长江中游湖南、湖北地区主要活动断裂及地震地质特征

李浩民; 吴中海; 王浩男; 王果胜

长江中游湖南、湖北地区主要活动断裂及地震地质特征

李浩民^{1, 2,},
吴中海^{2, 3, ,},
王浩男¹,
王果胜¹

1.
中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083
2.
中国地质科学院地质力学研究所, 北京 100081
3.
国土资源部新构造与地质灾害实验室, 北京 100081

基金项目:

中国地质调查局地质调查项目 12120114002101

中国地质调查局地质调查项目 DD20160268

国家自然科学基金项目 41571013

国家自然科学基金项目 41171009

详细信息

作者简介:
李浩民(1991-), 男, 硕士研究生, 研究方向为活动构地质学。E-mail:ilihaomin2012@163.com

通讯作者:
吴中海(1974-), 男, 研究员, 从事活动构造与地震地质研究。E-mail:wzhh4488@sina.com

中图分类号: P546;P315.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2016-04-18
- 刊出日期: 2016-09-01

GEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MAIN ACTIVE FAULTS AND EARTHQUAKES IN HUNAN AND HUBEI AREAS, THE MIDDLE REACHES OF THE YANGTZE RIVER

LI Hao-min^{1, 2
,},
WU Zhong-hai^{2, 3
, ,},
WANG Hao-nan¹,
WANG Guo-sheng¹

1.
College of Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
2.
Institude of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
3.
Neotectonics and Geological hazard Laboratory, Ministry of land and Resources of China, Beijing 100081, China

摘要

摘要: 通过收集整理前人成果资料，结合湖南、湖北地区地震地质特征、历史近代地震数据等，全面梳理分析该区主要活动断裂及历史地震，总结该区主要活动断裂系（带）及控震特征、地震活动性及时空分布特征。研究结果表明，该区主要活动断裂以北东、北北东、北西向为主，主要活动断裂系有6个，自北向南分别为秦昆北西向断裂系、鄂东北东向断裂系、江汉-洞庭盆地断裂系、鄂西-湘西北东向断裂系、湘中南北东向断裂系、湘东北东向断裂系，其中第四纪活动较为显著且影响程度大的是江汉-洞庭盆地断裂系及秦昆北西向断裂系西段。“两湖”地区地震活动水平相对较低，正处于第三活动期的相对平静期。结合近代中强震资料及中国地震烈度区划特征分析认为，江汉-洞庭盆地南部的东、西边界、鄂州-黄冈-武汉一带以及鄂西北断块隆起区地壳较不稳定，具有发震潜力，应在城市群规划建设、护江大堤设防和重大工程建设中予以特别关注。
- 长江中游 /
- 湖南、湖北地区 /
- 新构造 /
- 活动断裂 /
- 地震活动性 /
- 地壳稳定性评价
Abstract: In this paper, the predecessors' achievements were collected and combined with the historical and modern seismic data in Hunan and Hubei areas. The major active faults and historical earthquakes in the areas, characteristics of the main active earthquake-controlled fault system (belt), seismic activity and spatial and temporal distribution were summarized. Research results indicate that the trends of major active faults in this region are mainly of NE, NNE and NW. There are 6 main active fault systems from north to south, including NW trending Qinkun fault system, NE trending fault system in the east of Hubei, Jianghan-Dongting basin fault system, NE trending fault system from west Hubei to west Hunan, NE trending fault system in central and south Hunan, and NEE trending fault system in east of Hunan. Quaternary activities of Jianghan-Dongting basin fault system and NW trending Qinkun fault system are more significant. Seismic activity level in the "Two Lakes" area is relatively low, being in the relatively calm period of the third activity period. Combining modern medium-strong earthquakes data with characteristics of China's seismic intensity zoning, we believed that crust is unstable in the east and west boundaries of the south of Jianghan-Dongting basin, the Ezhou-Huanggang-Wuhan area and fault block uplift area in northwestern Hubei, with higher potential earthquake risk, which should be paid more attentions in the planning and construction of the urban agglomeration, protecting river embankment design and construction of major projects.
- middle reaches of Yangtze River /
- Hunan and Hubei region /
- neotectonics /
- active fault /
- seismic activity /
- evaluation of crustal stability

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图 1 “两湖”地区大地构造简图及新构造简图(据2002版中国地图集及文献[21, 24, 27]修编)

