RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF THE COUPLING EFFECT OF SEEPAGE AND STRESS ON RESERVOIR FRACTURES
-
摘要: 裂缝是影响储层高产、稳产的重要因素,而储层处在复杂的地质环境中,裂缝的形成和发育受众多因素的影响,研究各因素间的耦合作用对储层裂缝发育的影响,对指导油气勘探开发具有重要意义。为此,针对任丘油田任11井区雾迷山组碳酸盐岩储层进行了渗流-应力耦合作用对储层裂缝发育的影响研究。研究结果表明:未考虑渗流-应力耦合作用时,研究区最大水平主应力范围为82~100 MPa,从西南到东北逐渐增大;最小水平主应力范围为72~88 MPa,从研究区中心向西南、东北两侧逐渐递增;考虑耦合作用后,研究区最大水平主应力范围为84~102 MPa,最小水平主应力范围为76~91 MPa,最大及最小水平主应力增加。渗流-应力耦合作用后,研究区裂缝发育指数分布在0.027~1.156之间,山头顶部和近东西向断层的内部区域裂缝发育指数在0.7左右,为裂缝较发育区域;而研究区西南和东北边缘区域裂缝发育指数在0.2以下,为裂缝欠发育区域。随着耦合作用时间的增长,储层裂缝发育指数逐渐增大,在注入井和产油井附近区域的裂缝发育指数增大幅度尤为明显;储层裂缝线密度也呈增大趋势,仅产油井周围的裂缝线密度呈现为先减小后增大的趋势;未考虑耦合作用时的储层裂缝参数小于考虑耦合作用后的裂缝参数,说明仅考虑应力场进行储层裂缝预测所得结果偏小。Abstract: Fracture is an important factor affecting the high and stable yield of reservoir, which lies in a complex geological environment. The formation and development of fractures are influenced by numerous factors; therefore, it is of great significance to study the effect of coupling among factors on reservoir fracture development for guiding petroleum exploration and development. In this study, the effect of seepage-stress coupling on fracture development of Wumishan Formation carbonate reservoir in Well Ren 11 area of Renqiu Oilfield is studied, and the results show that:Without considering the seepage-stress coupling effect, the maximum horizontal principal stress in the study area ranges from 82 MPa to 100 MPa, which gradually increases from southwest to northeast; the minimum horizontal principal stress ranges from 72 MPa to 88 MPa, which gradually increases from the center of the study area to the southwest and northeast. After considering the coupling effect, the maximum horizontal principal stress ranges from 84 MPa to 102 MPa, and the minimum from 76 MPa to 91 MPa. The horizontal principal stress increases after seepage-stress coupling is considered. After the coupling effect, fracture development index of the study area is mainly distributed between 0.027 and 1.156. The fracture development index of the top of the hilltop and the inner area of near the W-E fault is about 0.7, which is a relatively developed area, while the fracture development index of southwest and northeast marginal areas is less than 0.2, which is considered to be an underdeveloped area. With the increase of coupling time, the reservoir fracture development index increases gradually and it increases obviously in the area near the injection well and the oil production well. The fracture linear density of the whole reservoir also shows an increasing trend, only the fracture linear density around the oil production well shows a tendency to decrease first and then increase; The fracture parameters in the reservoir without consideration of coupling effect are smaller than that with consideration, which indicates that the results obtained from fracture prediction only based on stress field are on the small side.
