THE DEVELOPMENT MODEL OF STRUCTURAL FRACTURES IN ORDOVICIAN RESERVOIR IN YUBEI AREA, TARIM BASIN
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摘要: 在基于成像测井、岩心及薄片资料对玉北地区构造裂缝进行识别并总结其发育规律的基础上, 根据裂缝切割关系、充填方解石阴极发光及包裹体特征划分裂缝发育期次, 并应用有限元法数值模拟不同裂缝发育期古构造应力场特征, 结合裂缝发育力学机制, 分析不同时期断层-褶皱控制下的裂缝成因模式。研究结果表明, 玉北地区奥陶系构造裂缝主要沿高陡带发育, 其发育程度、产状受断层、褶皱共同控制, 共发育4期裂缝, 其中加里东中期Ⅰ、Ⅲ幕裂缝受断层主控、加里东晚期至海西早期裂缝受断层与褶皱共同控制、海西晚期裂缝主要受褶皱控制; 与断裂走向较一致的高角度裂缝对储层发育贡献最大, 加里东晚期-海西早期及海西晚期两期裂缝发育区, 更有利于油气聚集。Abstract: Based on the identifying of fractures by the use of FMI, cores and slides data, the development law of structural fractures were summarized. The stages of structural fractures were classified according to the cross relation, the characteristics of cathodeluminescence and inclusions, and then the finite element method was applied to simulating the tectonic stress field mathematically in each fracture developing periods, also the genetic mechanism of structural fractures controlled by fault-fold in different periods were analyzed combining with the mechanical mechanism. The results showed that the structural fractures mainly developed along the high-steep zone in Yubei area, and their development degree and occurrence were controlled by fault and fold. Four stages of structural fractures recognized in this area: the fractures developed in Ⅰ and Ⅲ activities of the Middle Caledonian were mainly controlled by fault, the fractures developed in the Late Caledonian-Early Hercynian were controlled by fault and fold, and the fractures were mainly controlled by fold in the Late Hercynian. The fractures with high angle and parallel with the fault gave more contributions to reservoir development, and the fractures which developed both in the Late Caledonian-Early Hercynian and the Late Hercynian gave more conducive atmosphere to oil-gas accumulation.
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Key words:
- fracture /
- development law /
- stress /
- numerical simulation /
- genetic mechanism /
- Yubei area
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图 1 玉北地区断裂平面展布及裂缝方位
Figure 1. The fault distribution in plane and fracture azimuth in Yubei area
图 2 玉北地区奥陶系裂缝发育特征
a—YB1-2井近垂直开启构造缝；b—YB7井近垂直方解石全充填构造缝；c—YB3井方解石全充填高角度构造缝；d—YB3井沿高角度缝弱溶蚀，锯齿状；e—YB1井高角度缝合线；f—YB3井网状缝；g—YB5井溶缝被灰色泥质条带充填；h—YB5井近垂直构造缝充填沥青质；i—YB7井密集发育近水平缝合线
Figure 2. The characteristics of fractures of the Ordovician in Yubei area
图 3 不同构造带裂缝密度分布直方图
Figure 3. Distribution histogram of fracture density in different structural zone
图 4 不同岩性段裂缝密度分布直方图
Figure 4. Distribution histogram of fracture density in different lithologic section
图 5 玉北地区奥陶系不同期次构造缝切割关系
a—YB1井低角度缝切割高角度缝；b—YB3井弱溶蚀沥青质充填缝切割方解石充填缝；c—YB3井弱溶蚀沥青质充填高角度缝限制后期红色方解石充填高角度缝；d—YB7井高角度剪切缝切割近水平缝；e—YB3井阴极发光显示裂缝三期充填特征；f—YB1井裂缝充填方解石包裹体具两期特征
Figure 5. The cutting relation of different sorts of the Ordovician structural fractures in Yubei area
图 6 逆冲断层相关褶皱控制下构造缝发育模式
Figure 6. The development pattern of structural fracture controlled by thrust fault related fold
图 7 不同地质时期最大、最小主应力差应力分布图
Figure 7. Distribution of differential stress between maximum and minimum principal stress in different geological periods
图 8 不同地质时期裂缝发育特征
Figure 8. The development characteristics of fractures in different geological periods
表 1 构造应力场模拟力学参数
Table 1. Mechanical parameters used in the simulating of structural stress field
岩石来源 弹性模量/GPa 泊松比 岩石密度/(g·cm-3) 地层 43 0.303 2.66 断层 40 0.350 2.50 
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表 2 玉北地区不同构造带裂缝发育特征与油气显示
Table 2. Fracture characteristics and oil-gas indication in different fault zones in Yubei area
构造
位置裂缝产状 开启
程度发育期次 发育特征 油气显示 走向 倾角 玉北1构造带 北东向为主 高角度—近垂直缝、低角度缝 好 加里东晚期—海西早期海西晚期 裂缝发育程度高、开启性好、缝洞对应好 工业油流 玉北3构造带 北西—南北为主，低角度缝北东 高角度缝为主低角度缝其次 差 加里东中、晚—海西早期 裂缝发育程度高，但大部分全充填，开启性差 油迹、荧光 玉北7构造带 北西、近南北向 高角度缝为主局部低角度缝 差 加里东晚期—海西早期海西晚期 裂缝发育程度较高，鹰山组开启性差，蓬莱坝组好 取心见沥青 断洼带 北西—北北西 中低、高角度缝 较差 海西晚期 鹰山组裂缝发育程度低；蓬莱坝组裂缝发育程度较高 油迹、气测异常
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