基于有限元法的层状岩体破裂规律探讨

徐珂; 戴俊生; 付晓龙; 任启强; 刘丛宁; 赵恽

基于有限元法的层状岩体破裂规律探讨

1.
中国石油大学地球科学与技术学院, 山东青岛 266580
2.
中国石油冀东油田勘探开发研究院, 河北唐山 063004
3.
广州大学教育学院, 广州 510006

基金项目:

国家科技重大专项“复杂裂缝性碳酸盐岩油藏开发关键技术” 2011ZX05014-004

中国石油大学(华东)研究生创新工程 YCX2015009

详细信息

作者简介:
徐珂(1991-), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要从事构造地质学方面的研究。E-mail:232437658@qq.com

中图分类号: TD315
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2014-12-26
- 刊出日期: 2015-09-01

DISCUSSION ON THE FRACTURE OF LAYERED ROCK MASS BASED ON THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

1.
School of Geoscience, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, Shangdong, China
2.
Jidong Oil Exploration and Development Institute, CNPC, Tangshan 063004, Hebei, China
3.
School of education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China

摘要

摘要: 层状岩体的非均质性及各向异性导致其破裂方式及规律与均质岩体有显著不同。对层状岩体分别进行不同方式的单轴、双轴、三轴试验, 分析应力-应变曲线特征; 再利用ANSYS有限元软件进行数值模拟, 观察应力、应变在岩体上的分布, 通过曲线和图件的对比分析, 并结合岩石破裂理论, 总结不同应力状态下层状岩体的破裂方式、顺序及规律; 最后以富台地区为例, 对分析结果进行验证。研究结果表明, 不同受力方式对层状岩体破裂的影响体现在施加的载荷及约束与层面的方位。当应力方向与岩层面平行时, 强度大的石灰岩岩体发生集中应力, 首先破裂; 而应力与岩层面垂直时, 强度小的泥岩岩体首先破裂。岩石试验、数值模拟结果以及实例均成功验证了这个规律。
- 层状岩体 /
- 岩石试验 /
- 数值模拟 /
- 破裂规律
Abstract: The failure mode and laws of layered rock mass are unique because of its heterogeneity and anisotropy. By conducting uniaxial, biaxial and three axis compression experiments on layered rock mass and analyzing their stress strain curves, different characteristics have been shown. And then with the software ANSYS, finite element numerical simulation have been done. Comparing stress strain curves and maps of simulation as well as combining the theory of fracture, failure modes and rules of layered rock mass in different stress conditions have been summarized. Finally Futai area was taken as an example to validate the result. This research suggests that the orientations of loads and constraints as well as the rock level are the key factors to rock failure. Rock with strong intensity like limestone would be cracked in priority if stress direction is paralleled to rock level, for stress concentration occurs to the strong rock. While rock with weak intensity like mudstone would be cracked first if stress direction is perpendicular to the rock level. Rock compression experiment, numerical simulation and the example of Futai area have verified this law successfully.
- layered rock mass /
- rock compression experiment /
- numerical simulation /
- failure laws

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图 1 均质岩石与层状岩石的裂纹扩展

Figure 1. The crack growth in homogeneous rock and layered rock

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图 2 不同应力状态下的应力-应变曲线

Figure 2. The stress-strain curves in different load states

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图 3 5种受力方式示意图

Figure 3. The sketch map of five stress modes

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图 4 试验① 裂纹发展与岩体破坏示意图

Figure 4. The crack development and rock failure process in Test ①

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图 5 岩层水平单轴压缩数值模拟结果

Figure 5. The numerical simulation results of uniaxial compression experiment with horizontal layers

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图 6 岩层竖直的单轴压缩的数值模拟结果

Figure 6. The numerical simulation results of uniaxial compression experiment with vertical layers

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图 7 岩层水平的双轴压缩的数值模拟结果

Figure 7. The numerical simulation results of biaxial compression experiment with horizontal layers

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图 8 岩层竖直双轴压缩的数值模拟结果

Figure 8. The numerical simulation results of biaxial compression experiment with vertical layers

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图 9 三轴试验的数值模拟结果

Figure 9. The numerical simulation results of triaxial compression experiment

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表 1 岩石力学参数

Table 1. Rock mechanical parameters

岩石	抗压强度/MPa	抗拉强度/MPa	弹性模量/GPa	泊松比	密度/(kg·m^-3)
砂岩	8.39	0.87	3.24	0.25	2030
泥岩	5.81	0.34	2.06	0.28	2057
石灰岩	12.3	1.14	4.35	0.26	2105

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表 2 富台潜山燕山期力学参数及裂缝参数特征

Table 2. The mechanical parameters and fracture features of Futai Buried Hill in Yanshanian

层位	泊松比	弹性模量/GPa	密度/(kg·m^-3)	裂缝开度/mm	裂缝密度/(条·m^-1)
八陡组	0.30	34.5	2600	2.9~4.7	3.5~7.6
上马家沟组	0.30	33.0	2500	2.9~3.3	3.5~8.1
下马家沟组	0.30	33.6	2500	2.5~2.9	3.5~8.7
冶里—亮甲山组	0.29	32.5	2700	2.5~2.9	4.1~8.7
凤山组	0.29	37.0	2700	2.9~4.7	4.6~7.6

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