Figure 1. Geotectonic and neotectonic sketch of Hunan and Hubei areas

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图 2 “两湖”地区主要活动断裂与地震分布图

F₁—秦昆北西向断裂系(F_1-1两陨断裂，F_1-2襄樊-广济断裂，F_1-3宝丰-房县断裂，F_1-4竹溪断裂，F_1-5青峰断裂)；F₂—鄂东北东向断裂系(F_2-1郯庐断裂末段，F_2-2麻城-团凤断裂)；F₃—江汉-洞庭盆地断裂系(F_3-1钟祥断裂，F_3-2南漳-荆门断裂，F_3-3通城河断裂，F_3-4仙女山断裂，F_3-5公安-监利断裂，F_3-6北景港断裂，F_3-7常德-益阳-长沙断裂，F_3-8潜北断裂，F_3-9岳阳-武汉断裂，F_3-10石首-澧县断裂，F_3-11常德-荆州断裂，F_3-12南县-汉寿断裂，F_3-13岳阳-桃江断裂，F_3-14崇阳-宁乡断裂，F_3-15纪山寺断裂，F_3-16天门河断裂，F_3-17麻洋潭断裂)；F₄—鄂西-湘西北东向断裂系(F_4-1新华断裂带，F_4-2黔江-恩施断裂带，F_4-3慈利-大庸断裂)；F₅—湘中南北东向断裂系(F_5-1贵阳-芷江-溆浦断裂，F_5-2沅江-乌宿断裂带，F_5-3安化-洪江断裂，F_5-4五团-洞口断裂，F_5-5新化断裂，F_5-6邵阳-新宁断裂，F_5-7湘潭-邵东断裂)；F₆—湘东北东向断裂系(F_6-1衡阳-梧州断裂，F_6-2醴陵断裂，F_6-3桃水断裂，F_6-4茶陵-永兴断裂)
(地震资料据文献[74~79]及中国地震台网；等震线引自文献[78~79]；震源机制引自文献[80]及中国地震信息网)

Figure 2. Distribution map of the main active faults and earthquakes in Hunan and Hubei areas

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图 3 江汉—洞庭盆地构造区划图^{[45, 51]}

1—崇阳—宁乡断裂；2—岳阳—武汉断裂；3—南县—汉寿断裂；4—太阳山断裂；5—澧水断裂；6—北景港断裂；7—石首-监利断裂；8—纪山寺断裂；9—潜北断裂；10—麻洋潭断裂；11—天门河断裂；12—钟祥断裂；13—南漳-荆门断裂；14—远安地堑断裂带

Figure 3. Tectonic zoning map of Jianghan-Dongting Lake basin

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图 4 江汉—洞庭盆地构造剖面示意图(据徐杰^[45]修改)

A—潜江凹陷剖面；B—沔阳凹陷—天门凸起剖面；C—洞庭湖坳陷剖面

Figure 4. Structural sections across Jianghan-Dongting Lake Basin

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图 5 “两湖”地区1300年以来M≥4¾级地震强度-时间分布图

Figure 5. Intensity-time map of earthquakes with M≥4¾ in Hunan and Hubei areas since 1300

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图 6 “两湖”地区1300年以来M≥4¾地震频次图

Figure 6. Frequency diagram of earthquakes with M≥4¾ in Hunan and Hubei areas since 1300

