APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING INTERPRETATION FOR 1: 50000 GEOLOGIC MAPPING IN LANGSHAN GOBI DESERT AREA, INNER MONGOLIA
-
摘要: 针对内蒙古戈壁荒漠区特殊地貌地质填图工作,选择ASTER和SPOT5数据,通过图像融合、影像校正、影像增强等处理方法,提高图像的空间分辨率和光谱分辨率。利用遥感解译图像快速准确地获取地层、侵入体和构造的解译标志,通过遥感地质解译结合地面调查进行综合分析和解译,提高了填图的准确性,为特殊地质地貌区地质填图提供技术支持,对于在同类区域开展地质填图工作有指导意义。Abstract: In order to improve the spatial and spectral resolution of images, we adopt image fusion, image correction and image enhancement to process ASTER and SPOT5 data for geological mapping of special geological and geomorphic areas in Gobi desert of Inner Mongolia. As a result, interpretation markers for the stratum, intrusive bodies and structures can be established quickly and precisely. Then, the geological mapping accuracy can be improved after comprehensive analysis by combining field work and remote sensing image interpretation. So, this combination can be served as a guideline for geological mapping in similar areas.
-
表 1 工作区遥感影像地质单元解译特征
Table 1. Characteristics of the geological units interpreted from remote sensing image
地层单位 岩性 水系、地貌特征 影像单元特征 ASTER数据 SPOT5数据 第四纪冲积物(Qhal)、第四纪洪冲物(Qhpal) 砾石砂土 树枝状、网脉状、带状水系; 地形平缓、冲沟发育、界线明显 灰绿色、蓝色、青灰色, 色调均匀, 影纹光滑, 宽条带状, 影像特征明显, 解译度高 巴音戈壁组(K1by)晚白垩世乌兰苏海组(K2w) 砂岩砾岩 中等密度的树枝状、格状及角状水系, 冲沟短、陡、切割深, 呈V形; 山脊走向稳定岩层三面发育 灰绿色、紫红色, 砂岩影纹较细密, 层状; 砾岩影纹较粗糙, 特征明显, 解译度高 宝音图群(Pt1By) 石英岩石英片岩 栉状、树状、格状水系较发育; 低缓丘陵或岗状地形、定向性、连续性强 以紫红色、蓝紫色为主, 影像纹影杂乱, 以线状构造为主, 枝状冲沟, 陡坎地貌发育, 粗糙影像结构 侵入岩(γδP) 花岗闪长岩 稀疏树枝状、环状、放射状水系, 明显受裂隙控制; 穹形、浑圆形、低缓、圆滑丘陵或较高山地; 球形风化发育 整体呈蓝灰色、紫红色, 团块影纹, 与周围影线差异明显, 总体特征显著, 解译度高 火山岩 英安质熔结凝灰岩、安山质角砾凝灰岩 树枝状、环状、放射状、平行状水系; 火山地貌、舌状熔岩流、桌状山垄岗或台地、独具火山机构和流动构造, 表面粗糙不平 影像以绿色、紫红色、紫色为主, 影纹粗糙, 解译度一般 断层 弧线形排列负地貌、沟谷 直线\微弯曲线状, 岩性、地层影像标志被切割和错开 表 2 研究区遥感解译程度划分
Table 2. The remote sensing geological interpretation extent division of study area
解译程度 地理位置 区域地质特征 影像可解译要素 解译程度较高区 工作区中西部 解译程度较好的地质单元βψδοS、ηγS、γδC、ψδοC、δψP、βηγP、K1s 解译出岩体形态、岩性, 不同类型岩石、主干断裂延展 解译程度中等区 工作区东西部 Pt1By、Chs、Chz、Jxa、P1-2d、C2a、K2w、ηγT、ξγT 可解译出主干断裂展布, 部分地层、岩体边界、形态 -
[1] 彭望碌, 白振平, 刘湘南, 等.遥感概论[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2002.PENG Wang-lu, BAI Zhen-ping, LIU Xiang-nan, et al.Introduction to Remote sensing[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press, 2002. [2] 耿新霞, 杨建民, 张玉君, 等.ASTER数据在浅覆盖区蚀变遥感异常信息提取中的应用——以新疆西准噶尔包古图斑岩铜矿岩体为例[J].地质论评, 2008, 54(2):184~191. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZLP200802006.htmGENG Xin-xia, YANG Jian-min, ZHANG Yu-jun, et al.The application of ASTER remote sensing data for extraction of alteration anomalies information in shallow overburden area:A case study of the Baoguto porphyry copper deposit intrusion in western Junggar, Xinjiang[J].Geological Review, 2008, 54(2):184~191. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZLP200802006.htm [3] 陈星, 张学斌, 贾晓青, 等.SPOT5、ASTER数据的地层、构造信息提取应用[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报:自然科学版, 2014, 33(8):1063~1069. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-FXKY201408012.htmCHEN Xing, ZHANG Xue-bin, JIA Xiao-qing, et al.Information extraction and application of stratum and structures based on SPOT5 and ASTER data:A case study of Maodeng area of Inner Mongolia[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University:Natural Science, 2014, 33(8):1063~1069. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-FXKY201408012.htm [4] 刘春国, 谭文刚.基于Landsat7 ETM+图像提取蛤蟆沟林场浅覆盖区蚀变遥感异常[J].河南理工大学学报:自然科学版, 2016, 35(1), 59~64. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JGXB201601010.htmLIU Chun-guo, TAN Wen-gang.Extraction of alteration anomalies based on Landsat7 ETM+images in shallow overburden area of the Hamagou forest farm[J].Journal of Henan Polytechnic University:Natural Science, 2016, 35(1), 59~64. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JGXB201601010.htm [5] 郑硕. 基于ASTER多光谱遥感数据的花岗岩类岩性识别与提取[D]. 芜湖: 安徽师范大学研究生院, 2012.ZHENG Shuo.Lithological identification and extraction of granitoids from ASTER multispectral data[D].Wuhu:Graduate School of Anhui Normal University, 2012. [6] 时丕龙.基于ASTER VNIR-SWIR多光谱遥感数据识别与提取干旱地区岩性信息[J].地质科学, 2010, 45(1):333~347. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKX201001029.htmSHI Pi-long.Detecting lithologic features from ASTER VNIR-SWIR multispectral data in the arid region[J].Chinese Journal of Geology, 2010, 45(1):333~347. