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灌溉作用下浅表层黄土滑坡变形破坏机理实验研究

王刚 孙萍 吴礼舟 石伦炎 祝恩珍

王刚, 孙萍, 吴礼舟, 等, 2017. 灌溉作用下浅表层黄土滑坡变形破坏机理实验研究. 地质力学学报, 23 (5): 778-787.
引用本文: 王刚, 孙萍, 吴礼舟, 等, 2017. 灌溉作用下浅表层黄土滑坡变形破坏机理实验研究. 地质力学学报, 23 (5): 778-787.
WANG Gang, SUN Ping, WU Lizhou, et al., 2017. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON DEFORMATION AND FAILURE MECHANISM OF SHALLOW LOESS LANDSLIDE UNDER THE EFFECT OF IRRIGATION. Journal of Geomechanics, 23 (5): 778-787.
Citation: WANG Gang, SUN Ping, WU Lizhou, et al., 2017. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON DEFORMATION AND FAILURE MECHANISM OF SHALLOW LOESS LANDSLIDE UNDER THE EFFECT OF IRRIGATION. Journal of Geomechanics, 23 (5): 778-787.

灌溉作用下浅表层黄土滑坡变形破坏机理实验研究

基金项目: 

国家自然科学基金项目 41472296

国家自然科学基金项目 41672282

中国地质调查项目 DD20160271

详细信息
    作者简介:

    王刚(1994-), 男, 硕士研究生, 地质工程专业, 主要从事地质灾害研究。E-mail:wanggangcags@163.com

    通讯作者:

    孙萍(1978-), 女, 副研究员, 地质工程专业, 主要从事工程地质和地质灾害方面的科研工作。E-mail:sunpingcgs@163.com

  • 中图分类号: P642.22

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON DEFORMATION AND FAILURE MECHANISM OF SHALLOW LOESS LANDSLIDE UNDER THE EFFECT OF IRRIGATION

  • 摘要: 为有效减少泾阳地区大面积灌溉活动诱发黄土滑坡对社会和经济带来的巨大损失,开展灌溉型滑坡室内实验研究,研究坡度在灌溉条件下对黄土滑坡变形破坏过程影响,具有重大的现实意义。本次实验设计了可用于坡顶和坡面的灌溉装置,同时进行了45°斜坡和60°斜坡的两组室内灌溉模型实验,且每组斜坡内埋设体积含水率传感器、基质吸力传感器和孔隙水压力传感器三种传感器记录其内部变化。通过对两组实验过程及结果进行对比分析,进而得出灌溉条件下浅表层黄土滑坡的变形破坏规律,总结出该类滑坡的破坏模式及其诱发机理。实验结果表明,实验前期随着体积含水率不断增大,基质吸力逐渐减小至基本稳定,土体强度随之减小;实验后期上部土体饱和,斜坡产生的变形和土体排水不畅产生了超孔隙水压力,有效应力随之减小,土体强度减小至最小,导致滑坡产生。同时,坡度越大,滑坡越易发生,滑面深度和滑动距离越小。

     

  • 图  1  研究区内典型滑坡

    Figure  1.  A typical loess landslide in Jingyang, China

    图  2  研究区黄土样品

    Figure  2.  Loess samples collected from the study area

    图  3  实验黄土颗粒分配曲线

    Figure  3.  Curves of particle distribution of the loess used in experiments

    图  4  实验布置

    Figure  4.  Layout of experiments

    图  5  灌溉装置

    Figure  5.  Irrigation rig

    图  6  测点分布

    Figure  6.  Distribution of the measured points

    图  7  灌溉强度分布

    Figure  7.  Distribution of the irrigation intensity

    图  8  实验结构图

    Figure  8.  Diagrams of experimental structure

    图  9  灌溉实验过程

    Figure  9.  Process of the irrigation experiment

    图  10  体积含水率传感器的读数变化

    Figure  10.  Changes of readout of the volume moisture sensors

    图  11  基质吸力传感器的读数变化

    Figure  11.  Changes of readout of the matric suction sensors

    图  12  孔隙水压力传感器的读数变化

    Figure  12.  Changes of readout of the pore water pressure sensors

    图  13  体积含水率传感器的读数变化

    Figure  13.  Changes of readout of the volume moisture sensors

    图  14  基质吸力传感器的读数变化

    Figure  14.  Changes of readout of the matric suction sensors

    图  15  孔隙水压力传感器的读数变化

    Figure  15.  Changes of readout of the pore water pressure sensors

    图  16  体积含水率对比

    Figure  16.  Comparison of volumetric water content

    图  17  基质吸力对比

    Figure  17.  Comparison of matric suction

    图  18  孔隙水压力对比

    Figure  18.  Comparison of pore water pressure

    图  19  灌溉型滑坡破坏模式

    Figure  19.  Failure mode of landslides induced by irrigation

    表  1  实验黄土的物理参数

    Table  1.   Physical parameters of the loess used in experiments

    天然重度/(kN/m3) 初始体积含水率/% 饱和体积含水率/% 塑限WP/% 液限WP/% 塑性指数IP
    14.7 10 43 17.2 28.0 10.9
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  滑坡发展过程和滑动时间

    Table  2.   Development and sliding times of landslides

    斜坡实验 主要破坏类型 现象描述 累计灌溉/L 整体滑动时间/min
    60°斜坡 浅层滑动破坏 ①前缘坡脚侵蚀。②距离坡肩约10 cm处产生宽3 mm裂隙。③破坏较快,滑动距离远,最远达19 cm。 124.8 360
    45°斜坡 浅层滑动破坏 ①坡脚冲蚀严重,形成临空面。②后缘轻微塌陷,出现1条贯通的拉裂隙距坡肩约13 cm。③滑动2 s完成,最远达到20 cm。 168.5 486
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2016-12-11
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