GEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND METALLOGENIC MODEL OF SUPER-LARGE PORPHYRY COPPER DEPOSIT IN AKTOGAI ORE FIELD, KAZAKHSTAN
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摘要: 中亚成矿域巴尔喀什成矿带阿克斗卡矿田主要由阿克斗卡、艾达里和库兹尔基亚等矿床组成, 是发育在火山岛弧环境的典型斑岩型Cu-Mo-Au矿床群, 其中阿克斗卡为超大型斑岩铜矿。斑岩型铜成矿作用发生在晚古生代哈萨克马蹄形构造形成过程中, 成矿构造背景为乌拉尔-天山断裂系统的大型左行走滑作用和大陆地壳侧向增生过程, 具有典型的斑岩铜矿围岩蚀变和矿石矿物分带特征; 成矿作用受东西向、北东东向和北西西向断裂控制, 主要与早期碱性阶段的硅化蚀变有关, 酸性蚀变阶段发生了再矿化与富集成矿作用; 据含矿花岗闪长岩中锆石SHRIMP定年本文给出主要成矿时代为327.5 ± 1.9 Ma (早石炭世晚期), 成矿模式为"花岗闪长岩"型, 属于浅成斑岩铜矿成矿系统。Abstract: The Aktogai ore field consists of a group of porphyry Cu-Mo-Au deposits, such as Aktogai, Aidarly, and Kyzylkia deposits, in the Balkhash Metallogenic Belt of the Central Asian Metallogenic Domain. They are formed in the Balkhash volcanic arc of the north-central margin of Kazakhstan Orocline due to the large left-leteral strike-slip movement of the Ural-Tianshan Fault System and lateral crust-growth in the Late Paleozoic. Among them, the Aktogai deposit is a superlarge porphyry Cu-Mo-Au deposit. All of them are porphyry deposits with typical zoning of wallrock alterations and mineral assemblages. The metallogenesis is mainly related to the silicification of the early-stage alkaline alteration and the redeposition in the acid alteration stage. The occurrence of ore-bodies is controlled by the E-W, ENE, and WNW trending faults. The SHRIMP zircon dating of granodiorite has given the Aktogai deposit a metallogenic age of 327.5 ± 1.9 Ma in the late period of the Early Carboniferous. The deposit model of the porphy deposits in the Aktogai ore field is concluded as "granodiorite" type in the hypabyssal porphyry copper system.
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Key words:
- Aktogai /
- porphyry copper deposit /
- geological characteristics /
- metallogenic model /
- developing future
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图 1 阿克斗卡矿田地质构造简图(据Yu. A. Sergiiko et al.; 转引自Abdulin et al. 1988[11], 有修改)
1. 上石炭统. 下二叠统科尔达尔(Koldarskaya)组沉积岩、凝灰. 沉积岩和少量酸性凝灰岩; 2. 中、上石炭统Keregetasskaya组中性和少量酸性火山岩建造及砂岩和粉砂岩; 3. 泥盆系灰岩; 4-10. Koldarskaya侵入岩体:4. 花岗闪长斑岩岩墙, 基质主要为霏细质和微嵌晶状, 5. 似斑状花岗闪长岩岩体(a)和岩墙(b), 基质主要为细晶岩及微细晶岩质, 6. 似斑状花岗岩, 基质主要为细晶岩质, 7. 等粒花岗岩, 8. 等粒花岗闪长岩, 9. 粗、中粒似斑状花岗闪长岩, 10. 闪长岩和辉长闪长岩; 11. 基性岩墙; 12. 主要断层及产状:Ⅰ. 科尔达尔主断层, Ⅱ. 科尔达尔断层, Ⅲ. 艾达里断层, Ⅳ. 阿克斗卡断层, Ⅴ. Maly Koldarskiy断层, Ⅵ. Uzhniy Koldarskiy断层, Ⅶ. 伊克巴斯(Ikbassky)断层; 13. 其它构造断层及产状; 14. 接触关系:a-不整合, b-侵入, c-整合; 15. 网状脉矿体:(1)艾达里矿体, (2)阿克斗卡矿体, (3)库兹尔基亚矿体; 16. 网脉状盲矿体:(4)西部矿体、(5) Promezhutochny矿体、(6)东部矿体; 17. 地层产状。
Figure 1. Geological sketch map of the Aktogai ore field (after Yu. A. Sergiiko et al.)
