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柴达木盆地新生代演化及其构造重建——基于地震剖面的解释

尹安 党玉琪 陈宣华 汪立群 蒋武明 蒋荣宝 王小凤 周苏平 刘明德 马立协

尹安, 党玉琪, 陈宣华, 等, 2007. 柴达木盆地新生代演化及其构造重建——基于地震剖面的解释. 地质力学学报, 13 (3): 193-211.
引用本文: 尹安, 党玉琪, 陈宣华, 等, 2007. 柴达木盆地新生代演化及其构造重建——基于地震剖面的解释. 地质力学学报, 13 (3): 193-211.
YIN An, DANG Yu-qi, CHEN Xuan-hua, et al., 2007. CENOZOIC EVOLUTION AND TECTONIC RECONSTRUCTION OF THE QAIDAM BASIN: EVIDENCE FROM SEISMIC PROFILES. Journal of Geomechanics, 13 (3): 193-211.
Citation: YIN An, DANG Yu-qi, CHEN Xuan-hua, et al., 2007. CENOZOIC EVOLUTION AND TECTONIC RECONSTRUCTION OF THE QAIDAM BASIN: EVIDENCE FROM SEISMIC PROFILES. Journal of Geomechanics, 13 (3): 193-211.

柴达木盆地新生代演化及其构造重建——基于地震剖面的解释

基金项目: 

国土资源大调查全国油气资源战略评价专项 1212010633601

详细信息
    作者简介:

    尹安(1959-), 男, 博士, 教授, 博士生导师, 主要从事构造地质学和地质力学教学与研究工作。E-mail:yin@ess.ucla.edu

  • 中图分类号: TE121.1+1

CENOZOIC EVOLUTION AND TECTONIC RECONSTRUCTION OF THE QAIDAM BASIN: EVIDENCE FROM SEISMIC PROFILES

  • 摘要: 柴达木盆地是青藏高原内部最大的坳陷。柴达木盆地构造成因的研究, 可以揭示青藏高原形成机制和生长历史。本文分析了柴达木盆地区域地震勘探剖面, 得到如下认识:柴达木盆地一级构造为新生代宽缓复向斜, 其振幅和半波长分别从柴西的> 16km和~170km变化为柴东的 < 4km和~50km。褶皱首先在柴西贴近阿尔金断裂附近形成(65~50.5Ma), 并向柴东扩展(23.3Ma)。复向斜的形成与较老的柴北缘逆冲断层系(65~50.5Ma)和较年轻的柴南缘逆冲断层系(35.5~23.3Ma)有关。盆地内部新生代上地壳缩短作用, 由柴西的> 48%, 向柴东减小到 < 1%, 说明在柴西和柴东之间, 存在地壳加厚机制的渐进转换:柴西主要为上地壳缩短, 柴东主要为下地壳缩短。

     

  • 图  1  柴达木盆地地质构造简图与6条穿盆地震剖面分布

    NZF-北宗务隆山断裂带;NQF-柴北缘断裂带;QTF-祁漫塔格北缘断裂带;SQF-柴达木南缘断裂带;KLF-昆仑断裂带;ATF-阿尔金断裂带;WHF-哇洪山断裂带(温泉断裂带):LDF-拉配泉拆离断层。

    Figure  1.  Geological sketch map of the Qaidam Basin and locations of six transect seismic lines

    图  2  地震测线地质平衡剖面与恢复剖面

    (a)、(c)、(e)、(g)、(i)、(k)分别为CDM-7、CDM-160、CDM-200、CDM-246、CDM-330、CDM-392地震测线的地质平衡剖面; (b)、(d)、(f)、(h)、(j)、(l)分别为CDM-7、CDM-160、CDM-200、CDM-246、CDM-330、CDM-392地震测线的地质恢复剖面。地层代号:Q-第四系; Sh-狮子沟组; SY-上油砂山组; XY-下油砂山组; SG-上干柴沟组; XGs-下干柴沟组上段; XGx-下干柴沟组下段; XG-下干柴沟组; Lu-路乐河组; J-侏罗系; pre-Mz-前中生界

    Figure  2.  Balanced geo-sections and restored sections of transect seismic lines

    图  3  地震测线CDM-160平衡剖面的构造重建

    阶段1, 白垩纪末(65Ma); 阶段2, 古新世-早始新世(65~50.5M a); 阶段3, 中始新世(50.5~ 35.5Ma); 阶段4, 晚始新世-上新世(35.5~2.6Ma); 阶段5, 第四纪(2.6~0M a)。地层代号同图 2

    Figure  3.  Restoration of balanced cross section CDM-160 showing 5-stage evolution

    图  4  柴达木盆地缩短应变的分布与盆地南界的重建

    (A)柴达木盆地变形时间与缩短应变的分布; (B)根据地壳缩短量进行的柴达木盆地南界的重建; (C)根据东昆仑山的旋转进行的柴达木盆地南界的重建。

    Figure  4.  Summary of timing and shortening strain across the Qaidam basin and reconstruction of the southern Qaidam margin

    图  5  柴达木盆地上地壳变形与下地壳变形之间的关系

    (A)上地壳缩短、下地壳和地幔岩石圈俯冲形成的地壳增厚; (B)下地壳纯剪切收缩形成的地壳增厚; (C)下地壳缩短形成地壳增厚; (D)通道流地壳增厚模式; (E)下地壳逆冲重复导致的地壳增厚。

    Figure  5.  Relationship between upper-crustal and lower-crustal deformations across the Qaidam basin

    图  6  青藏高原北缘下地壳通道流导致的生长地层可能型式

    (A)沉积速率小于抬升速率的盆退序列; (B)沉积速率大于抬升速率的盆进序列。

    Figure  6.  Possible growth strata patterns along the northern plateau margin due to lower-crustal channel flow

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  • 收稿日期:  2007-08-27
  • 刊出日期:  2007-09-28

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