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKX201001029.htm [7] 余海阔, 李培军.运用LANDSAT ETM+和ASTER数据进行岩性分类[J].岩石学报, 2010, 26(1):345~351. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSXB201001039.htmYU Hai-kuo, LI Pei-jun.Lithologic mapping using LANDSAT ETM+ and ASTER data[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2010, 26(1):345~351. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSXB201001039.htm [8] 王楫, 李双庆, 王保良, 等.狼山-白云鄂博裂谷系[M].北京:地质出版社, 1992.WANG Ji, LI Shuang-qing, WANG Bao-liang, et al.The Langshan-Baiyun'ebo rift system[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House, 1992. [9] 孙爱群, 胡骁, 牛树银.内蒙狼山地区活动构造的地质特征[J].河北地质学院学报, 1990, 13(1):27~35. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HBDX199001003.htmSUN Ai-qun, HU Xiao, NIU Shu-yin.The geological features of the active tectonics of Langshan area, Inner Mongolia[J].Journal of Hebei University of Geosciences, 1990, 13(1):27~35. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HBDX199001003.htm [10] 沈存利. 华北陆块北缘西段渣尔泰山群及其成矿系统研究[D]. 中国地质大学(北京), 2004: 18~39.SHEN Cun-li.On Chaertaishan Group and metallogenic system in the western part of northern margin of North China Block[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences, 2004:18~39. [11] 彭润民, 翟裕生, 韩雪峰, 等.内蒙古狼山造山带构造演化与成矿响应[J].岩石学报, 2007, 23(3):679~688. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSXB200703016.htmPENG Run-min, ZHAI Yu-sheng, HAN Xun-feng, et al.Mineralization response to the structural evolution in the Langshan orogenic belt, Inner Mongolia[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2007, 23(3):679~688. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSXB200703016.htm [12] 张玉君, 曾朝铭, 陈薇.ETM+(TM)蚀变遥感异常提取方法研究与应用——方法选择和技术流程[J].国土资源遥感, 2003, (2):44~49. doi: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2003.02.11ZHANG Yu-jun, ZENG Chao-ming, CHEN Wei.The methods for extraction of alteration anomalies from the ETM+(TM)data and their application:Methods selection and technological flow chart[J].Remote Sensing For Land and Resources, 2003, (2):44~49. doi: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2003.02.11 [13] 杨建民, 张玉君, 姚佛军, 等.遥感找矿信息在新疆罗东镍矿发现中的主导作用[J].岩石学报, 2007, 23(10):2647~2652. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0569.2007.10.030YANG Jian-min, ZHANG Yu-jun, YAO Fo-jun, et al.Dominant role of remote sensing mineral exploration information in the discovery of the Luodong Ni deposit, Xinjiang[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2007, 23(10):2647~2652. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0569.2007.10.030 [14] 周军, 陈明勇, 高鹏, 等.新疆东准噶尔蚀变矿物填图及多元信息找矿[J].国土资源遥感, 2005, (4):51~55. doi: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2005.04.12ZHOU Jun, CHEN Ming-yong, GAO Peng, et al.Alteration mineral mapping and multi-information ore prospecting in eastern Junggar, Xinjiang[J].Remote Sensing For Land and Resources, 2005, (4):51~55. doi: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2005.04.12 [15] 刘登忠, 李斌山.四川南江地区1:50000遥感地质填图效果评价[J].成都理工学院学报, 1997, 24(2):108~112. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CDLG702.015.htmLIU Deng-zhong, LI Bin-shan.Comparative evaluation of remote sensing to 1:50000 regional geological mapping in Nanjiang, Sichuan[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology, 1997, 24(2):108~112. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CDLG702.015.htm [16] 方洪宾.深变质岩区遥感地质填图方法研究[J].国土资源遥感, 2000, 44(2):35~38. doi: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2000.02.08FANG Hong-bin.The study of remote sensing geological mapping method in hypometamorphic rock area[J].Remote Sensing For Land and Resources, 2000, 44(2):35~38. doi: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2000.02.08 [17] 王多义, 邓美洲, 童纯菡, 等.川西石亭江地区遥感地质解译及构造解析[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版, 2006, 33(4):390~393. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CDLG200604010.htmWANG Duo-yi, DENG Mei-zhou, TONG Chun-han, et al.Remote sensing geological interpretation and geostructural analysis in the area of Shiting River, Sichuan, China[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology:Science & Technology Edition, 2006, 33(4):390~393. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CDLG200604010.htm