基于GIS的白龙江流域甘肃段滑坡易发性评价

杜国梁; 张永双; 高金川; 孙於春; 郭长宝

基于GIS的白龙江流域甘肃段滑坡易发性评价

杜国梁^{1, 2, 3,},
张永双¹,
高金川²,
孙於春³,
郭长宝¹

1.
中国地质科学院地质力学研究所, 北京 100081
2.
中国地质大学工程学院, 武汉 430074
3.
甘肃省地质环境监测院, 兰州 730050

基金项目:

国家科技部基础性工作专项 2011FY110100-2

中国地质调查局地质调查项目 1212010914025

国家自然科学基金项目 41072269

详细信息

作者简介:
杜国梁(1989-), 男, 博士研究生, 主要从事工程地质与地质灾害领域研究工作。E-mail:756591925@qq.com

中图分类号: P642.22
计量
- 文章访问数: 170
- HTML全文浏览量: 57
- PDF下载量: 18
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2015-08-07
- 刊出日期: 2016-03-28

LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT BASED ON GIS IN BAILONGJIANG WATERSHED, GANSU PROVINCE

1.
Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
2.
Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
3.
Gansu Geological Environmental Monitoring Institute, Lanzhou 730050, China

摘要

摘要: 在甘肃省白龙江流域地质灾害资料收集及现场调查的基础上, 统计分析了该区滑坡发育与地层岩性、坡度、坡向、高程、断裂、植被等因素之间的关系, 建立了白龙江流域滑坡易发性评价指标体系。采用基于GIS的层次分析法评价模型, 完成了滑坡易发性分区评价, 将研究区滑坡按易发程度划分为高易发区、中易发区、低易发区和极低易发区, 其中, 高易发区占研究区总面积的13.59%, 主要分布在断裂带、白龙江两侧以及软弱岩土体分布的区域; 中易发区占27.85%;主要分布在白龙江支流以及主要道路两侧的一定范围内; 低易发区占33.09%, 主要分布在海拔相对较高、植被覆盖度较高、基本上无断裂带通过的区域; 其余区域为极低易发区, 占25.46%。对比分析显示评价结果与实际滑坡发育情况吻合, 可以较好地反映区内滑坡灾害发育的总体特征。
- 滑坡 /
- 易发性 /
- GIS /
- 层次分析法 /
- 白龙江流域
Abstract: Based on geohazard data collections and field investigations in Bailongjiang watershed, this paper analyzed the statistical relationship of lithology, slope gradient, slope aspect, elevation, drainages, faults, vegetation coverage and landslide occurrence. The evaluation index system of susceptibility assessment was established and the landslide susceptibility assessment in Bailongjiang watershed was accomplished by using AHP method. The landslide susceptibility map was classified into four classes: very low, low, moderate, and high. The high landslide susceptibility areas, 13.59% of the study area, were mainly distributed along the faults and Bailongjiang River, and in the regions characterized by presence of soft rocks. The moderate landslide susceptibility areas, covering 27.85% of the study area, were mostly along the main roads and tributaries of the Bailongjiang River. The low landslide susceptibility areas, accounting for 33.09%, had relatively high elevation and vegetation coverage, and there were no faults passing through. The rest were very low landslide susceptibility areas, making up 25.46% of the study area. The results from the evaluation coincided well with the previous landslide occurrence, which could reflect general characteristics of landslide hazard development.
- landslide /
- susceptibility assessment /
- GIS /
- AHP /
- Bailongjiang watershed

HTML全文

图 1 研究区地质背景

Figure 1. Geological map of the study area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 地层岩性与滑坡数量、密度相关性

Figure 2. The correlation statistics of formation lithology, landslide quantity and density

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 坡度与滑坡数量、密度相关性

Figure 3. The correlation statistics of slope, landslide quantity and density

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 不同坡向滑坡数量统计

Figure 4. The correlation statistics of slope direction and landslide quantity

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 高程与滑坡数量、密度相关性统计

Figure 5. The correlation statistics of elevation, landslide quantity and landslide density

