华北临汾盆地中部柴庄上新世-更新世剖面沉积学特征及其构造意义

陈兴强; 施炜; 胡健民; 董树文

华北临汾盆地中部柴庄上新世-更新世剖面沉积学特征及其构造意义

陈兴强^{1, 2,},
施炜¹,
胡健民¹,
董树文³

1.
中国地质科学院地质力学研究所, 北京 100081
2.
北京大学地球与空间科学学院, 北京 100871
3.
南京大学地球科学与工程学院, 南京 210023

基金项目:

中国地质调查局地质调查项目“特殊地质地貌区填图试点” DD20160060

中国地质调查局地质调查项目“主要活动构造带关键地段区域质专项调查” 1212011120099

国家自然科学基金项目“鄂尔多斯地块周缘新生代断陷盆地形成机理” 41672203

详细信息

作者简介:
陈兴强(1986-), 男, 博士研究生, 构造地质学专业, 主要从事新生代沉积盆地演化过程研究。E-mail:cxq123111@163.com

中图分类号: P512.2;P546
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2016-09-16
- 刊出日期: 2016-12-28

SEDIMENTATION OF THE PLIOCENE-PLEISTOCENE CHAIZHUANG SECTION IN THE CENTRAL OF LINFEN BASIN, NORTH CHINA AND ITS TECTONIC SIGNIFICANCE

1.
Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
2.
School of Earth and Space Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
3.
School of Earth Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China

摘要

摘要: 临汾盆地位于华北克拉通汾渭地堑系中南部，是典型的受控于北东-南西向和近东西向正断层的晚新生代断陷盆地。沉积相、古水流和重矿物综合分析表明，盆地中部的柴庄新生界剖面除顶部的风成黄土之外，可以划分为3个岩性段，分别具有不同的物源，反映了不同时期的构造背景。第一岩性段为上新统（5.0~2.6 Ma），冲积扇和风成红黏土沉积，冲积扇碎屑物源为盆地周缘的灰岩等沉积岩类；第二岩性段为更新统下部（2.6~1.0 Ma），三角洲相沉积，沉积物来自盆地南缘中条山北部和东缘太行山西部的太古宇-下元古界的花岗片麻岩和片麻岩、上元古界-古生界的碳酸盐岩、中生界的陆源碎屑岩及少量不同时代的花岗岩；第三段为更新统中上部（ < 1.0 Ma），河流相沉积，主要物源为盆地北东缘太行山的花岗岩类、少量沉积岩和变质岩。结合区域应力演化过程认为，距今5.0~2.6 Ma期间，受北西-南东向伸展作用影响，北东-南西向正断层为盆地的主控断层；距今2.6~1.0 Ma时期，主要受到北东-南西伸展应力的影响，近东西向断层开始活动；距今1.0 Ma以来，沉积环境由三角洲和湖泊相转为河流相沉积，指示盆地发育的减弱，可能与后一期伸展应力的减弱有关。上述结果表明，受青藏高原向北东扩展的影响，汾渭地堑系至少经历了中新世晚期-上新世早期（>5 Ma）、2.6 Ma和1.0 Ma等主要构造转换时代。
- 临汾盆地 /
- 沉积相 /
- 物源 /
- 新构造 /
- 青藏高原
Abstract: Linfen Basin is located in middle-southern part of the Fenwei Graben systems, North China Craton. As a late Cenozoic rift basin, it was defined by the northeast-striking and east-striking normal faults. Comprehensive constraints of sedimentary facies and provenance of the Chaizhuang section in the middle part of the basin indicating that the section can be divided into three units with different source areas, with some loess on the top of the section. This may provide important clues for exploring the tectonic setting of the basin evolution. Unit 1 in Pliocene (5~2.6 Ma) was deposited in alluvial fan and eolian environment with the nearby sedimentary rocks (i.e. limestone) to be the main source rocks. Unit 2 in the lower part of the Pleistocene (2.6~1.0 Ma) was deposited in a delta environment with mixed source rocks shed from Taihang Mountains and Zhongtiao Mountains on the eastern and southeastern of the basin, which include the Archean-Palaeoproterozoic granitic gneiss and gneiss, Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic carbonatite, Mesozoic terrigenous clastic rocks and some granitoids. Unit 3 in the upper part of the Pleistocene ( < 1.0 Ma) was deposited in a fluvial environment with the acidic magmatic rocks derived from the Taihang Mountains on the northeastern of the basin. Combined with the late Cenozoic regional regime evolution of the Shanxi Graben, we proposed that the northeast-striking normal faults were strongly active in Pliocene and influenced by the transtensional stress regime under NW-SE extension. The east-striking faults seem to be active in early Pleistocene (2.6~1.0 Ma) and were influenced by the NE-SW extension. From 1.0 Ma, the fluvial replaced the delta and lacustrine sedimentary environments. This indicates that the basin evolution is not as strong as in early Pleistocene which may be a result of the weakening of the extension. All these clues indicate that the main tectonic transition ages in Fenwei Graben systems influenced by the Tibetan in Pliocene-Pleistocene may include Late Miocene-early Pliocene (5.0 Ma), 2.6 Ma and 1.0 Ma.
- Linfen Basin /
- sedimentary facies /
- Provenance /
- neotectonic /
- Tibetan Plateau

HTML全文

图 1 临汾盆地大地构造位置图^[8](a), 构造纲要图^[14](b)及区域地质简图(c)

Figure 1. A map showing tectonic location, structure outline and regional geology of the Linfen Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 临汾盆地柴庄剖面与LK10孔^[13]岩相图对比

Figure 2. Lithofacies comparison between Chaizhuang section and LK10 core in the Linfen Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 柴庄新生界剖面典型沉积学野外露头照片

a—块状沉积的砾石层, 颗粒支撑; b—块状沉积的红黏土及砂岩; c—含泥砾的粗砂层及板状斜层理砂岩; d—下部为质地均一而纯净的砂体, 上部为含炭屑灰黄色、灰绿色粉砂和黏土沉积; e—向上变粗的河流相沉积旋回, 照片下部和顶部(含贝壳化石)为含细砾粗砂岩, 向上为发育低角度斜层理中、细砂岩和块状层理的粉砂岩; f—板状斜层理砂岩; g—发育在河流相砂岩中哺乳动物化石

Figure 3. The field outcrop photos of the typical Cenozoic sedimentation in the Chaizhuang section

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 柴庄剖面重矿物含量(a)及重矿物组合含量(b)统计图

Figure 4. Statistical maps showing contents of detrital heavy minerals and their combination in Chaizhuang section

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

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