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长江中游湖南、湖北地区主要活动断裂及地震地质特征

李浩民 吴中海 王浩男 王果胜

李浩民, 吴中海, 王浩男, 等, 2016. 长江中游湖南、湖北地区主要活动断裂及地震地质特征. 地质力学学报, 22 (3): 478-499.
引用本文: 李浩民, 吴中海, 王浩男, 等, 2016. 长江中游湖南、湖北地区主要活动断裂及地震地质特征. 地质力学学报, 22 (3): 478-499.
LI Hao-min, WU Zhong-hai, WANG Hao-nan, et al., 2016. GEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MAIN ACTIVE FAULTS AND EARTHQUAKES IN HUNAN AND HUBEI AREAS, THE MIDDLE REACHES OF THE YANGTZE RIVER. Journal of Geomechanics, 22 (3): 478-499.
Citation: LI Hao-min, WU Zhong-hai, WANG Hao-nan, et al., 2016. GEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MAIN ACTIVE FAULTS AND EARTHQUAKES IN HUNAN AND HUBEI AREAS, THE MIDDLE REACHES OF THE YANGTZE RIVER. Journal of Geomechanics, 22 (3): 478-499.

长江中游湖南、湖北地区主要活动断裂及地震地质特征

基金项目: 

中国地质调查局地质调查项目 12120114002101

中国地质调查局地质调查项目 DD20160268

国家自然科学基金项目 41571013

国家自然科学基金项目 41171009

详细信息
    作者简介:

    李浩民(1991-), 男, 硕士研究生, 研究方向为活动构地质学。E-mail:ilihaomin2012@163.com

    通讯作者:

    吴中海(1974-), 男, 研究员, 从事活动构造与地震地质研究。E-mail:wzhh4488@sina.com

  • 中图分类号: P546;P315.2

GEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MAIN ACTIVE FAULTS AND EARTHQUAKES IN HUNAN AND HUBEI AREAS, THE MIDDLE REACHES OF THE YANGTZE RIVER

  • 摘要: 通过收集整理前人成果资料,结合湖南、湖北地区地震地质特征、历史近代地震数据等,全面梳理分析该区主要活动断裂及历史地震,总结该区主要活动断裂系(带)及控震特征、地震活动性及时空分布特征。研究结果表明,该区主要活动断裂以北东、北北东、北西向为主,主要活动断裂系有6个,自北向南分别为秦昆北西向断裂系、鄂东北东向断裂系、江汉-洞庭盆地断裂系、鄂西-湘西北东向断裂系、湘中南北东向断裂系、湘东北东向断裂系,其中第四纪活动较为显著且影响程度大的是江汉-洞庭盆地断裂系及秦昆北西向断裂系西段。“两湖”地区地震活动水平相对较低,正处于第三活动期的相对平静期。结合近代中强震资料及中国地震烈度区划特征分析认为,江汉-洞庭盆地南部的东、西边界、鄂州-黄冈-武汉一带以及鄂西北断块隆起区地壳较不稳定,具有发震潜力,应在城市群规划建设、护江大堤设防和重大工程建设中予以特别关注。

     

  • 图  1  “两湖”地区大地构造简图及新构造简图(据2002版中国地图集及文献[21, 24, 27]修编)

    Figure  1.  Geotectonic and neotectonic sketch of Hunan and Hubei areas

    图  2  “两湖”地区主要活动断裂与地震分布图

    F1—秦昆北西向断裂系(F1-1两陨断裂,F1-2襄樊-广济断裂,F1-3宝丰-房县断裂,F1-4竹溪断裂,F1-5青峰断裂);F2—鄂东北东向断裂系(F2-1郯庐断裂末段,F2-2麻城-团凤断裂);F3—江汉-洞庭盆地断裂系(F3-1钟祥断裂,F3-2南漳-荆门断裂,F3-3通城河断裂,F3-4仙女山断裂,F3-5公安-监利断裂,F3-6北景港断裂,F3-7常德-益阳-长沙断裂,F3-8潜北断裂,F3-9岳阳-武汉断裂,F3-10石首-澧县断裂,F3-11常德-荆州断裂,F3-12南县-汉寿断裂,F3-13岳阳-桃江断裂,F3-14崇阳-宁乡断裂,F3-15纪山寺断裂,F3-16天门河断裂,F3-17麻洋潭断裂);F4—鄂西-湘西北东向断裂系(F4-1新华断裂带,F4-2黔江-恩施断裂带,F4-3慈利-大庸断裂);F5—湘中南北东向断裂系(F5-1贵阳-芷江-溆浦断裂,F5-2沅江-乌宿断裂带,F5-3安化-洪江断裂,F5-4五团-洞口断裂,F5-5新化断裂,F5-6邵阳-新宁断裂,F5-7湘潭-邵东断裂);F6—湘东北东向断裂系(F6-1衡阳-梧州断裂,F6-2醴陵断裂,F6-3桃水断裂,F6-4茶陵-永兴断裂)
    (地震资料据文献[74~79]及中国地震台网;等震线引自文献[78~79];震源机制引自文献[80]及中国地震信息网)