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表 1 “两湖”地区主要活动断裂的基本特征

Table 1. Basic characteristics of the main active faults in Hunan and Hubei area

断裂系名称及编号	断裂编号	断裂名称	断裂带基本参数				断裂活动性		历史与仪器地震
断裂系名称及编号	断裂编号	断裂名称	长度/ km	走向	运动性质	活动强度	活动速率/ mm·a^-1	最新活动时代	M≥4¾ 地震数/次	最大地震 (M_s/烈度)
秦昆北西向断裂系(F₁)	F_1-1	两陨断裂	160	NW	逆冲断层	较弱	0.03~0.7	中更新世	15	4.9/Ⅶ
	F_1-2	襄樊—广济断裂	400	NW	左旋走滑	中等	—	中更新世		5.5/Ⅶ
	F_1-3	宝丰—房县断裂	120	NW	左旋走滑	较弱	0.2~2	中更新世		6.5/Ⅷ
	F_1-4	竹溪断裂	60	近EW	右旋走滑	较弱	—	晚更新世		5.0/Ⅶ
	F_1-5	青峰断裂	230	近EW	右旋走滑	较弱	0.1	中更新世		5.0/Ⅵ
鄂东北东向断裂系(F₂)	F_2-1	郯庐断裂末段	40	NE	右旋走滑兼正向滑动	强烈	—	—	6	4.75/Ⅵ
鄂东北东向断裂系(F₂)	F_2-2	麻城—团凤断裂	270	NE	右旋走滑	较弱	—	中更新世	6	6/Ⅷ
江汉—洞庭盆地断裂系(F₃)	F_3-1	钟祥断裂	140	NNW	左旋走滑	较弱	—		31	5.5/Ⅶ
	F_3-2	南漳—荆门断裂	180	NNW	左旋走滑	较弱	0.029	早更新世		—
	F_3-3	通城河断裂	200	NNW	正断层兼右旋走滑	较弱	0.29	更新世		4.8/Ⅵ
	F_3-4	仙女山断裂	130	NNW	正断层	较弱	0.137	更新世		4.9/Ⅶ
	F_3-5	公安—监利断裂	148	NW	隐伏断裂	较弱	—	早更新世		4.75/Ⅵ
	F_3-6	北景港断裂	71	NW	正断层	较弱	—	—		—
	F_3-7	常德—益阳—长沙断裂	130	NW	正断层	较弱	—	中更新世		4.75/Ⅵ
	F_3-8	潜北断裂	75	NE	隐伏断裂	较弱	—	—		—
	F_3-9	岳阳—武汉断裂	120	NE	右旋走滑	中等	—	中更新世		5.0/Ⅶ
	F_3-10	石首—澧县断裂	140	NEE	正断层	较弱	—	中更新世		5.25
	F_3-11	常德—荆州断裂	70	NNE	正断层	中等	—	晚更新世		6.75/Ⅷ
	F_3-12	南县—汉寿断裂	70	NNE	正断层	较弱	—	中更新世		4.75
	F_3-13	岳阳—桃江断裂	75	NE	隐伏断裂	较弱	—	—		—
	F_3-14	崇阳—宁乡断裂	181	NNE	正断层兼右旋走滑	较弱	—	早更新世		5.5
	F_3-15	纪山寺断裂	68	近EW	隐伏断裂	较弱	—	—	31	4.75/Ⅵ
	F_3-16	天门河断裂	100	近EW	隐伏断裂	较弱	—	—		5.0/Ⅵ
	F_3-17	麻洋潭断裂	110	近EW	隐伏断裂	较弱	—	—		—
鄂西—湘西北东向断裂系(F₄)	F_4-1	新华断裂带	50	NNE	正断层兼右旋走滑	较弱	—	早更新世	4	—
	F_4-2	黔江-恩施断裂带	80	NNE	正断层兼右旋走滑	较弱	0.43~0.5	早更新世		6.5/Ⅸ
	F_4-4	慈利-大庸断裂	200	NEE	正断层	较弱	—	早更新世		4.75/Ⅵ
湘中南北东向断裂系(F₅)	F_5-1	贵阳—芷江—溆浦断裂	174	NE	—	较弱	—	晚更新世	7	—
	F_5-2	沅江—乌宿断裂带	220	NE	右旋走滑	较弱	—	早更新世		—
	F_5-3	安化—洪江断裂	370	NE	正断层	较弱	—	中更新世		5.0/Ⅵ
	F_5-4	五团—洞口断裂	169	NNE	逆冲断层	较弱	—	早更新世		—
	F_5-5	新化断裂	90	NE	左旋逆冲	较弱	—	中更新世		5.5/Ⅶ
	F_5-6	邵阳—新宁断裂	600	NE	逆走滑	较弱	—	中更新世		5.5/Ⅶ
	F_5-7	湘潭—邵东断裂	130	NE	正断层兼左旋	较弱	—	中更新世		5.0/Ⅵ
湘东北东向断裂系(F₆)	F_6-1	衡阳—梧州断裂	550	NE	右旋走滑	较弱	—	中更新世	4	5.0/Ⅵ
	F_6-2	醴陵断裂	91	NE	正断层	较弱	—	早更新世		—
	F_6-3	桃水断裂	140	NE	正断层	较弱	—	早更新世		—
	F_6-4	茶陵—永兴断裂	175	NNE	正断层	较弱	—	早更新世		4.73/Ⅵ
注：断裂名称、基本参数及活动性主要引自参考文献[21, 25~27]

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表 2 “两湖”地区M≥4¾级历史地震的地震参数及控震断裂

Table 2. The main parameters of historical earthquakes with M≥4¾ and earthquake-controlled faults in Hunan and Hubei areas

