Core-mantle-type extensional mode and dynamic mechanism of the magmatic metallogenic explosion of the Yanshanian in the Cathaysian metallogenic province
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摘要: 中国东南部的华夏成矿省为滨太平洋成矿域最重要的钨锡贵稀多金属非金属成矿省。大量的地质调查与同位素测年资料表明,该区燕山期陆内活化造山引发的岩浆成矿大爆发启于陆内陆壳脆弱地带,中侏罗世(172±Ma)初动于钦杭结合带中段,晚侏罗世激化于南岭地区,早白垩世向外侧大面积扩展,结束于早白垩世末(99±Ma),呈现出以钦杭带中段和南岭地区为核心、以外侧为幔的核幔式扩展模式,制约着区域岩浆活动与成矿特征以及由早而晚、由核及幔、由深到浅、由浅及表的岩浆成矿规律。由于这场运动发生于陆壳硬化程度较高的背景,大规模的岩石圈物质调整与岩浆成矿活动引发的上地壳蠕散效应十分显著,其与欧亚板块和古太平洋板块之间的强烈的左行扭动及弱俯冲作用复合,构成了岩浆成矿核幔式独特的动力机制。Abstract: The Cathaysian metallogenic province in the southeastern China is the most important multi-metal and non-metal metallogenic province with W, Sn and precious metals along the marginal-Pacific metallogenic megaprovince. The geological investigation results and the isotopic dating data show that the magmatic metallogenic explosion caused by the intracontinental active orogeny in this region came from intracontinental crustal vulnerable zones, originally occurred in the middle section of the Qinzhou-Hangzhou juncture during the middle Jurassic period (172±Ma), intensified in the Nanling region during the Late Jurassic period, and extensively extented to outside, lastly ended in the late early Cretaceous (99±Ma), thus forming the core-mantle extended mode centred with the middle section of the Qinzhou-Hangzhou and Nanling region and the outer side as the mantle. Meanwhile, it restricted the regional magmatism, ore-forming features as well as the magmatic metallogenic regularity from early to late, core to mantle, deep to shallow and shallow to surface. The creep effection of the upper crust caused by the large-scale adjustment of the lithosphere materials and the magmatic mineralization is significant, due to the movement taking place under the sitting of the higher degree of the crustal hardenability. Therefore, the unique dynamic mechanism of the magmatic metallogenic core-mamtle-type was formed as a result of the intensive left-lateral sinistral shearing and the recombination of the weak subduction.
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图 2 华南大陆燕山期花岗岩核幔式分带扩展简图(据杨明桂和曾勇,2006修改)
1—燕山期花岗岩区西界;2—次级岩区界线;3—燕山早期花岗岩;4—燕山晚期花岗岩;Ⅰ—燕山早期钦杭中段中晚侏罗世I型斑岩、S型花岗岩带;Ⅱ—南岭燕山早期以晚侏罗世S型花岗岩为主核心成岩区;Ⅲ—江南燕山晚期为主的S型花岗岩岩带;Ⅳ—长江中下游燕山晚期早白垩世I(A)型花岗岩带;Ⅴ—燕山晚期早白垩世S(A)型花岗岩扩展分布岩区
Figure 2. Zoning and extension sketch map of the Yanshanian granite core-mantle type in South China continent(modified after Yang and Zeng, 2006)
图 3 华南东部陆区白垩纪火山岩分布略图(据都洵和张永康,1998修改)
Ⅰ—长江中下游早白垩世中晚期(130~95 Ma)火山岩带;Ⅱ—苏浙闽(北)早白垩世中晚期(135~95 Ma)火山岩带;Ⅲ—赣闽粤早白垩世(145~95 Ma)火山岩带;Ⅳ—桂东粤西沿海早白垩世晚期—晚白垩世(130~70 Ma)火山岩带;1—火山岩盆地;2—火山岩区界线;3—火山岩带界线
Figure 3. Distribution map of Cretaceous volcanic rocks in the east of South China(modified after Du and Zhang, 1998)
图 4 朱溪矿床42线剖面图(江西省地质矿产勘查开发局,2015)
1—浮土;2—砂岩;3—灰岩;4—泥质灰岩;5—含炭灰岩;6—燧石灰岩;7—硅质灰岩;8—白云岩;9—千枚岩;10—蚀变带界线;11—地质界线;12—角度不整合界线;13—断裂;14—铜矿体;15—钨矿体;Q—第四系;T3a—上三叠统安源组;P3c—上二叠统长兴组;P3lp—上二叠统乐平组;P2m—中二叠统茅口组;P2q3—中二叠统栖霞组上段;P2q2—中二叠统栖霞组中段;P2q1—中二叠统栖霞组下段;P1m—下二叠统马平组;C2h—上石炭统黄龙组;Pt31W—新元古界万年群;—花岗岩;—花岗斑岩;δ—闪长岩
Figure 4. Profile of Line 42 in the Zhuxi deposit(Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development of Jiangxi Province, 2015)
图 5 石门寺蚀变花岗岩型矿体特征简图(江西省地质矿产勘查开发局,2015)
1 —燕山晚期花岗斑岩;2—燕山晚期细粒黑云母花岗岩;3—燕山晚期似斑状黑云母花岗岩;4—晋宁晚期黑云母花岗闪长岩;5—矿体及编号;6—完工钻孔
Figure 5. Sketch map of altered granite type ore body characteristics in the Shimensi deposit (Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development of Jiangxi Province, 2015)
图 6 紫金山铜矿区西北矿段3线地质剖面图(据石礼炎等,1998修改)
1 —燕山早期中细粒花岗岩(γ52(3));2—早白垩世早次英安玢岩;3—晚次英安玢岩;4—隐爆角砾岩;5—铜矿体及其编号;6—金矿体;7—蚀变分带界线;8—潜水面位置
Figure 6. Geological profile of Line 3 in the northwest of the Zijinshan Copper Mine(modified after Shi et al., 1998)
图 7 黄沙钨矿床地质剖面图(江西省地质矿产勘查开发局,2015)
1—二云母花岗岩;2—电气石化花岗岩;3—钠长石化花岗岩;4—云英岩及云英岩化花岗岩(矿体);5—矿化带与编号;—寒武系浅变质碎屑岩.
Figure 7. Geological section of the Huangsha tungsten deposit(Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development of Jiangxi Province, 2015)
图 9 华夏成矿省燕山期核幔扩展模式与动力机制模式图
1—挤压走滑断裂带;2—逆冲推覆断裂带;3—加里东期地壳叠接断裂带;4—晋宁期板块对接带;5—燕山期(玉里)板块俯冲带;6—核心区界线;7—扩展区分带界线;8—欧亚板块与古太平洋板块构造扭动方向;9—地块构造作用方向;10—上地壳蠕散作用方向;Ⅰ—钦杭中段中晚侏罗世构造岩浆成矿作用碰动地带;Ⅱ—南岭晚侏罗世构造岩浆成矿作用核心区;Ⅲ1—长江中下游早白垩世早中期构造岩浆成矿作用扩展区;Ⅲ2—江南早白垩世早中期构造岩浆成矿作用扩展区;Ⅲ3—武夷早白垩世早中期构造岩浆成矿作用扩展区;Ⅳ1—桂东早白垩世中晚期构造岩浆成矿作用扩展区;Ⅳ2—沿海早白垩世中晚期构造火山侵入杂岩成矿作用扩展区
Figure 9. Pattern diagram of the Yanshanian core mantle extension model and dynamic mechanism in Cathaysian metallogenic province
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