    Figure  2.  Distribution map of the main active faults and earthquakes in Hunan and Hubei areas

    图  3  江汉—洞庭盆地构造区划图[45, 51]

    1—崇阳—宁乡断裂;2—岳阳—武汉断裂;3—南县—汉寿断裂;4—太阳山断裂;5—澧水断裂;6—北景港断裂;7—石首-监利断裂;8—纪山寺断裂;9—潜北断裂;10—麻洋潭断裂;11—天门河断裂;12—钟祥断裂;13—南漳-荆门断裂;14—远安地堑断裂带

    Figure  3.  Tectonic zoning map of Jianghan-Dongting Lake basin

    图  4  江汉—洞庭盆地构造剖面示意图(据徐杰[45]修改)

    A—潜江凹陷剖面;B—沔阳凹陷—天门凸起剖面;C—洞庭湖坳陷剖面

    Figure  4.  Structural sections across Jianghan-Dongting Lake Basin

    图  5  “两湖”地区1300年以来M≥4¾级地震强度-时间分布图

    Figure  5.  Intensity-time map of earthquakes with M≥4¾ in Hunan and Hubei areas since 1300

    图  6  “两湖”地区1300年以来M≥4¾地震频次图

    Figure  6.  Frequency diagram of earthquakes with M≥4¾ in Hunan and Hubei areas since 1300

    表  1  “两湖”地区主要活动断裂的基本特征

    Table  1.   Basic characteristics of the main active faults in Hunan and Hubei area

