天水市麦积区税湾地震黄土滑坡特征及其形成机制

李浩; 杨为民; 黄晓; 刘廷; 田尤; 程小杰

天水市麦积区税湾地震黄土滑坡特征及其形成机制

李浩^{1, 2,},
杨为民^1, ,,
黄晓³,
刘廷^{1, 2},
田尤^{1, 2},
程小杰¹

1.
中国地质科学院地质力学研究所, 北京 100081
2.
中国地质大学地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083
3.
河北师范大学汇华学院, 河北 050091

基金项目:

中国地质调查局地质调查项目"西秦岭北缘断裂带天水段地震地质灾害调查评价" 12120114035601

详细信息

作者简介:
李浩(1990-), 男, 硕士研究生, 从事地质灾害、工程地质等方面的研究。E-mail:leehao1990@126.com

通讯作者:
杨为民(1965-), 男, 研究员, 博士, 从事地质灾害、工程地质及活动断裂研究工作。E-mail:snon_72@163.com

中图分类号: P694
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2015-10-22
- 刊出日期: 2016-03-28

CHARACTERISTICS AND DEFORMATION MECHANISM OF SHUIWAN SEISMIC LOESS LANDSLIDE IN MAIJI, TIANSHUI

LI Hao^{1, 2
,},
YANG Wei-min^{1
, ,},
HUANG Xiao³,
LIU Ting^{1, 2},
TIAN You^{1, 2},
CHENG Xiao-jie¹

1.
Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
2.
School of Geosciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
3.
Huihua College of Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050091, China

摘要

摘要: 以天水市税湾地震黄土滑坡为例, 依据野外调查和室内测试结果, 总结天水地区历史地震黄土滑坡特点, 剖析地震黄土滑坡发生的力学机制, 初步提出历史地震黄土滑坡的识别标志。税湾滑坡及柳沟右岸滑坡群属典型的地震黄土滑坡, 具有规模大、滑动面切割深、滑坡坡度小、成群成带分布和高位下滑等特点, 可作为识别历史地震黄土滑坡的重要标志。税湾滑坡及柳沟右岸滑坡群坡体具有明显的黄土/泥岩二元斜坡结构, 极易沿黄土/泥岩接触面滑动。当坡体受到地震力作用时, 地震产生的循环动荷载一方面降低滑坡岩土体的抗剪强度, 另一方面改变滑坡体的力学状态, 坡体应力平衡遭到破坏, 地震力增加坡体下滑力、减小坡体抗滑力, 导致坡体失稳发生滑坡。目前, 税湾滑坡处于欠稳定状态, 遇地震或强降雨有可能再次失稳下滑, 因而有必要进一步开展地震黄土滑坡的成灾模式研究, 为潜在强震区防灾减灾提供科学依据。
- 麦积区税湾 /
- 地震黄土滑坡 /
- 地震力 /
- 变形破坏 /
- 形成机制
Abstract: Many historical earthquakes happened in Tianshui and its adjacent region, which resulted in seismic loess landslides developing extremely. According to field survey and indoor synthetic analysis, Shuiwan landslide and landslide groups of Liugou belong to typical seismic loess landslides, which are usually performance for large-scale, the sliding surface cutting deeply, thickness greatly, small slope, distributed along zones, appeared in groups and decline in high position and other characteristics. The characteristics above can be used as important symbols of field identification of seismic loess landslides. The slopes involved in Shuiwan landslide and the right bank Liugou landslides are characterized by loess/mudstone slope double layers structure. Under the condition of internal power, it is easy to slip along the loess/mudstone contact surfaces. Under the dynamic circulative loading, shear strength of the landslide rock mass is decreased on one hand. On the other hand it also changes the mechanical status of landslide, and the balance of the slope body is destroyed, which induce landslide happened. So, Shuiwan landslide is still in understable state. In case of an earthquake or heavy rainfall, it is likely to reoccur again. There is a necessary for further research of the disaster model of seismic loess landslide. It will provide a scientific basis for prevention and mitigation disaster of potential meizoseismal area.
- Shuiwan-Maiji /
- seismic loess landslide /
- seismic force /
- deformation and failure /
- deformation mechanism

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图 1 天水地区主要活动断裂及地震分布图(据文献[14]修编)

Figure 1. The main active faults and earthquakes distribution in Tianshui area

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图 2 柳沟两岸滑坡分布平面图

Figure 2. Planar distribution graph of landslides in both sides of Liugou

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图 3 麦积区税湾滑坡工程地质平面图

Figure 3. Engineering geology planar graph of Shuiwan landslide

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图 4 麦积区税湾滑坡A-B工程地质剖面图

Figure 4. Engineering geology profile graph A-B of Shuiwan landslide

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图 5 税湾滑坡钻孔柱状图

Figure 5. Columnar section of drill hole of Shuiwan landslide

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图 6 税湾滑坡钻孔滑动面

Figure 6. Slip surface in drill hole of Shuiwan landslide

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图 7 税湾滑坡变形破坏现象

a—挤压鼓包，镜向W；b—滑坡体上由剪张裂缝形成的次级冲沟，镜向NW；c—滑坡后壁发育卸荷裂隙，镜向SW；d—民房出现拉张裂缝，镜向NE；e—滑坡前缘发生溜滑、树木歪斜，镜向NW；f—滑坡前缘沟谷小滑坡，镜向W

Figure 7. Deformation features of Shuiwan landslide at present

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图 8 地震诱发黄土滑坡地质力学模型

Figure 8. Geomechanical model of seismic loess landslides

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表 1 柳沟冲沟两岸滑坡特征统计

Table 1. Characteristics statistics of landslides in both sides of Liugou

滑坡位置	滑坡编号	长×宽(m)	厚度/m	规模/(10⁴ m³)	切割深度/m	距梁顶水平距离/m	坡度/(°)	滑坡成因类型
柳沟右岸	1	500×600	40~50	750	20~30	0	13	地震
	2	200×100	10~15	12	6~10	0	10	地震
	3	600×350	80	800	40~50	0	12.5	地震
	4	550×450	80~100	990	50~60	0	13	地震
	5	500×400	80~100	800	70~80	0	15	地震
柳沟左岸	6	250×400	20	150	0~5	300	15	降雨
	7	800×500	30	700	20~30	150	12	地震
	8	100×100	20	10	0	120	40	降雨
	9	200×200	40	100	0	80	35	降雨
	10	150×100	10~20	15	0	80	32	降雨
	11	180×150	15	16	0	50	28	降雨
	12	200×150	10~15	30	0	30	35	降雨
	13	230×190	30~40	80	0	50	40	降雨

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表 2 滑床岩土体部分物理力学性质表

Table 2. Physical and mechanical properties of rock and soil mass of slider bed

岩土体类型	密度/(g·cm^-3)	含水率/%	渗透系数/(10^-6 cm·s^-1)	粘聚力/kPa	内摩擦角/(°)
Q₃黄土	1.88~1.92	18.0~19.0	5~20	30.2~49.4	23.7~29.2
古土壤	2.01~2.06	18.1~22.0	0.4~1.2	48.0~85.6	25.0~32.9
风化带土	1.98~2.02	20.6~24.2	40~60	34.2~54.0	22.2~28.5
泥岩	2.03~2.12	15.9~24.1	0.01~0.10	117.0~193.0	21.8~32.0

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