BLUESCHIST BELT IN CHINA AND ITS TECTONIC SIGNIFICANCE
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摘要: 在前人研究的基础上, 根据变质时代及产地将中国蓝片岩带划分为20个带, 选取不同时代典型蓝片岩带论述其特征(分布区域、大体规模、原岩特征、形成时代及矿物组合), 并对其地质成因进行分析。中国蓝片岩带生成方式复杂, 但均与俯冲消减作用有关, 且大多属B型俯冲消减; 部分地段叠加了A型俯冲的高压—超高压变质带(如阿尔金带、大别-苏北带、南迦巴瓦-密支那带等)。中国蓝片岩带在时代上可以分为元古代(晋宁期)、古生代(加里东—海西期)、中生代(印支—燕山期)和新生代(喜马拉雅期)4个时期, 每个时期蓝片岩带的形成大多与中国地体增生过程中洋盆的消减俯冲有关, 并在特定地段经历后期的陆内俯冲(高压—超高压俯冲)叠加影响。Abstract: On the basis of previous studies, the blueschist belt in China can be divided into 20 parts according to the metamorphic age and original place. This paper selects some typical blueschist belts of different times to discuss their characteristics (such as distribution area, gross scale, the features and formation age of the original rock and mineral combination), and analyze their geological genesis. The generation patterns of China's blueschist belts are complicated, they are all associated with the subduction, and mostly belong to the B-type subduction. Part of regions, however, also are superposed by the A-type subduction which are UHP and HP metamorphic belts (such as Arkin, Dabie belt, Namjagbrawa Subei Myitkyina band, etc.). China's blueschist belts can be divided into four formation ages, which are the Proterozoic (Jinning period), the Paleozoic (Caledonian, Hercynian), the Mesozoic (Indosinian to Yanshanian) and the Cenozoic (Himalayan). And the formation of the blueschist belts in each period are mostly related with the subduction of the ocean basin in the process of China's terrane accretion, and some also are effected by the superposition of the later intracontinental subduction (high-ultrahigh pressure subduction) at some specific areas.
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Key words:
- blueschist belt /
- high-pressure subduction /
- China
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图 1 中国蓝片岩带分布简图(据Liou等[12]；沈其韩等[11]；李才等[21]；魏永峰等[22]，重新修编)
