Investigation on fracture propagation in fractured-cavity reservoirs based on FEMM-fracflow modelling
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摘要: 在缝洞型油藏中，水力裂缝的偏转路径对石油的开采量有重要的影响。Hybrid Finite-element and Mesh-free Method-Fracflow（FEMM-Fracflow）数值模拟平台，通过数值实验，文章分析了缝洞型油藏中自然溶洞、水平地应力以及注水流速三种因素对水力裂缝偏转路径的影响。结果表明，在存在溶洞时，裂缝明显向溶洞方向偏转；在改变水平围压时，不施加水平围压条件下，裂缝明显偏向溶洞方向扩展，并且最终与溶洞连通；而在施加50 MPa水平围压时，水力裂缝偏向溶洞的趋势明显减弱；在改变流速时，当流速为0.05 kg/s，裂缝明显向溶洞方向偏转，而当流速为0.2 kg/s，裂缝向溶洞方向偏转的趋势则减弱。
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关键词:
- 缝洞型油藏 /
- 水力压裂 /
- FEMM-Fracflow /
- 流固耦合 /
- 连通性
Abstract: The propagation path of hydraulic fractures is critical to oil recovery in fractured-cavity reservoirs. Based on Hybrid Finite-element and Mesh-free Method-Fracflow (FEMM-Fracflow) numerical simulation platform, this paper explores the influence of natural caves, in-situ stress and injection velocity on the propagation path of hydraulic fractures in reservoirs. The simulation results show that when there are caves, the fracture propagates toward the cave. When the horizontal confining pressure is changed, the fracture propagates toward the cave obviously without applying horizontal confining pressure, and eventually connects with the cave; when the horizontal confining pressure of 50 MPa is applied, the trend of hydraulic fracture propagating toward the cave is obviously weakened; when injection velocity is changed, the fracture propagates toward the cave with the injection velocity of 0.05 kg/s, while the tendency of fracture propagating toward the cave is weakened with the injection velocity of 0.2 kg/s. -
图 5 FEMM与Fracflow耦合原理示意图
Figure 5. Scheme of coupling principle between FEMM and Fracflow
图 10 裂缝沿y方向扩展位移比较
Figure 10. Comparison of the calculated path along the y direction for the fracture propagation near a hole without fluid with that of the reference
图 12 岩体位移场分布
Figure 12. Vertical displacement distribution of the reservoir for hydraulic fracture propagation
图 13 不同围压下岩体竖向位移图及裂缝沿y方向的偏转位移比较
Figure 13. Comparison of vertical displacement of the reservoir and fracture propagation path along the y direction under different confining pressures
图 14 不同注水速度下岩体竖向位移场分布
Figure 14. Vertical displacement distribution of the reservoir under different water injection velocities
图 16 三维缝洞型油藏裂缝偏转示意图
Figure 16. Fracture propagation for the 3D hydraulic fracture propagation near a spherical cavity
表 1 裂缝开度验证模型输入参数
Table 1. Input parameters for the cubic rock with a central fracture
输入参数 数值 杨氏模量E/GPa 10 泊松比v 0.25 恒定水压p/kPa 10 
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表 2 带溶洞模型输入参数
Table 2. Input parameters for a cubic domain
输入参数 值 杨氏模量E/GPa 9 泊松比v 0.25 抗拉强度ft/MPa 1 密度ρ/(kg·m-3) 1100 材料孔隙度 0.1 裂缝孔隙度 0.25 岩体渗透率/(m2·s-1) 1.0×10-20 裂缝渗透率/(m2·s-1) 1.0×10-10 流体黏度/(Pa·s-1) 1.0×10-3 流体注入速率/(kg·s-1) 6.0×10-2
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表 3 三维模型输入参数
Table 3. Input parameters for the 3D model
输入参数 值 杨氏模量E/GPa 1 泊松比v 0.20 抗拉强度ft/MPa 1 密度ρ/(kg·m-3) 1100 岩体孔隙度 0.06 岩体渗透率/m2 1.0×10-20 裂缝处渗透率/m2 1.0×10-10 黏度/(Pa·s-1) 1.0×10-3
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