    断裂系名
    称及编号
    断裂
    编号
    断裂名称断裂带基本参数断裂活动性历史与仪器地震
    长度/
    km
    走向运动性质活动
    强度
    活动速率/
    mm·a-1
    最新活动
    时代
    M≥4¾
    地震数/次
    最大地震
    (Ms/烈度)
    秦昆北西向
    断裂系(F1)
    F1-1两陨断裂160NW逆冲断层较弱0.03~0.7中更新世154.9/Ⅶ
    F1-2襄樊—广济断裂400NW左旋走滑中等中更新世5.5/Ⅶ
    F1-3宝丰—房县断裂120NW左旋走滑较弱0.2~2中更新世6.5/Ⅷ
    F1-4竹溪断裂60近EW右旋走滑较弱晚更新世5.0/Ⅶ
    F1-5青峰断裂230近EW右旋走滑较弱0.1中更新世5.0/Ⅵ
    鄂东北东向
    断裂系(F2)
    F2-1郯庐断裂末段40NE右旋走滑兼
    正向滑动
    强烈64.75/Ⅵ
    F2-2麻城—团凤断裂270NE右旋走滑较弱中更新世6/Ⅷ
    江汉—洞庭
    盆地
    断裂系(F3)
    F3-1钟祥断裂140NNW左旋走滑较弱315.5/Ⅶ
    F3-2南漳—荆门断裂180NNW左旋走滑较弱0.029早更新世
    F3-3通城河断裂200NNW正断层兼
    右旋走滑
    较弱0.29更新世4.8/Ⅵ
    F3-4仙女山断裂130NNW正断层较弱0.137更新世4.9/Ⅶ
    F3-5公安—监利断裂148NW隐伏断裂较弱早更新世4.75/Ⅵ
    F3-6北景港断裂71NW正断层较弱
    F3-7常德—益阳—长沙断裂130NW正断层较弱中更新世4.75/Ⅵ
    F3-8潜北断裂75NE隐伏断裂较弱
    F3-9岳阳—武汉断裂120NE右旋走滑中等中更新世5.0/Ⅶ
    F3-10石首—澧县断裂140NEE正断层较弱中更新世5.25
    F3-11常德—荆州断裂70NNE正断层中等晚更新世6.75/Ⅷ
    F3-12南县—汉寿断裂70NNE正断层较弱中更新世4.75
    F3-13岳阳—桃江断裂75NE隐伏断裂较弱
    F3-14崇阳—宁乡断裂181NNE正断层兼
    右旋走滑
    较弱早更新世5.5
    F3-15纪山寺断裂68近EW隐伏断裂较弱314.75/Ⅵ
    F3-16天门河断裂100近EW隐伏断裂较弱5.0/Ⅵ
    F3-17麻洋潭断裂110近EW隐伏断裂较弱
    鄂西—湘西
    北东向
    断裂系(F4)
    F4-1新华断裂带50NNE正断层兼
    右旋走滑
    较弱早更新世4
    F4-2黔江-恩施断裂带80NNE正断层兼
    右旋走滑
    较弱0.43~0.5早更新世6.5/Ⅸ
    F4-4慈利-大庸断裂200NEE正断层较弱早更新世4.75/Ⅵ
    湘中南
    北东向
    断裂系(F5)
    F5-1贵阳—芷江—溆浦断裂174NE较弱晚更新世7
    F5-2沅江—乌宿断裂带220NE右旋走滑较弱早更新世
    F5-3安化—洪江断裂370NE正断层较弱中更新世5.0/Ⅵ
    F5-4五团—洞口断裂169NNE逆冲断层较弱早更新世
    F5-5新化断裂90NE左旋逆冲较弱中更新世5.5/Ⅶ
    F5-6邵阳—新宁断裂600NE逆走滑较弱中更新世5.5/Ⅶ
    F5-7湘潭—邵东断裂130NE正断层
    兼左旋
    较弱中更新世5.0/Ⅵ
    湘东北东向
    断裂系(F6)
    F6-1衡阳—梧州断裂550NE右旋走滑较弱中更新世45.0/Ⅵ
    F6-2醴陵断裂91NE正断层较弱早更新世
    F6-3桃水断裂140NE正断层较弱早更新世
    F6-4茶陵—永兴断裂175NNE正断层较弱早更新世4.73/Ⅵ
     注:断裂名称、基本参数及活动性主要引自参考文献[21, 25~27]
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  “两湖”地区M≥4¾级历史地震的地震参数及控震断裂

    Table  2.   The main parameters of historical earthquakes with M≥4¾ and earthquake-controlled faults in Hunan and Hubei areas