1—扬子缝合带；2—兴凯(泛非)缝合带；3—加里东缝合带；4—华力西缝合带；5—印支缝合带；6—燕山缝合带；7—喜马拉雅缝合带；8—断裂；9—主要地质界线；10—榴辉岩；11—地体及编号：QL—祁连地体；QDM—柴达木地体；QT—羌塘地体；HL—喜马拉雅地体；WQ—西秦岭造山带；12—蓝片岩带及其编号：(1) 新疆唐巴勒-艾比湖蓝片岩带；(2) 新疆西南天山蓝片岩与超高压榴辉岩带的复合带；(3) 新疆南天山库米什蓝片岩带；(4) 新疆阿克苏蓝片岩带；(5) 内蒙古温都尔庙蓝片岩带；(6) 贺根山-苏尼特左旗蓝片岩带；(7) 北阿尔金蓝片岩带；(8) 祁连山蓝片岩带；(9) 西秦岭蓝片岩带；(10) 东秦岭-桐柏-大别蓝片岩带；(11) 苏北蓝片岩带；(12) 黑龙江牡丹江-依兰-萝北蓝片岩带；(13) 甘孜-理塘结合带；(14) 金沙江-哀牢山蓝片岩带；(15) 西藏羌塘龙木措-双湖蓝片岩带；(16) 滇西南澜沧江南段蓝片岩带；(17) 西藏雅鲁藏布江蓝片岩带；(18) 南迦巴瓦榴辉岩蓝片岩带；(19) 赣东北德兴-弋阳蓝片岩带；(20) 台湾玉里蓝片岩带
Figure 1. Simplified map of distribution of major blueschist zone in China
表 2 中国蓝片岩时空分布特征
Table 2. Features of temporal-spatial distribution of blueschists in China
高压变质带 蓝片岩带位置及编号 原岩
类型典型高压
变质矿物蓝片岩相平衡
矿物共生组合变质相 年代/Ma 资料来源 元古代 天山褶皱带 新疆阿克苏(4) 1 Cro、Bar Ⅲ B 1100 Liou等[23] 江南隆起
西缘江西德兴
(赣东北德兴-弋阳)(19)3 Cro、Jd Ⅰ A 864.5±19
867.5±13.5苏良树等[24] 路台北缘
高压变质带古生代(加里东—海西期) 新疆南天山库米什(3) 1 Gln、Cro Ⅱ，Ⅲ A 350 高俊等[25] 新疆西天山特克斯(2) 1 Gln、Cro、Law Ⅰ，Ⅲ，Ⅳ 早：A
晚：B408
345高俊等[26] 北阿尔金(7) 3 Gln、Law、Phe、 Ⅰ B 490~515 张建新等[27] 内蒙古温都尔庙(5) 2 Gln、Law、Arag Ⅰ，Ⅲ，Ⅴ A 426±15 王秉方[28] 贺根山-苏尼特左旗(6) 1 Gln、Cro Ⅱ，Ⅲ B 400 包志伟等[29] 新疆唐巴勒-艾比湖(1) 2 Gln、Cro Ⅱ，Ⅲ B 450~475 张立飞[30] 华中高压
变质带祁连山(8) 1 Gln、Cro、
Jd、AragⅠ，Ⅱ，
Ⅲ，Ⅴ早：B
中：A
晚：B406~454
420~490
415±7吴汉泉[31]；
宋述光[32]；
林宜慧等[33]中生代(印支—燕山期) 西秦岭(9) 2 Gln、Cro、Pie Ⅱ，Ⅳ，Ⅴ 早：A
晚：B东秦岭-桐柏-大别(10) 3 Cro、Pie、Na-Aug Ⅱ，Ⅳ，Ⅴ B 220 葛宁洁等[34] 黑龙江牡丹江-依兰-
萝北(12)1 Gln Ⅱ A 210~250 Zhou等[35] 苏北(江苏北部)(11) 1 Cro、Jd、Pie ⅢⅣⅤ A 258 许志琴[36] 印度-喜马
拉雅高压带甘孜-理塘(13)
金沙江-哀牢山
(墨江)(14)2 Cro、Mri、Gln Ⅲ A 240~210 Liou等[23]；
莫宣学等[37]
顾徳林等[38]；
沙绍礼[39]班公湖(西藏羌塘)(15)
怒江、滇西澜沧江-昌宁-
孟连(16)3 Gln、Cro、
Na-Aug、LawⅠ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ 409~519
193~260周维全等[40]；
彭兴阶[41]；
罗万林等[42]；
瞿明国[43]；
赵靖等[44]新生代(喜马拉雅期) 雅鲁藏布江(17) 2 Gln、Jd、Law、
AragⅠ，Ⅱ B 59 李才等[21] 南迦巴瓦(18) 2 Gt B 50 张泽明等[45] 环太平洋
高压带台湾玉理(20) 2 Gln、Cro Ⅱ，Ⅳ B 9~14 Liou等[23] 原岩类型：1—基性火山岩、硅质岩；2—基性火山岩、硅质岩伴超基性岩；3—细碧角斑岩(中基性火山岩、碎屑岩)
矿物共生组合：Ⅰ—Gln+Law+Chl+Jd+Ep±Arag；Ⅱ—Gln+Ep+Chl+Ab+Q；Ⅲ—Cro+Ep+Chl+Q±Act；Ⅳ—Cro+Ep+Chl+Q+Gt±Pie；Ⅴ—Omp+Gt+Gln；
变质相：A—蓝闪-硬柱石片岩相；B—蓝闪绿片岩相
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