川西松潘黄土发育特征与工程地质力学特性分析

沈亚麒; 郭长宝; 吴瑞安; 任三绍; 宿方睿; 张涛

川西松潘黄土发育特征与工程地质力学特性分析

沈亚麒^1,,
郭长宝^{1, 2, ,},
吴瑞安¹,
任三绍^{1, 3},
宿方睿^{1, 3},
张涛¹

1.
中国地质科学院地质力学研究所, 北京 100081
2.
国土资源部新构造运动与地质灾害重点实验室, 北京 100081
3.
中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083

基金项目:

中国地质调查局项目 DD20160271

国家自然科学基金项目 41402321

详细信息

作者简介:
沈亚麒(1994-), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要从事工程地质与地质灾害方面的研究。E-mail:shenyaqi2017@163.com

通讯作者:
郭长宝(1980-), 男, 博士, 副研究员, 主要从事工程地质与地质灾害方面的研究。E-mail:guochangbao@163.com

中图分类号: P642
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-03-10
- 刊出日期: 2017-10-28

ANALYSIS ON THE DEVELOPMENT CHARACTERISTICS AND ENGINEERING GEOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SONGPAN LOESS, WESTERN SICHUAN PROVINCE, CHINA

SHEN Yaqi^1
,,
GUO Changbao^{1, 2
, ,},
WU Ruian¹,
REN Sanshao^{1, 3},
SU Fangrui^{1, 3},
ZHANG Tao¹

1.
Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Neotectonic Movement and Geohazard, Ministry of Land and Resourses, Beijing 100081, China
3.
School of Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China

摘要

摘要: 以松潘幅和漳腊幅1:5万工程地质调查为基础，通过野外地质调查、地质测年、地理空间分析、室内试验和大型原位直剪试验等工作手段，对松潘黄土的发育分布特征和工程地质力学特性进行研究分析，认为松潘黄土具有以下特性：（1）松潘黄土为风成黄土，局部地形的变化通过控制近地面气流的运动从而影响松潘黄土的堆积，使得松潘黄土的分布与研究区地形、地貌的变化联系密切；（2）松潘黄土粉砂含量大于80%，大多含有碎石，碎石物质成分主要以砂板岩、炭质板岩和石英为主；（3）研究区内的松潘黄土主要分布于2712~3437 m的高程范围内，在山体南坡的分布远多于北坡，在地形开阔的断陷盆地内，黄土发育厚度大且呈广泛连续式分布，在高深的峡谷区，黄土的发育厚度变化大且呈零星的片状分布；（4）松潘黄土结构性明显，其力学性质受物质成分、含水率和天然结构面的影响，具有中等—强的湿陷性，黄土的结构性、水敏性、湿陷性等性质是该套地层内地质灾害发育的主要因素，松潘黄土的不良工程地质特性严重影响着研究区内未来重大工程的规划建设。
- 青藏高原 /
- 原位直剪 /
- 工程地质 /
- 松潘 /
- 黄土
Abstract: Based on the 1:50000 geological survey of Songpan map and Zhangla map, through the field geological survey, geological dating, geography space analysis, laboratory test and in-situ large scale direct shear test, the development and distribution characteristics and engineering geomechanical properties of the Songpan loess are studied in this article. The Songpan loess has the following features:(1) The Songpan loess is an eolian deposit and the changes of local terrain affect the accumulation of the Songpan loess by controlling the movement of the air near the ground. So the distribution of the Songpan loess is closely related to the topography and geomorphology of the study area.(2) The Songpan loess contains more than 80% silt and mostly with gravels, and the material composition of gravels mainly are sandy slate, carbonaceous slate and quartz.(3) The Songpan loess in the study area is mainly distributed within the scope of elevation between 2712~2712 m, mostly in the south slope of the mountain, within the broad fault basin. It has a large and extensive continuous distribution, while in the deep canyon area with a patchy distribution. (4) The Songpan loess has a distinct structure, and its mechanical properties are influenced by material composition, moisture content and natural structure plane, with an intermediate to high collapsibility. The loess characteristics of structure, water sensitivity and collapsibility are the main factors in the development of geological disasters in the strata and the construction of the future major projects in the research area will be influenced by the undesirable engineering geological characteristics and geological disasters of the Songpan loess.
- Qinghai-Tibet Plateau /
- in-situ direct shear /
- engineering geology /
- Songpan /
- loess