编号	地震时间年.月.日	震中位置		宏观震中	震级	烈度	震源深度/km	等震线长轴	推测或已确定的控震断裂
编号	地震时间年.月.日	纬度	经度	宏观震中	震级	烈度	震源深度/km	等震线长轴	推测或已确定的控震断裂
1	公元前143.6.10	32.2°	110.4°	湖北竹山西南	5	Ⅵ	─	─	宝丰-房县断裂与竹溪断裂
2	788.2.12	32.4°	109.9°	湖北房县西北	6½	Ⅷ	─	─	宝丰-房县断裂与竹溪断裂
3	1336.3.9	30.2°	111.6°	安徽宿松至湖北黄梅间	4¾	Ⅵ	─	─	郯庐断裂
4	1351.8.22	30.6°	111.9°	湖北枝江北	4¾	Ⅵ	─	─	纪山寺断裂
5	1407	31.2°	112.6°	湖北钟祥	5½	Ⅶ	─	─	钟祥断裂
6	1469.11.4	31.2°	112.6°	湖北钟祥	5½	Ⅶ	─	─	钟祥断裂断裂
7	1470.1.8	30.1°	113.2°	湖北武汉西南	5	Ⅵ	─	─	沔阳断裂
8	1509	28.6°	112.4°	湖南宁乡、益阳、沅江一带	4¾	Ⅵ	─	─	常德-益阳-长沙断裂
9	1516	29.4°	112.0°	湖南澧县东南	5	Ⅵ	─	─	太阳山断裂
10	1542.6.1	28.4°	112.4°	湖南宁乡	4¾	Ⅵ	─	─	常德-益阳-长沙断裂
11	1556.2.2	29.3°	113.0°	湖南岳阳	5	Ⅶ	─	NW	岳阳-武汉断裂
12	1584.3.17	30.8°	115.7°	湖北英山	5½	Ⅶ	─	─	襄樊-广济断裂
13	1599.1.24	25.3°	111.7°	湖南道县南	5	─	─	─	衡阳-梧州断裂
14	1603.5.30	31.2°	112.6°	湖北钟祥	5½	Ⅵ	─	─	钟祥断裂
15	1605.3.19	30.5°	115.3°	湖北武昌	4¾	Ⅵ	─	─	襄樊-广济断裂
16	1605.6.8	30.8°	113°	湖北钟祥东南	5	Ⅵ	─	─	钟祥断裂
17	1605.6.8	30.5°	115.3°	湖北武昌	5	Ⅶ	─	─	襄樊-广济断裂
18	1620.3.5	30.8°	113°	湖北钟祥东南	5	Ⅵ	─	─	钟祥断裂
19	1626.10.8	26.9°	109.7°	湖南会同	5	Ⅵ	─	─	安化-洪江断裂
20	1628	29.0°	111.4°	湖南桃源西北	4¾	Ⅵ	─	─	常德-益阳-长沙断裂
21	1629.3.25	30.3°	115.1°	湖北黄冈蕲州间	4¾	Ⅵ	─	─	襄樊-广济断裂
22	1630夏	30.7°	114.8°	湖北汉川天门一带	5	Ⅵ	─	─	天门河断裂
23	1630.10.14	31.1°	112.7°	湖北沔阳	5	Ⅵ	─	─	沔阳断裂、通海口断裂
24	1631.8.8	27.6°	112.0°	湖南娄底湘乡双峰间	5½	─	─	─	邵阳-新宁断裂
25	1631.8.14	29.2°	111.7°	湖南常德	6¾	Ⅷ+	─	NE	太阳山断裂
26	1631.11.1	28.2°	112.4°	湖南宁乡	5½	─	─	─	崇阳-宁乡断裂
27	1631.11.8	29.2°	111.7°	湖南常德北	5¾	─	─	─	太阳山断裂
28	1632.2	27.1°	111.1°	湖南邵阳西南	4¾	─	─	─	邵阳-新宁断裂
29	1633.2.3	32.4°	109.7°	湖北竹溪	5	Ⅶ	─	─	竹溪断裂
30	1633.4.6	30.6°	114.9°	湖北黄冈	4¾	Ⅵ	─	─	襄樊-广济断裂与麻城-团凤断裂
31	1634.3.26	30.5°	114.9°	湖北黄州、武昌间	5	Ⅵ	─	─	襄樊-广济断裂与麻城-团凤断裂
32	1634.3.30	30.7°	115.4°	湖北罗田	5½	Ⅵ-Ⅶ	─	─	襄樊-广济断裂
33	1639.4.15	28.3°	112.6°	湖南长沙西北	4¾	─	─	─	常德-益阳-长沙断裂、崇阳-宁乡断裂
34	1640	25.8°	113.1°	湖南郴州附近	4¾	Ⅵ	─	─	茶陵-永兴断裂