-
Key words:
- coupling effect /
- reservoir fractures /
- seepage /
- stress
-
松潘—甘孜造山带位于中国四川省西部、青藏高原东北部,形成于古特提斯洋的闭合阶段[1],造山带的主要变形过程发生在晚三叠世的印支运动末期,自晚三叠世特提斯洋闭合,造山带经历了强烈的“双向挤压”作用[2],松潘—甘孜造山带内广泛出露中生代花岗岩,岩体多侵入三叠系地层中[3],关于松潘—甘孜造山带的研究可以为造山带岩浆产生机制、大陆碰撞过程,壳幔相互作用方式、地壳加厚隆升、造山带的伸展垮塌及裂谷—盆地演化等领域提供重要启示和依据[4]。目前对该岩体的研究程度还很低,《四川省区域地质志》[5]测得塔公岩体的K-Ar同位素年龄为134~136 Ma;胡健民[6]锆石U-Pb定年结果为(214.8±2.5)Ma;王全伟[7]锆石(LA-ICP-MS)测年结果为(227.1±5.0)Ma,测年结果相去甚远。此外已有研究对该岩体的岩性认识上也有差异。为了确定岩体的岩性、地球化学特征和侵位时代,文章对松林口岩体做了详细研究,尽可能的从大地构造背景、岩体化学特征、年代学证据等方面探讨松林口岩体的成因与地质意义。
1. 地质概况及岩石学特征
松林口岩体位于松潘—甘孜造山带中东部、紧邻鲜水河左行走滑断裂带,地理坐标东经101°30′56″,北纬30°14′58″。岩体为近东西向展布的椭圆形岩株。出露于康定市塔公乡东南附近,北起康藏公路三十四道班,南至曲莫公,东起鄂拉托,西至外乌锡,长12 km,宽约8 km,面积近100 km2。岩体侵位于新都桥组地层中,野外由于掩盖严重,围岩与岩体的接触界线难以观察,围岩发育堇青石角岩、电气石角岩等接触变质岩,确定为侵入接触。所采集样品岩性为深灰色细粒花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩(见图 1),花岗闪长岩由斜长石(35%)、钾长石(10%)、普通角闪石(15%)、黑云母(30%)、石英(5%)及少量副矿物组成;二长花岗岩由斜长石(25%)、钾长石(20%)、普通角闪石(5%)、黑云母(20%)、石英(25%)及副矿物组成。斜长石为自形—半自形板状,粒径0.3~1.8 mm,可见聚片双晶发育和包晶含长结构;普通角闪石为自形柱状,横截面为多边形粒状,粒径0.2~2 mm,绿色,多色性明显,斜消光,可见两组解理发育;黑云母棕褐色片状,片径0.3~2 mm;石英它形粒状,粒径0.2~1 mm。
2. 样品采集及分析方法
采集锆石U-Pb定年样品两件(SN1、SN2),全岩化学分析样品5件,其中岩体边部花岗闪长岩样品3件,靠岩体中部二长花岗岩样品2件。
用于锆石U-Pb定年的样品破碎及锆石挑选由河北省区域地质调查大队地质实验室完成;制靶与阴极发光分析由西安瑞石地质科技有限公司完成;锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄测定在西北大学大陆动力学国家重点实验室完成。锆石U-Pb定年采用Varian820-MS四级杆等离子体质谱仪,激光剥蚀系统为GeoLas2005。样品主、微量元素分析在中国地质科学院矿产综合利用研究所进行。主量元素主要采用传统仪器分析方法进行定量分析,参照硅酸盐岩石化学分析方法,同时采用熔片X-射线荧光光谱法和等离子体光电直读光谱分析法。微量及稀土元素大都采用等离子质谱法测定,Cr、Zr、Ga同时也采用压片法X-射线荧光光谱法,其中Ag、Sn、B采用发射光谱法测定,As、Sb、Bi采用原子荧光光谱法测定。总体分析误差小于5%,详细操作方法见刘亚轩等[8]。
3. 分析结果
3.1 锆石U-Pb年龄
所采集的锆石U-Pb定年样品SN1、SN2,岩性分别为花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩,样品锆石多为自形粒状、长柱状,长宽比一般不大于3:1,从CL阴极发光图像可见锆石具有震荡环带结构,Th含量为8.02×10-6,U含量为1.6×10-6,Th/U比值约5.01,为明显的岩浆锆石特征[9]。样品SN1共分析30个测点,得到锆石206Pb/238U年龄除9号点(185 Ma±2 Ma)和29号点(433 Ma±5 Ma)外,其余测试点变化于(208 ma±2 Ma)和(215 Ma±2 Ma)之间,锆石年龄频数分布见图 2,加权平均值为(212.4 Ma±0.9 Ma)(MSWD=0.66)(见图 3),代表了本区石英闪长岩的结晶年龄。样品SN2共分析30个测点,获得锆石的206Pb/238U年龄在201.6~245 Ma之间,除去3号(201.6 Ma±2.5 Ma)、11号(246.7 Ma±3.4 Ma)、26号(203.6 Ma±3.2 Ma)、28号(245 Ma±3.1 Ma)4个不谐和点,获得26个测点的加权平均年龄值为(222.4 Ma±1.1 Ma)(MSWD=0.39),代表了二长花岗岩的结晶年龄,锆石年龄谐和图和加权平均年龄见图 4。
根据岩体不同部位的年龄结果,二长花岗岩为(222.4±1.1)Ma,花岗闪长岩为(212.6±1.0)Ma,显示二长花岗岩形成要早,岩体由内至外年龄由老到新,中部岩体与边部岩体的年龄值相差约10 Ma。
3.2 主量元素地球化学特征
5件岩石样品的SiO2含量在56.56%~61.97%之间,平均59.66%;全碱含量3.78~5.38,平均4.63;K2O/Na2O=1.02~1.68,平均1.32,在SiO2-K2O图解(图 5)中,样品落在高钾钙碱性系列与中钾钙碱性系列界线附近,显示富钾的特征;Al2O3含量14.65%~16.09%,平均15.54%。里特曼指数σ=1.194~1.612,均小于3.3,为钙碱性岩石系列特征。铝饱和指数A/CNK=0.93~1.05,平均值0.97,在A/NK-A/CNK图解(图 6)中投点于准铝质范围内或附近。因此,松林口岩体属高钾钙碱性准铝质岩石。
3.3 微量元素地球化学特征
