J].地质通报, 2004, 23(9):952~958. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZQYD2004Z2018.htmLU Song-nian. Comparison of the Pan-Cathaysian orogeny with the Caledonian and Pan-African orogenies[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 2004, 23(9):952~958. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZQYD2004Z2018.htm [20] Wopfner H. Gondwana origin of the Baoshan and Tengchong terrenes of west Yunnan[C]//Hall R, Blundel D. Tectonic evolution of Suntheast Asia. London:Geological Society, 1996:539~547. [21] Yin A, Harrison T M. Geologic evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogeny[J]. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 2000, 28:211~280. doi: 10.1146/annurev.earth.28.1.211 [22] 钟大赉.滇川西部古特提斯造山带[M].北京:科学出版社, 1998.ZHONG Da-ben. Palaeo-Tethysides in the west of Yunnan and Sichuan provinces[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 1998. [23] 陈福坤, 李秋立, 王秀丽, 等.云南特提斯带保山-腾冲地块早古生代岩浆岩[J].地球学报, 2005, 26(增刊):93. http://cpfd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CPFDTOTAL-ZGDJ200509001031.htmCHEN Fu-kun, LI Qiu-li, WANG Xiu-li, et al. Early Paleozoic magmatism in Baoshan-Tengchong block of the Tethyan belt, Yunnan Province[J]. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 2005, 26(Supp.):93. http://cpfd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CPFDTOTAL-ZGDJ200509001031.htm -
下载:
点击查看大图
图(3)
计量
- 文章访问数: 274
- HTML全文浏览量: 176
- PDF下载量: 11
- 被引次数: 0