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 断裂缓冲与滑坡数量、密度相关性

Figure 6. The correlation statistics of fault, landslide quantity and landslide density

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 河流缓冲与滑坡数量、密度相关性

Figure 7. The correlation statistics of stream, landslide quantity and landslide density

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 植被覆盖度与滑坡数量、密度相关性

Figure 8. The correlation statistics of vegetation coverage, landslide quantity and landslide density

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 地层岩性分级图

Figure 9. The classification of lithology

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 坡度分级图

Figure 10. The classification of slope gradient

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 坡向分级图

Figure 11. The classification of slope direction

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 高程分级图

Figure 12. The classification of elevation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 断裂缓冲分级图

Figure 13. The classification of fault buffers

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 14 水系缓冲分级图

Figure 14. The classification of stream buffers

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 15 植被覆盖度分级图

Figure 15. The classification of vegetation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 16 易发性结构层次图

Figure 16. Hierarchy structure of the susceptibility assessment

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 17 白龙江流域滑坡易发性分区

Figure 17. Landslide susceptibility areas of Bailongjiang watershed

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 评价因子量级划分

Table 1. Grade standard of evaluation factors

评价指标	指标分级	级数得分
地层岩性	块状坚硬侵入岩岩组	1
	层状较硬灰岩、砂岩岩组	1
	层状软硬相间变质砂岩等岩组	2
	层状软硬相间的板岩等岩组	3
	碎屑岩岩组	3
	松散堆积物岩组	4
高程	＜1000 m	4
	1000~1500 m	3
	1500~2000 m	2
	2000~2500 m	2
	2500~3000 m	1
	＞3000 m	1
坡向	北	2
	东北	2
	东	3
	东南	3
	南	4
	西南	4
	西	3
	西北	3
	平坦	1
坡度	0°—15°	2
	15°—30°	4
	30°—45°	3
	＞45°	1
断裂	＜500 m	4
	500~1000 m	3
	1000~1500 m	2
	1500~2000 m	2
	>2000 m	1
水系	< 200 m	4
	200~400 m	4
	400~600 m	3
	600~800 m	2
	800~1000 m	2
	>1000 m	1
植被	＜10%	3
	10%~30%	4
	30%~45%	4
	45%~60%	2
	＞60%	1

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 判断矩阵的标度及其含义

Table 2. Scale of judgment matrix and its meaning

标度	含义
1	表示两个因素相比，具有同样重要性
3	表示两个因素相比，前者比后者稍微重要
5	表示两个因素相比，前者比后者明显重要
7	表示两个因素相比，前者比后者强烈重要
9	表示两个因素相比，前者比后者极端重要
2、4、6、8	上述两相邻判断的中值
倒数	与上述情况相反

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 因子层次排序结果一览表

Table 3. The result of the AHP evaluation

基础因子	地层岩性	坡度	坡向	高程	断裂	水系	植被	权重
地层岩性	1	2	4	3	2	3	3	0.29
坡度	0.5	1	4	2	2	3	3	0.22
坡向	0.25	0.25	1	0.5	0.3333	0.5	0.5	0.05
高程	0.333	0.5	2	1	0.5	2	2	0.12
断裂	0.5	0.5	3	2	1	2	2	0.16
水系	0.3333	0.3333	2	0.5	0.5	1	1	0.08
植被	0.3333	0.3333	2	0.5	0.5	1	1	0.08
一致性检验	CI=0.025，CR=0.019＜0.1

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 地质灾害易发性统计

Table 4. Statistics of landslide susceptibility

易发性分区	面积/km²	面积百分比/%	灾害数量/个	灾害点密度/(个·km^-2)
高易发区	3217.92	13.59	729	0.71
中易发区	6597.53	27.85	239	0.23
低易发区	7838.47	33.09	52	0.05
极低易发区	6031.36	25.46	11	0.01

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(12)