来自岩体的花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩样品的ΣREE=104.93×10-6~194.14×10-6之间,轻重稀土比值LREE/HREE=5.22~7.13,(La/Yb)N比值为6.93~8.96,轻、重稀土分异较明显。δEu=0.20~0.24,平均值0.22,具有较强的负铕异常。花岗岩体的稀土配分型式总体较一致,为轻稀土富集的右倾型配分形式。总体上,松林口石英闪长岩的Rb、Ba、Th、La、Sr、Sm等元素具有较明显的正异常特征,K、Nb、Ce、P、Hf、Ti等元素具显著的负异常。Rb、Ba等大离子亲石元素富集,Hf、Ti等高场强元素相对亏损。P和Ti在岩浆中易于形成独立矿物(磷灰石、钛铁矿),岩石中总体P、Ti强烈亏损,可能与这些矿物的结晶分离有关。造成Sr、Ba和Eu元素的负异常原因可能有斜长石残留在岩浆源区,表明岩浆形成时熔融不彻底。
4. 讨论
4.1 岩体形成时代
印支末期松潘—甘孜造山带岩浆活动十分剧烈,带内的花岗岩浆侵入活动主要发生在晚古生代—中生代早期、中生代中—晚期和新生代3个时期[7]。此次获得到的花岗闪长岩样品SN1锆石206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为(212.4±0.9)Ma(MSWD=0.66);二长花岗岩样品SN2锆石206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为(222.4±1.1)Ma(MSWD=0.39),两个岩体形成时代均为晚三叠世,与区域上大量中生代花岗岩的形成时代一致。单个独立的侵入体从岩浆形成直至锆石U-Pb同位素体系封闭经历的时间不超过1 Ma[10],而研究的松林口二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄相差约10 Ma,说明该岩体不是同一期次岩浆演化形成的,可能是两种岩体由同一源区向上侵位的不同期次就位形成的,二长花岗岩先侵位,花岗闪长岩后侵位。
4.2 岩体成因与源区特征
由主量元素特征可知,松林口二长花岗岩—花岗闪长岩体主要为准铝质,岩石中可见典型Ⅰ型花岗岩的矿物:角闪石(S型花岗岩通常不会有这类矿物[11]),缺少白云母、石榴石和堇青石等铝质矿物;岩石SiO2含量为56.56%~61.97%;具有较高含量的K2O,Na2O/K2O比值小于1;A/CNK比值为0.93~1.05;里特曼指数σ=1.194~1.612;Mg#值较高(50.97~61.27),说明岩浆可能来源于镁铁质含量较高的下地壳物质成分。根据王德滋[12]提出的元素Rb在成熟度高的地壳中富集,在成熟度低的地壳中Sr元素相对富集,可以运用w(Rb)/w(Sr)来反映岩浆源区物质的性质,在S型花岗岩w(Rb)/w(Sr)>0.9;Ⅰ型花岗岩w(Rb)/w(Sr)<0.9,样品的w(Rb)/w(Sr)为0.12~0.25,平均0.19,显示Ⅰ型花岗岩的特点。与新疆苏盖提力克强过铝质S型花岗岩不同[13],松林口岩体的这些主微量元素特征均指示为Ⅰ型花岗岩类型。
4.3 构造环境及地质意义
在Rb-(Y+Nb)图解中,所选5件样品投点于后碰撞构造环境花岗岩区域内(图 7);Pearce et al[14]指出,由于成岩物质来源的不同,后碰撞环境的花岗岩类在Rb-(Y+Nb)图解中可能投点于火山弧花岗岩(VAG)区域右上部至同碰撞花岗岩(syn-COLG)区域右下侧的区域。蔡宏明[4]按照构造环境,将松潘—甘孜造山带内中生代的花岗岩分为同碰撞花岗岩(243~227 Ma)和后碰撞花岗岩(219~210 Ma)。对于松林口二长花岗岩—花岗闪长岩体的形成构造环境,结合已往的认识, 研究认为松林口中—高钾钙碱性准铝质二长花岗岩—花岗闪长复合岩体形成于大陆后碰撞环境。可能指示晚三叠世陆-陆碰撞致使地壳增厚,下部地层发生滑脱形成大型拆离断层,下地壳铁镁质物质在剪切热的作用下发生局部熔融,形成Ⅰ型花岗岩类[15]。
5. 结论
(1) 结合岩石学、矿物学、地球化学研究,确定松林口岩体是由边部花岗闪长岩和中部二长花岗岩组成的复式岩体,岩体侵入三叠系新都桥组地层。
(2) 通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年方法,获得花岗闪长岩锆石206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为(212.4±0.9)Ma(MSWD=0.66),二长花岗岩锆石206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为(222.4±1.1)Ma(MSWD=0.39),表面松林口复式岩体为两期次岩浆活动的产物,中部二长花岗岩形成更早,侵位时代为晚三叠世。
(3) 松林口岩体属于中—高钾钙碱性Ⅰ型花岗岩,形成于后碰撞的构造环境,是晚三叠世陆-陆碰撞致使造山带地壳增厚,下地壳铁镁质物质发生部分熔融形成的。
责任编辑:范二平 -
表 1 模型参数取值
Table 1. Parameter values of the model
区域 力学参数 渗流参数 弹性模量
/MPa泊松比 密度
/(kg/m3)孔隙度
/%渗透率
/×10-3 μm2流体密度
/(kg/m3)流体粘度
/(mPa·s)断层 23090.04 0.258 2070 9.75 124.34 888.7 8.21 研究区内非断层 28862.55 0.224 2300 6.50 1.2434 888.7 8.21 研究区外围 34625.06 0.180 2530 6.50 1.2434 888.7 8.21 表 2 任28井雾迷山组裂缝密度与深度关系表
Table 2. The relationship between the crack density and depth of the Well Ren28
井段/
m孔隙度/
%缝洞面孔率/
%缝密度/
条/m统计结果[19] 3212~3274 3.45 3.28 135 3274~3321 1.27 0.74 92 模拟结果 3170~3330 107 -