    地震时间
    年.月.日
    震中位置宏观震中震级烈度震源深
    度/km
    等震线
    长轴
    推测或已确定
    的控震断裂
    纬度经度
    1公元前143.6.1032.2°110.4°湖北竹山西南5宝丰-房县断裂与竹溪断裂
    2788.2.1232.4°109.9°湖北房县西北宝丰-房县断裂与竹溪断裂
    31336.3.930.2°111.6°安徽宿松至湖北黄梅间郯庐断裂
    41351.8.2230.6°111.9°湖北枝江北纪山寺断裂
    5140731.2°112.6°湖北钟祥钟祥断裂
    61469.11.431.2°112.6°湖北钟祥钟祥断裂断裂
    71470.1.830.1°113.2°湖北武汉西南5沔阳断裂
    8150928.6°112.4°湖南宁乡、益阳、沅江一带常德-益阳-长沙断裂
    9151629.4°112.0°湖南澧县东南5太阳山断裂
    101542.6.128.4°112.4°湖南宁乡常德-益阳-长沙断裂
    111556.2.229.3°113.0°湖南岳阳5NW岳阳-武汉断裂
    121584.3.1730.8°115.7°湖北英山襄樊-广济断裂
    131599.1.2425.3°111.7°湖南道县南5衡阳-梧州断裂
    141603.5.3031.2°112.6°湖北钟祥钟祥断裂
    151605.3.1930.5°115.3°湖北武昌襄樊-广济断裂
    161605.6.830.8°113°湖北钟祥东南5钟祥断裂
    171605.6.830.5°115.3°湖北武昌5襄樊-广济断裂
    181620.3.530.8°113°湖北钟祥东南5钟祥断裂
    191626.10.826.9°109.7°湖南会同5安化-洪江断裂
    20162829.0°111.4°湖南桃源西北常德-益阳-长沙断裂
    211629.3.2530.3°115.1°湖北黄冈蕲州间襄樊-广济断裂
    221630夏30.7°114.8°湖北汉川天门一带5天门河断裂
    231630.10.1431.1°112.7°湖北沔阳5沔阳断裂、通海口断裂
    241631.8.827.6°112.0°湖南娄底湘乡双峰间邵阳-新宁断裂
    251631.8.1429.2°111.7°湖南常德Ⅷ+NE太阳山断裂
    261631.11.128.2°112.4°湖南宁乡崇阳-宁乡断裂
    271631.11.829.2°111.7°湖南常德北太阳山断裂
    281632.227.1°111.1°湖南邵阳西南邵阳-新宁断裂
    291633.2.332.4°109.7°湖北竹溪5竹溪断裂
    301633.4.630.6°114.9°湖北黄冈襄樊-广济断裂与麻城-团凤断裂
    311634.3.2630.5°114.9°湖北黄州、武昌间5襄樊-广济断裂与麻城-团凤断裂
    321634.3.3030.7°115.4°湖北罗田Ⅵ-Ⅶ襄樊-广济断裂
    331639.4.1528.3°112.6°湖南长沙西北常德-益阳-长沙断裂、崇阳-宁乡断裂
    34164025.8°113.1°湖南郴州附近茶陵-永兴断裂
    351640.930.6°114.9°湖北黄冈5襄樊-广济断裂与麻城-团凤断裂
    361710.4.1627.8°111.3°湖南新化新化断裂
    371717.7.629.5°111.4°湖南临澧西石首-澧县断裂
    381742秋32.0°110.8°湖北房县5青峰断裂
    391782.4.3025.8°111.8°湖南宁远永州间5衡阳-梧州断裂
    401785.12.1429.3°112.4°湖南临澧东南县-汉寿断裂
    41178629.1°110.4°湖南大庸慈利-大庸断裂
    421843.3.1929.3°111.8°湖南慈利东南太阳山断裂
    431850.5.929.9°112.0°湖北公安东南公安-监利断裂
    441853.2.824.9°111.7°湖南江华岭东衡阳-梧州断裂
    451856.6.1029.7°108.8°湖北咸丰、黔江交界大路坝8NW340°黔江-恩施断裂带
    461863.9.2129.2°114.1°湖北通城东南5崇阳-宁乡断裂
    47188732.4°111.0°湖北武当山白河-谷城断裂
    481897.1.529.9°115.2°湖北阳新5襄樊-广济断裂
    491906.8.1629.1°111.7°湖南常德5太阳山断裂
    501913.2.731.2°115.0°湖北麻城5麻城-团凤断裂
    511931.7.130.0°108.9°湖北咸丰、利川南513NE黔江-恩施断裂
    521931.8.1227.5°112.4°湖南湘乡湘潭-邵东断裂
    531932.4.631.4°115.0°湖北麻城黄土岗613NE35°麻城-团凤断裂
    541936.5.2827.5°112.4°湖南湘乡5湘潭-邵东断裂
    55194831.9°111.4°湖北保康黄化通城河断裂
    561954.2.829.1°113.2°湖北蒲圻城东8NEE崇阳-宁乡断裂
    571961.3.830.3°111.2°湖北宜都潘家湾北4.914近SN仙女山断裂
    581964.9.533.1°110.7°湖北郧西、郧县4.99NW两陨断裂
    591969.1.231.5°111.4°湖北保康马良坪东南4.814NW通城河断裂
    601979.5.2231.1°110.5°湖北秭归5.116NE45°新华断裂与仙女山断裂
    612006.10.2731.4°113.2°随州三里岗襄樊-广济断裂
    622013.12.1631.1°110.4°湖北省巴东县5.15新华断裂与仙女山断裂
     注:该地震数据主要引自文献[74~79]及中国地震台网
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  地震活动期划分简表

    Table  3.   Division of seismic activity periods

    活动期地震活动期起止年份历年地震次数最大震级

    (1351—1640)
    相对平静期
    相对活跃期
    1351—1556
    1556—1640
    205
    84
    7
    25


    (1641—1979)
    相对平静期
    相对活跃期
    1641—1843
    1843—1979
    202
    136
    6
    20

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