GENESIS OF NODULAR LIMESTONE IN THE UPPER CAMBRIAN BAOSHAN FORMATION IN WESTERN YUNNAN PROVINCE
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摘要: 从瘤体与基质的矿物组成、岩石的结构构造出发，深入探讨了滇西施甸地区保山组瘤状灰岩的沉积环境及其形成机理。研究表明，滇西施甸地区上寒武统保山组瘤状灰岩存在3种成因：一种是呈互层状的泥质和灰质沉积物在半固结或弱固结状态下，经差异压实-压溶作用而形成瘤状构造，岩石中各组分含量及后期压溶作用强度的差异导致了瘤状灰岩不同的存在形式；另一种是泥质和灰质沉积物在半固结或弱固结状态下经斜坡滑塌作用形成串珠状、砾屑状灰岩；第三种则是泥灰质沉积层间歇性地暴露干裂，移位磨蚀，并被后期沉积物充填胶结形成瘤状灰岩。Abstract: In this paper, the depositional environment and formation mechanism of the nodular limestone from the Under Cambrian Baoshan Formation in Shidian region, western Yunnan Province was discussed on the basis of mineral components, texture and structure of the node and matrix. Researches show that there are three origins of the nodular limestone in the study area. The first is that the semi-consolidate or weak-consolidate mud and carbonate sediment is altered into the nodular structure by the differential compaction and pressure solution, and the occurrence mode of the nodular limestone is determined by the content of compositions of rock and the pressure solution intensity. The second is that the semi-consolidate or weak-consolidate mud and carbonate sediment is altered into the shoestring and rudaceous nodular limestone by the slope slumping. The third is that the argillo calcareous sediment with exposure and cracking is cemented into the nodular limestone by sediment filling.
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图 1 研究区大地构造位置图
Ⅰ—腾冲地块；Ⅱ—保山地块；Ⅲ—昌宁地块；Ⅳ—思茅地块；Ⅴ—扬子地块；Ⅵ—研究区；①—怒江断裂；②—柯街断裂；③—澜沧江断裂；④—阿墨江断裂；⑤—哀牢山断裂；⑥—红河断裂
Figure 1. Structural location of the study area
图 2 瘤状灰岩特征
a, b—差异压实-压溶的瘤状灰岩（a—瘤体呈扁豆状、长透镜状、疙瘩状；b—网纹状瘤状灰岩）；c—瘤状灰岩内部，三叶虫化石切过瘤体与基质的界面，保存完好；d—斜坡滑塌作用形成的瘤状灰岩（塑性大的黏土物质发生侧向流动，揉皱变形形成似流动构造，固结早、脆性大的碳酸盐岩破碎呈砾块，被黏土物质包绕而形成串珠状、砾屑状瘤状灰岩）；e, f—暴露成因的瘤状灰岩（e—瘤状灰岩的表面被风化溶蚀后呈蜂巢状；f—后期充填的基质为铁泥质氧化物，相邻角砾基本能嵌合，角砾状瘤体大小差异大，形态不规则）
Figure 2. Features of nodular limestone
图 3 瘤状灰岩成因模式
(A)差异压实—压溶成因：1—半固结或弱固结状态下的薄层灰质层与薄层泥质层互层沉积物；2—灰质层经压实作用被拉长变薄，发生细颈化；3—开阔台地相或滩后澙湖相接受进一步压实，细颈化的灰质层被压断，边缘局部溶解、圆化，形成扁豆状、疙瘩状瘤体，部分瘤体受差异压实—压溶作用而发生短距离剪切位错，形成断续状、杂乱状瘤状灰岩，台地前缘斜坡相则发生滑塌作用，形成串珠状瘤状灰岩
(B)暴露成因：4—半固结的含泥碳酸盐沉积物；5—地壳隆升，海水退出，沉积物间歇性暴露地表形成网脉状、不规则状裂隙；6—黏土物质经水流作用充填于裂隙中，胶结先期形成的灰岩碎块形成瘤状构造，后期经受风化溶蚀而成蜂巢状Figure 3. Genetic models of nodular limestone
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