Abstract: This paper is a brief summary of the development of the mineral deposits in China. Since the foundation of the People's Republic of China, much progress has been achieved in the mineral exploration and exploitation, regional geological mapping, and geological science researches. The authors suggest that more studies should be done on the metallogenic theories, exploration methods, and regional and global metallogenic regularities in future, and more attention should be paid to the researches on mineral deposits in middle and western China, new types of mineral deposits, and mineral deposits in ocean.