35	1640.9	30.6°	114.9°	湖北黄冈	5	Ⅵ	─	─	襄樊-广济断裂与麻城-团凤断裂
36	1710.4.16	27.8°	111.3°	湖南新化	5½	Ⅶ	─	─	新化断裂
37	1717.7.6	29.5°	111.4°	湖南临澧西	5¾	─	─	─	石首-澧县断裂
38	1742秋	32.0°	110.8°	湖北房县	5	Ⅵ	─	─	青峰断裂
39	1782.4.30	25.8°	111.8°	湖南宁远永州间	5	Ⅵ	─	─	衡阳-梧州断裂
40	1785.12.14	29.3°	112.4°	湖南临澧东	4¾	─	─	─	南县-汉寿断裂
41	1786	29.1°	110.4°	湖南大庸	4¾	Ⅵ	─	─	慈利-大庸断裂
42	1843.3.19	29.3°	111.8°	湖南慈利东南	4¾	─	─	─	太阳山断裂
43	1850.5.9	29.9°	112.0°	湖北公安东南	4¾	Ⅵ	─	─	公安-监利断裂
44	1853.2.8	24.9°	111.7°	湖南江华岭东	4¾	Ⅵ	─	─	衡阳-梧州断裂
45	1856.6.10	29.7°	108.8°	湖北咸丰、黔江交界大路坝	6½	Ⅸ	8	NW340°	黔江-恩施断裂带
46	1863.9.21	29.2°	114.1°	湖北通城东南	5	Ⅵ	─	─	崇阳-宁乡断裂
47	1887	32.4°	111.0°	湖北武当山	4¾	Ⅵ	─	─	白河-谷城断裂
48	1897.1.5	29.9°	115.2°	湖北阳新	5	Ⅵ	─	─	襄樊-广济断裂
49	1906.8.16	29.1°	111.7°	湖南常德	5	Ⅵ	─	─	太阳山断裂
50	1913.2.7	31.2°	115.0°	湖北麻城	5	Ⅵ	─	─	麻城-团凤断裂
51	1931.7.1	30.0°	108.9°	湖北咸丰、利川南	5	Ⅵ	13	NE	黔江-恩施断裂
52	1931.8.12	27.5°	112.4°	湖南湘乡	4¾	Ⅵ	─	─	湘潭-邵东断裂
53	1932.4.6	31.4°	115.0°	湖北麻城黄土岗	6	Ⅷ	13	NE35°	麻城-团凤断裂
54	1936.5.28	27.5°	112.4°	湖南湘乡	5	Ⅵ	─	─	湘潭-邵东断裂
55	1948	31.9°	111.4°	湖北保康黄化	4¾	Ⅵ	─	─	通城河断裂
56	1954.2.8	29.1°	113.2°	湖北蒲圻城东	4¾	Ⅵ	8	NEE	崇阳-宁乡断裂
57	1961.3.8	30.3°	111.2°	湖北宜都潘家湾北	4.9	Ⅶ	14	近SN	仙女山断裂
58	1964.9.5	33.1°	110.7°	湖北郧西、郧县	4.9	Ⅶ	9	NW	两陨断裂
59	1969.1.2	31.5°	111.4°	湖北保康马良坪东南	4.8	Ⅵ	14	NW	通城河断裂
60	1979.5.22	31.1°	110.5°	湖北秭归	5.1	Ⅶ	16	NE45°	新华断裂与仙女山断裂
61	2006.10.27	31.4°	113.2°	随州三里岗	4¾	─	─	─	襄樊-广济断裂
62	2013.12.16	31.1°	110.4°	湖北省巴东县	5.1	Ⅶ	5	─	新华断裂与仙女山断裂
注：该地震数据主要引自文献[74~79]及中国地震台网

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表 3 地震活动期划分简表

Table 3. Division of seismic activity periods

活动期	地震活动期	起止年份	历年	地震次数	最大震级
Ⅰ (1351—1640)	相对平静期相对活跃期	1351—1556 1556—1640	205 84	7 25	5½ 6¾
Ⅱ (1641—1979)	相对平静期相对活跃期	1641—1843 1843—1979	202 136	6 20	5½ 6¾

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