[1] MURRAY G H. Quantitative fracture study, Sanish pool, Mckenzie county, North Dakota[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1968, 52(1):57-65. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=ce57aad47595063c87587ff1dfd28c55&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn [2] 季宗镇, 戴俊生, 王军, 等.塔河油田二叠系火山岩储集层裂缝参数模拟[J].新疆石油地质, 2010, 31(2):142-145. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/xjsydz201002010JI Zongzhen, DAI Junsheng, WANG Jun, et al. Simulation of fracture parameters of Permian volcanic reservoir in Tahe oil field, Tarim basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2010, 31(2):142-145. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/xjsydz201002010 [3] 宋璠, 苏妮娜, 冯建伟, 等.基于摩擦效应的砂岩裂缝密度定量预测[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 38(6):1-8. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5005.2014.06.001SONG Pan, SU Nina, FENG Jianwei, et al. Quantitative prediction of fracture density based on friction effect[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum (Edition of Natural Science), 2014, 38(6):1-8. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5005.2014.06.001 [4] 雷刚林, 戴俊生, 马玉杰, 等.库车坳陷克深三维区现今地应力场及储层裂缝数值模拟[J].大庆石油地质与开发, 2015, 34(1):18-23. doi: 10.3969/J.ISSN.1000-3754.2015.01.004LEI Ganglin, DAI Junsheng, Ma Yujie, et al. Numerical simulation of the current stress field and reservoir fracture in Keshen 3D area of Kuqa depression[J]. Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2015, 34(1):18-23. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/J.ISSN.1000-3754.2015.01.004 [5] 祖克威, 程秀申, 罗周亮, 等.复杂碳酸盐岩储层裂缝预测方法对比性研究[J].地质力学学报, 2018, 24(4):465-473. http://journal.geomech.ac.cn/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20180403&flag=1ZU Kewei, CHENG Xiushen, LUO Zhouliang, et al. The comparative analysis of different methods for fracture prediction in complex carbonate rock reservoir[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 2018, 24(4):465-473. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://journal.geomech.ac.cn/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20180403&flag=1 [6] 赵向原, 胡向阳, 肖开华, 等.川西彭州地区雷口坡组碳酸盐岩储层裂缝特征及主控因素[J].石油与天然气地质, 2018, 39(1):30-39, 152. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/syytrqdz201801004ZHAO Xiangyuan, HU Xiangyang, XIAO Kaihua, et al. Characteristics and major control factors of natural fractures in carbonate reservoirs of Leikoupo Formation in Pengzhou area, western Sichuan Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2018, 39(1):30-39, 152. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/syytrqdz201801004 [7] 周巨标, 石先达, 丁玉盛, 等.金湖凹陷天96断块阜二段储层裂缝多参数定量预测[J].地质力学学报, 2015, 21(3):341-350. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6616.2015.03.004ZHOU Jubiao, SHI Xianda, DING Yusheng, et al. The multi-parameter quantitative prediction of Reservoir fracture of fu-2 member in Tian 96 fault block of Jinhu sag[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 2015, 21(3):341-350. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6616.2015.03.004 [8] 王珂, 戴俊生, 冯阵东, 等.砂泥岩间互地层等效岩石力学参数计算模型及其应用[J].地质力学学报, 2013, 19(2):143-151. http://journal.geomech.ac.cn/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20130204&flag=1WANG Ke, DAI Junsheng, FENG Zhendong, et al. Calculating model of equivalent rock mechanical parameters of sand-mud interbed and its application[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 2013, 19(2):143-151. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://journal.geomech.ac.cn/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20130204&flag=1 [9] 张冲, 周文, 谢润成, 等.大牛地气田马五1-2致密碳酸盐岩储层平缓构造带裂缝预测[J].东北石油大学学报, 2014, 38(3):9-17. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4107.2014.03.002ZHANG Chong, ZHOU Wen, XIE Runcheng, et al. Fracture prediction of the Ma51-2 tight carbonate reservoir in gentle structure zone, Daniudi gas field[J]. Journal of Northeast Petroleum University, 2014, 38(3):9-17. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4107.2014.03.002 [10] 赵延林, 曹平, 赵阳升, 等.双重介质温度场-渗流场-应力场耦合模型及三维数值研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2007, 26(S2):4024-4031. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-YSLX2007S2063.htmZHAO Yanlin, CAO Ping, ZHAO Yangsheng, et al. Dual media model for thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling and 3D numerical simulation[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2007, 26(S2):4024-4031. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-YSLX2007S2063.htm [11] 张彦洪, 柴军瑞.岩体离散裂隙网络渗流应力耦合分析[J].应用基础与工程科学学报, 2012, 20(2):253-262. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0930.2012.02.009ZHANG Yanhong, CHAI Junrui. Stress-fluid coupling analysis in fractured rock mass with the theory of discrete fracture networks[J]. Journal of Basic Science and Engineering, 2012, 20(2):253-262. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0930.2012.02.009 [12] 柴军瑞.岩体渗流-应力-温度三场耦合的连续介质模型[J].红水河, 2003, 22(2):18-20. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-408X.2003.02.005CHAI Junrui. Continuum model for coupled seepage, stress and temperature fields in rock mass[J]. Hongshui River, 2003, 22(2):18-20. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-408X.2003.02.005 [13] 王瑞, 沈振中, 陈孝兵.基于COMSOL Multiphysics的高拱坝渗流-应力全耦合分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2013, 32(S2):3197-3204. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/yslxygcxb2013z2028WANG Rui, SHEN Zhenzhong, CHEN Xiaobing. Full coupled analysis of seepage-stress fields for high arch dam based on COMSOL Multiphysics[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2013, 32(S2):3197-3204. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/yslxygcxb2013z2028 [14] 季宗镇, 戴俊生, 汪必峰, 等.构造裂缝多参数定量计算模型[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2010, 34(1):24-28. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/sydxxb201001005JI Zongzhen, DAI Junsheng, WANG Bifeng, et al. Multi-parameter quantitative calculation model for tectonic fracture[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum (Edition of Natural Science), 2010, 34(1):24-28. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/sydxxb201001005 [15] 李静.任丘潜山型碳酸盐岩储层微观分析及裂缝预测研究[D].青岛: 中国石油大学(华东), 2011.LI Jing. Research on microcosmic analysis and fracture prediction of carbonate reservoirs, Renqiu buried hills[D]. Qingdao: China University of Petroleum (East China), 2011. (in Chinese with English abstract) [16] 王定一, 梁苏娟.任丘大油田形成与变换带演化[J].石油与天然气地质, 2001, 22(1):9-12. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0253-9985.2001.01.002WANG Dingyi, LIANG Sujuan. Evolution of transformation belt and formation of big oilfield in Renqiu[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2001, 22(1):9-12. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0253-9985.2001.01.002 [17] 陈国达, 费宝生.任丘潜山油田的基本地质特征及其形成的大地构造背景[J].石油实验地质, 1983, 5(4):241-249. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-SYSD198304000.htmCHEN Guoda, FEI Baosheng. Typical features and geqtectonic background of the formation of the Renqiu buried-hill oilfield[J]. Experimental Petroleum Geology, 1983, 5(4):241-249. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-SYSD198304000.htm [18] 费宝生, 汪建红.中国海相油田勘探实例之三-渤海湾盆地任丘古潜山大油田的发现与勘探[J].海相油气地质, 2005, 10(3):43-50. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-9854.2005.03.007FEI Baosheng, WANG Jianhong. Cases of discovery and exploration of marine fields in China (part 3):Renqiu buried-hill oilfield, Bohaiwan basin[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 2005, 10(3):43-50. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-9854.2005.03.007 [19] 余家仁.任丘古潜山碳酸盐岩储集层缝洞孔分布规律的探讨[J].石油勘探与开发, 1987, 14(3):52-61. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SKYK198703007.htmYU Jiaren. A discussion on the distribution pattern of fissures, vugs and pores in Renqiu buried hill carbonate reservoir[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 1987, 14(3):52-61. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SKYK198703007.htm -