[1]	BRABB E E. Innovative approaches to landslide hazard and risk mapping[C] //Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on landslides. Toronto, 1984: 307~323.
[2]	VAN Westen C J. Application of geographic information systems to landslide hazard zonation [D]. TU Delft: Delft University of Technology, 1993.
[3]	OHLMACHER G C, DAVIS J C. Using multiple logistic regression and GIS technology to predict landslide hazard in northeast Kansas, USA [J]. Engineering Geology, 2003, 69(3): 331~343.
[4]	FORSTER A, JENKINS G. The assessment of landslide hazard potential as a guide to land use and planning in the South Wales Coalfield[J]. Urban Geology in Wales, 2005, 24: 81~87.
[5]	WOOTEN R M, LATHAM R S, WITT A C, et al. Landslide hazards and landslide hazard mapping in North Carolina [J]. Geological Society of America, 2006, 38(3): 28.
[6]	殷坤龙, 朱良峰.滑坡灾害空间区划及GIS应用研究[J].地学前缘, 2001, 8(2):279~284. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXQY200102012.htm YIN Kun-long, ZHU Liang-feng. Landslide hazard zonation and application of GIS [J]. Earth science Frontiers, 2001, 8(2): 279~284. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXQY200102012.htm
[7]	许冲, 戴福初, 姚鑫, 等.GIS支持下基于层次分析法的汶川地震区滑坡易发性评价[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2009, 28(2):3978~3985. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSLX2009S2104.htm XU Chong, DAI Fu-chu, YAO Xin, et al. GIS based landslide susceptibility assessment using analytical hierarchy process in Wenchuan earthquake region [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2009, 28(2): 3978~3985. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSLX2009S2104.htm
[8]	范林峰, 胡瑞林, 曾逢春, 等.加权信息量模型在滑坡易发性评价中的应用——以湖北省恩施市为例[J].工程地质学报, 2012, 20(4):508~513. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GCDZ201204005.htm FAN Lin-feng, HU Rui-lin, ZENG Feng-chun et al. Application of weighted information value model to landslide susceptibility assessment a case study of Enshi city Hubei province [J]. Journal of Engineering Geology, 2012, 20(4): 508~513. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GCDZ201204005.htm
[9]	王佳佳, 殷坤龙, 肖莉丽.基于GIS和信息量的滑坡灾害易发性评价——以三峡库区万州区为例[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2014, 33(4):797~808. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSLX201404018.htm WANG Jia-jia, YIN Kun-long, XIAO Li-li. Landslide susceptibility assessment based on GIS and weighted information value: a case study of Wanzhou district, three gorges reservoir [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2014, 33(4): 797~80. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSLX201404018.htm
[10]	孟兴民, 陈冠, 郭鹏, 等.白龙江流域滑坡泥石流灾害研究进展与展望[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2013, 33(4):1~15. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HYDZ201304004.htm MENG Xin-ming, CHEN Guan, GUO Peng, et al. Research of landslides and debris flows in Bailong river basin progress and prospect [J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2013, 33(4): 1~15. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HYDZ201304004.htm
[11]	杨为民, 黄晓, 张春山, 等.白龙江流域坪定—化马断裂带滑坡特征及其形成演化[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版, 2014, 44(2):574~583. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CCDZ201402017.htm YANG Wei-min, HUANG Xiao, ZHANG Chun-shan, et al. Deformation behavior of landslides and their formation mechanism along Pingding-Huama aclive fault in Bailong river region [J]. Journal of Jilin University: Earth Science Edition, 2013, 33(4): 1~15. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CCDZ201402017.htm
[12]	张茂省, 黎志恒, 王根龙, 等.白龙江流域地质灾害特征及勘查思路[J].西北地质, 2011, 44(3):1~9. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XBDI201103003.htm ZHANG Mao-sheng, LI Zhi-heng, WANG Gen-long, et al. The geological hazard characteristics and exploration ideas of the Bailong River Basin[J]. Northwestern Geology, 2011, 44(3): 1~9. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XBDI201103003.htm