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图 1 松潘地区构造纲要图

a-中国黄土分布(根据文献[30]修编)
b-川西部分地区构造纲要图(根据文献[31]修编)

Figure 1. Geotectonic outline map of the Songpan region

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图 2 松潘黄土发育分布图

Figure 2. Distribution map of the development of the Songpan loess

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图 3 松潘黄土典型剖面

Figure 3. Typical sections of the Songpan loess

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图 4 松潘黄土分布与坡向的空间关系

Figure 4. Spatial relationship between the distribution and the slope direction of the Songpan loess

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图 5 松潘黄土颗粒级配曲线

Figure 5. Curves of particle size distribution of the Songpan loess

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图 6 松潘黄土大型原位直剪试验

Figure 6. Large-scale in-situ shear test of the Songpan loess

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图 7 松潘黄土大型原位直剪试验结果

Figure 7. Results of large-scale in-situ direct shear test of the Songpan loess

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图 8 原位大型直剪试验剪断面特征对比

Figure 8. Feature comparison of large-scale in-situ direct shear plane

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图 9 CL16ZJ0302-150 kPa试样剪断面

Figure 9. Shear plane of the sample with 150 kPa vertical stress in CL16ZJ0302

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表 1 松潘黄土的基本物理特性

Table 1. Basic physical properties of the Songpan loess

样品野外编号	取样地点	样品特征	含水率/%	密度/(g/cm³)	干密度(g/cm³)	饱和度/%	孔隙比	孔隙度/%	液限/%	塑限(%)	塑性指数(%)	液性指数
CL16ZJ03	大寨村	黄土	20.12	1.69	1.56	31	0.732	42.3	28.8	19.7	9.1	0.077
CL16ZJ01	大窑沟	黄土	20.4	1.77	1.42	59.1	0.92	47.9	35.4	22.9	12.5	-0.200
CL16ZJ02	红花屯滑坡	黄土	17.17	1.90	1.66	54	0.650	38.5	27.4	17.9	9.5	-0.287
SCL16G4015	石河桥村滑坡	粉质粘土	22.6	1.88	1.57	73.9	0.736	42.4	36.9	23.6	13.3	-0.271
SCL16G204	石坝子村	粉土	18.1	2.11	1.79	95.6	0.511	33.8	30.4	20.1	9.3	-0.215
SCL16G07	安宏乡格机寨	粉土	16.9	1.84	1.53	83.4	0.547	35.4	27.6	19.4	8.2	-0.305

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表 2 松潘黄土粒度组成特征

Table 2. Characteristics of grain-size composition of the Songpan loess

试样编号	采样地点	粒径分布(%)			不均匀系数Cu	曲率系数Cc	定名
试样编号	采样地点	> 0.075	0.075~0.005 mm	< 0.005 mm	不均匀系数Cu	曲率系数Cc	定名
CL16ZJ03	大寨村公路旁	1.3	85.7	13	9.8	1.6	粉土
CL16ZJ02	红花屯滑坡	1	81	18	9.7	1.65	粉土
SCL16G2046	石坝子公路旁	4.5	82	13.5	13.2	0.022	粉土

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表 3 松潘黄土湿陷性测试分析结果

Table 3. Test results of collapsibility of the Songpan loess in the study area

样品编号	取样地点	黄土湿陷系数(荷重200 kPa)	湿陷等级
CL16ZJ02	安宏乡红花屯村	0.068	中等湿陷
CL16ZJ03	大寨乡大寨村	0.140	强烈湿陷

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表 4 松潘黄土原位大型直剪试验结果

Table 4. Result of large-scale in-situ direct shear test of the Songpan loess

试验编号	试验地点	试样描述	高程/m	含水率/%	密度/(g/cm³)	法向压力/kPa	抗剪强度参数
试验编号	试验地点	试样描述	高程/m	含水率/%	密度/(g/cm³)	法向压力/kPa	c/kPa	φ/°
CL16ZJ0101	大窑沟	黄土(含硝酸盐，天然含水率)	2979	20.4	1.774	50；100；150	64.68	16.21
CL16ZJ0102	大窑沟	黄土(含硝酸盐，加水)	2979	22.52	1.905	50；100；150；200	49.12	21.51
CL16ZJ0301	大寨村	黄土(加水)	3192	22.02	1.865	50；100；150；200	60.41	16.69
CL16ZJ0302	大寨村	黄土(天然含水率)	3192	20.12	1.853	50；100；150；200	83.5	14.95

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