图 2 阿克斗卡矿田斑岩型铜矿床:A-艾达里, B-阿克斗卡, C-库兹尔基亚(据Yu. A. Sergiiko et al.转引自Abdulin et al. 1998[11])
1.火山-沉积杂岩; 2.闪长岩、石英闪长岩; 3.花岗闪长岩、似斑状花岗闪长岩; 4.花岗闪长斑岩; 5.斜长花岗斑岩; 6.辉绿岩; 7.花岗岩脉; 8.岩化角砾岩; 9.电气石化胶结角砾岩; 10.网状脉矿体轮廓; 11.矿化矿石; 12.硅化网脉带
Figure 2. Mineral deposits in the Aktogai ore field. A-Aidarly, B-Aktogai, C-Kyzylkiya (after Yu. A. Sergiiko et al.)
图 3 阿克斗卡矿床地质构造简图(据Bespaev and Miroshnichenko, 2004[10])
1.科尔达尔(Koldar)组砂岩、砾岩夹流纹质和英安质凝灰岩; 2.Keregetas组英安质和安山-英安质凝灰岩; 3.角岩、角岩化斑岩和Keregetas组凝灰岩; 4.安山-英安斑岩网脉和岩脉; 5-8.科尔达尔岩体:5.具霏细岩质和微嵌晶状基质的花岗闪长斑岩; 6.斑状花岗岩和花岗闪长岩, 具细晶状基质; 7.均质花岗闪长岩; 8.闪长岩、辉长-闪长岩; 9.电气石胶结的爆破角砾岩; 10.石英岩; 11.构造、侵入和不整合接触; 12.矿体和浸染状矿化体的边界。
Figure 3. A map showing geological structure of the Aktogai deposits (after Bespaev and Miroshnichenko, 2004[10])
图 4 阿克斗卡矿床热液蚀变岩分布(据Bespaev and Miroshnichenko, 2004[10])
1.未蚀变岩石; 2.电气石胶结的爆破角砾岩; 3.酸性阶段热液蚀变岩:石英-绢云母蚀变, 部分绢云母化和绿泥石化岩石; 4-8.碱性阶段蚀变岩:4.黑云母化和钠长石化岩石; 5.黑云母化和钾长石化蚀变岩; 6.中度长石化岩石; 7.强烈钾长石化蚀变和硅化; 8.石英岩; 9.构造边界, 酸性和碱性阶段热液蚀变岩界线; 10.矿体和浸染状矿化体的边界。
Figure 4. Distribution of hydrothermally altered rocks of the Aktogai deposits (after Bespaev and Miroshnichenko, 2004[10])
图 5 阿克斗卡矿床热液蚀变岩石(A下)和气-液包裹体(A上)造岩元素含量的相对变化, 以及热液蚀变岩中成矿元素含量的相对变化(B) (据Bespaev and Miroshnichenko, 2004[10])
交代蚀变岩:1-4.碱性阶段:1.黑云母化岩石; 2.黑云母化和钾长石化蚀变岩; 3.中度钾长石化蚀变; 4.强烈钾长石化蚀变和硅化; 5-8.酸性阶段:5.绿泥石化和方解石化岩石; 6.绢云母化和绿泥石化岩石; 7.石英-绢云母-绿泥石化蚀变; 8.石英-绢云母化蚀变; 9.矿化。
Figure 5. Changes of content of rock-forming elements in hydrothermally altered rocks (below) and gaseous-liquid inclusions (above), and of ore-forming elements in hydrothermally altered rocks (right) of the Aktogai deposit (after Bespaev and Miroshnichenko, 2004[10])
图 7 阿克斗卡斑岩铜矿床地质-地球化学模式(据Ceprийко Ю. А, Ивдев Р. Р et al., 2002;转引自刘春涌, 2005[12])
1.安山岩、安山-英安岩(C2-1); 2-3.科尔达尔侵入杂岩:2.花岗闪长岩; 3.花岗闪长玢岩; 4.辉绿岩、辉绿玢岩岩墙; 5.爆发角砾岩; 6.矿体轮廓; 7.断裂; 8-11.地球化学元素含量(Cu, Mo, Ag; Zn × 10-6):8.Cu < 10, Mo < 10, Ag < 0.3, Zn < 0.01; 9.Cu 10~30, Mo 10~30, Ag 0.3~1.0, Zn 0.01~0.03; 10.Cu 30~50, Mo 30~ 100, Ag 1.0~2.0, Zn 0.03~0.1; 11.Cu 50~150, Mo 100~300, Ag 2.0~5.0, Zn 0.1~0.5
Figure 7. Geological and geochemical model of the Aktogai porphyry copper deposit (after Ceprийко Ю. А, Ивдев Р. Р et al., 2002)
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