四川盆地梓潼地区须家河组储集层裂缝特征及控制因素

苗凤彬; 曾联波; 祖克威; 巩磊

四川盆地梓潼地区须家河组储集层裂缝特征及控制因素

1.
中国地质调查局武汉地质调查中心, 武汉 430223
2.
中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院, 北京 102249
3.
中国石化中原油田分公司勘探开发科学研究院, 河南濮阳 457001
4.
东北石油大学地球科学学院, 黑龙江大庆 163318

详细信息

作者简介:
苗凤彬(1986-), 男, 硕士, 主要从事地应力分析与储层裂缝预测评价。E-mail:mfb.52163@163.com

中图分类号: TE122.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2015-09-26
- 刊出日期: 2016-03-01

CHARACTERISTICS AND CONTROLLING FACTORS OF FRACTURES IN RESERVOIRS OF XUJIAHE FORMATION IN ZITONG AREA, SICHUAN BASIN

1.
Wuhan Center of Chinese Geological Survey, Wuhan, Hubei 430223, China
2.
College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
3.
Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Production, SINOPEC Zhouyuan Olifield Company, Puyang 456001, China
4.
College of Geosciences, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163318, China

摘要

摘要: 基于野外露头、岩心、薄片及样品实验测试等资料, 对四川盆地梓潼地区须家河组储集层裂缝特征与控制因素进行了精细分析与解释。须家河组致密砂岩储集层主要发育3种类型的裂缝, 分别为构造裂缝、成岩裂缝以及与异常流体高压有关的裂缝, 并以构造裂缝为主。裂缝走向主要为近东西向、近南北向和北西向, 平均密度0.56条/m, 多为层内发育。平面上, 沿老关庙—文兴场—柘坝场构造, 裂缝密度依次减小; 纵向上, 以须四段裂缝最为发育。有效裂缝比例在老关庙地区最低, 向北东至柘坝场构造呈带状递增趋势。该区储集层裂缝的分布主要受岩性、岩层厚度、构造部位及异常流体压力等因素控制, 其中断层对裂缝分布的控制作用最为显著。细粒级、薄层砂岩更容易产生裂缝, 断裂带附近与构造高部位也是该区裂缝发育的有利区域, 且断层对裂缝的控制作用远大于构造高部位的影响作用。此外, 异常流体高压的存在也有利于该区裂缝的发育, 尤其是张裂缝, 其密度在高压区明显增大; 异常高压也能导致早期闭合缝重新开启, 并且对裂缝中矿物的充填程度与溶蚀强度有重要的控制作用。
- 储集层裂缝 /
- 控制因素 /
- 致密砂岩 /
- 须家河组 /
- 梓潼地区 /
- 四川盆地
Abstract: Based on the data of outcrops, cores, thin sections and experimental analysis, the development characteristics and controlling factors of fractures in tight sandstone reservoirs of Xujiahe Formation in Zitong Area, Sichuan Basin were analysed and interpreted. There are three types of fractures, i.e. tectonic fractures, diagenetic fractures and fractures related to abnormal high pressure of fluid in the tight sandstone reservoirs. Among them, the tectonic fractures are the main part. There are main three sets fractures of nearly EW, nearly SN and NW-SE orientations. The fractures in study area have an average density of 0.56/m and are mostly confined within the single layer. In the plane, fractures density decreases along the Lao Guanmiao-Wen Xingchang-Zhe Bachang area. While, the fractures of T₃x⁴ are most developed. The proportion of effective fracture is the lowest around the Lao Guanmiao area and increases along the direction of NW to Zhe Bachang area. The distribution of these fractures in study area were controlled by such factors as the lithology, layer thickness, structures and abnormal high pressure of fluid. Sandstone with fine particle and thin layer are favorable for fractures development. Where near the faults and the high part of the structure also are the favorable areas for tectonic fractures development. The control action of faults on the forming and distribution of fractures plays a dominant role. Moreover, the abnormal high pressure of fluid is beneficial to the development of fractures, especially for the extension fractures, the fractures density in abnormal high pressure belts increases significantly. The abnormal high pressure also causes some fractures which were closed in early stage to open and plays important roles in increasing the extent of mineral filling and corrosion increases of fractures.
- reservoir fractures /
- controlling factor /
- tight sandstone /
- Xujiahe Formation /
- Zitong area /
- Sichuan basin

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图 1 梓潼地区构造纲要图

Figure 1. Structure outline map of Zitong area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 不同类型裂缝

a—高角度构造剪切裂缝; b—近水平构造剪切裂缝; c—薄片上的成岩裂缝; d—与异常高压有关的裂缝(早期碳质充填,后期方解石充填并切割早期碳质)

Figure 2. Different types of fractures

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 老关庙地区裂缝发育程度与断层、构造高部位关系

Figure 3. Relationship between intensity of fracture development and fault and high position of structure

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 不同含气构造须家河组地层压力系数与张裂缝密度统计

Table 1. Statistical table of formation pressure coefficient and the density of tension fissure in Xujiahe Formation of different gas bearing structure

含气构造区	须二段压力系数	须四段压力系数	张裂缝密度/(条·m^-1)
老关庙地区	1.6~2.2	1.7~2.3	0.21
文兴场地区	1.8~2.1	1.7~2.1	0.18
柘坝场地区	1.8~2.0	1.7~2.0	0.17
剑门地区	1.8~2.0	1.7~2.0	0.17
中坝地区	＜1.4	＜1.4	0.04

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