BASIN TYPES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF BASIN GROUPS IN EAST ASIA
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摘要: 东亚地区区域构造经历了多期复杂的演化过程，印支期东亚大陆的地质格局基本形成，燕山期作为重要的构造变革期，在盆地形成演化过程中发挥着重要的作用。根据东亚地区燕山期以来盆地所受三向应力的作用机制（拉张、挤压）以及这种机制对前期盆地的改造程度，考虑盆地自身的地质演化历史，结合前人对沉积盆地类型划分方案的研究成果，将东亚地区沉积盆地划分为6个类型，即克拉通盆地、陆内挤压挠曲盆地、走滑拉分盆地、裂谷盆地、弧前盆地和弧后盆地；同时将不同盆地在成盆时间上"归位"于燕山期前和燕山期后，在平面分布上"归位"于构造域中，形成盆地群的概念，认为同一构造域内的盆地在盆地类型、盆地沉积层序、盆地演化历史等方面具有相对一致性，而在不同的构造域中盆地类型、盆地演化历史均存在一定差异。盆地群内部盆地的可比性和共性以及盆地群之间盆地的差异性的认识，对研究不同盆地的成因和演化具有重要的理论意义，同时为在东亚地区开展低勘探程度盆地的油气资源潜力评价奠定了盆地类比分析的基础。Abstract: Tectonic evolution in East Asia was polyphased and complicated. The geological framework of East Asia basically formed during Indo-Chinese epoch. As an important tectonic evolution stage, Yanshannian epoch played a significant role in the evolution and formation process of sedimerntary basins in East Asia. In this paper, sedimentary basins in East Asia were divided into 6 types based on the three-dimensional stress (extension or compression) and the reformation degree of basins due to this stress background since Yanshannian, considering the evolution history of the basin themselves, and combined with previous research achievements on basin types. They were cratonic basin, intracontinental compaction flexture basin, strike-slip pull-apart basin, rift basin, forearc basin and back-arc basin. Basins in East Asia are further classified into two groups according to their formation periods (before or since Yanshannian epoch) and into seven groups in space according to the tectonic domains, to which one basin belongs. This classification study showed that basins in one tectonic domain were compatible relatively to such as basin type, depositional sequence, evolution history and so on, and basins in different tectonic domains displayed definite differentiation on these respects. The results of comparability or the community of the basins in the same basin group and the diversity of basins among the different basin groups, have great theoretical meaning for understanding the genesis and evolution of different basins. At the same time, this study also lays the foundation of analogy analysis for evaluation of oil and gas resource potential in the basins with lower degree of exploration.
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Key words:
- East Asia /
- tectonic evolution /
- basin types /
- basin groups
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图 1 东亚地区印支期碰撞带示意图（改编自文献[10]）
亲西伯利亚陆块群：1—巴尔古津；2—雅布洛诺夫；3—图瓦—蒙古；4—艾瓦拉；5—中蒙古—额尔古纳
古中华陆块群：6—卡拉库姆；7—克孜勒库姆；8—科克切塔夫；9—伊塞克；10—巴尔喀什—伊犁；11—准噶尔；12—吐鲁番；13—达里甘嘎；14—扎兰屯；15—鄂伦春；16—结雅；17—敦煌；18—星星峡；19—旱山；20—雅干；21—托托尚；22—锡林浩特；23—松花江；24—布列亚—佳木斯；25—兴凯；26—西昆仑中央；27—甜水河；28—阿尔金；29—金水口；30—冷湖；31—欧龙布鲁克；32—中祁连；33—东秦岭中央；34—武当；35—大别；36—苏胶；37—京畿；38—昌都；39—若尔盖；40—中咱；41—印支—南海；43—云开；44—浙闽；45—岭南；46—飞弹；47—北上山
亲冈瓦纳陆块群：48—巴达赫尚；49—羌塘；50—中缅马苏；51—拉萨；52—喜马拉雅；53—黑濑川Figure 1. A Sketch map showing the collision belts during Indo-Chinese epoch in East Asia
图 2 燕山期以来东亚大陆动力学示意图[11]
Figure 2. A Skecth map of plates dynamic model in East Asia since Yanshannian Epoch
图 3 东亚地区构造域及沉积盆地类型分布
Figure 3. Distributions of tectonic domains and types of sedimentary basins in East Asia
表 1 东亚地区盆地类型
Table 1. Types of the basins in East Asia
表 2 东亚地区构造域与沉积盆地类型关系
Table 2. Relationship between tectonic domains and types of sedimentary basins in East Asia
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