APPLICATION OF SPATIAL DATABASE TECHNOLOGY AND SEISMIC GAP METHOD TO SEISMIC HAZARD ANALYSIS AROUND SOUTH-EASTERN TIBETAN PLATEAU
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摘要: 以ARCGIS系列软件和VS 2010、SQL Server 2008为平台, 通过融合集成活动构造、地震地质和国家基础地理信息, 在初步建立的青藏高原东南缘活动构造空间数据库系统基础上, 利用地震围空区方法, 针对研究区进行区域大地震危险性中长期预测分析。通过地震信息分时间、分震级的整理与数据输出, 分析汇总了11例M≥7.0大震震例的地震空区活动图像以及围空区发震震级与围空区特征与参数。在总结出的经验公式基础上, 进一步利用1950-2012年的M≥5.0地震数据, 对该区地震围空区的发生与发育状况进行了初步分析与研究, 并对未来可能发生大震的发震位置及震级进行了综合分析。研究结果表明, 玉树-鲜水河-小江断裂带所围限的青藏高原东南缘地区存在6个比较突出的与区域重要的晚第四纪活动构造带或断裂带相对应的大地震围空区, 分别是错那-沃卡裂谷, 东喜马拉雅构造结, 安宁河-则木河断裂, 南汀河断裂-红河断裂, 畹町断裂-南汀河断裂, 澜沧-景洪断裂东段。这些围空区中主要活动断裂带的晚第四纪活动性与历史地震活动状况也都显示出未来几年至几十年存在发生大地震的危险性, 在今后的地震预报工作中应给予特别关注。应用实践表明, 通过活动构造数据库的建设可快速有效地实现对区域大地震围空区的动态分析、辨别及大地震危险性初判。Abstract: Based on the software platform of ArcGIS (invented by ESRI), VS2010, and SQL Server 2008, the spatial database system of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau active tectonic zones that can provide a useful platform for predicting the mid-long term megaseism on active tectonic zones is preliminary established. Taking the study of active faults of southeastern Tibetan Plateau as an example, the research result shows the platform is effective and practical to predict the megaseism. According to the active faults database, 11 cases of the seismic gap's (M≥7.0) parameters and characteristics classified by time are analyzed. On the basis of the empirical formula, this paper propose preliminary analysis on the development of the seismic gaps (M≥5.0) data from 1950 to 2012 and comprehensive analysis on the potential hypocenter and magnitude in southeastern Tibetan Plateau in the future. The results show there are six significant potential seismic gaps around the southeastern Tibetan Plateau that confined by Yushu-Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang Fault, including the Cona-Oiga rift zone, eastern Himalayan syntaxis, Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang Fault zone, Nantinghe and Honghe Fault, Wanding fault-Nanting River fault zone, with the eastern segment of the Lancang-Jinghong fault zone being dangerous areas in next few years probably. Combining with the historical seismicity, late quaternary activity of the active faults in seismic gap indicate the forthcoming earthquake prediction should be paid great attention to.
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Key words:
- spatial database /
- active fault /
- seismic hazard /
- seismic gap /
- earthquake prediction
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图 2 青藏高原东南缘活动构造体系图及震中分布图(左上角为“川滇弧形旋钮活动构造体系”①)
Ⅰ川滇外弧带:Ⅰ-1—玉树-鲜水河-安宁河-则木河-小江-Dien-Bien-Phu边界变形带;Ⅰ-2—雅江-楚雄-景洪断块区;Ⅱ滇西内弧带(中甸—保山弧形扭旋活动构造体系):Ⅱ-1—理塘-大理-瑞丽边界变形带;Ⅱ-2—泸水-保山断块区;F1—错那-沃卡裂谷;F2—东喜马拉雅构造结;F3-1—玉树-甘孜断裂;F3-2—鲜水河断裂;F3-3—安宁河断裂;F3-4—则木河断裂;F3-5—小江断裂;F4—南汀河断裂;F5—红河断裂;F6—畹町断裂;F7—澜沧断裂-景洪断裂
Figure 2. Active tectonic system about the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and epicenter distribution
表 1 青藏高原东南缘历史地震围空区特征值统计
Table 1. The characteristics of history seismic gap around the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau
编号 发震时间 发震断裂 震中
位置纬度 经度 空区
名称M 地震围空区特征参数 m T/a L/km S/km2 m 1 1950-08-15 喜马拉松山前主边界逆冲断裂带 察隅 28.24 96.42 察隅 8.6 6 28 426 27367 6.70 2 1951-11-18 崩错断裂带 当雄 31.06 91.24 当雄 8.0 5 31 202 8598 5.78 3 1955-04-14 鲜水河断裂带东南段 康定西南 30.00 101.48 康定 7.5 5 20 167 4019 5.83 4 1970-01-05 峨山—曲江断裂带 通海 24.20 102.68 通海 7.7 6 49 273 7313 6.20 5 1973-02-06 鲜水河断裂带西段 炉霍附近 31.30 100.70 炉霍 7.6 5 21 240 6082 5.69 6 1976-05-29 龙陵—龙新共轭走滑断裂带 龙陵东部 24.50 99.00 龙陵 7.3 5 19 230 8202 5.49 7 1988-11-06 澜沧—景洪断裂带北西段 澜沧北部 22.92 99.79 澜沧 7.4 5 18 222 6809 5.82 8 1995-07-11 勐连断裂带 勐连西部 21.96 99.16 勐连 7.3 3 11 31 215 4.72 9 1996-02-03 哈巴—玉龙雪山东麓断裂 丽江 27.32 100.33 丽江 7.1 3 20 87 637 3.88 10 2008-05-12 龙门山断裂带中段 汶川 31.01 103.42 汶川 8.0 6 54 201 4299 6.63 11 2010-04-14 玉树—甘孜断裂带玉树段 玉树隆宝湖北 33.22 96.59 玉树 7.1 4 25 125 2994 4.10 注:M为发震震级;m为围空地震震级起点;T为围空时间;L为围空区轴长;S为围空区面积;为围空地震平均震级 表 2 青藏高原东南缘现今主要地震围空区特征与参数
Table 2. Characteristics and Parameters of present seismic gap around the southeastern margin of Tibetan Plateau
编
号围空区主要
活动构造或断裂时间段 持续时间 震
级地震围空区特征 地震围空区发震震级 N m T/a L/km S/km 2 M(m) M(T) M(L) M(S) m Ⅰ 错那—沃卡裂谷 1950—2012 1951—2010 6 15 6.51 60 310 18697 7.99 8.15 7.97 8.18 7.82±0.19 1970—2012 1987—2009 5 11 5.53 23 297 11714 7.60 7.53 7.92 7.83 1970—2012 1970—2010 6 12 6.28 41 289 14503 7.90 7.84 7.89 7.97 1990—2012 1992—2010 5 10 5.62 19 285 10770 7.64 7.47 7.88 7.79 2005—2012 2005—2012 5 15 5.63 8 287 17318 7.64 7.28 7.89 8.12 Ⅱ 东喜马拉雅构造结 1950—2012 1950—1989 6 14 6.63 56 225 9793 8.04 8.09 7.68 7.74 7.86±0.28 1970—2012 1075—2003 5 20 5.38 29 262 10501 7.54 7.63 7.80 7.77 1970—2012 1996—2008 6 12 6.41 13 298 9197 7.95 7.37 7.92 7.71 1970—2012 1970—2011 6 17 6.28 42 474 22830 7.90 7.85 8.52 8.39 1990—2012 1992—2009 5 22 5.47 18 273 13980 7.58 7.45 7.84 7.95 2005—2012 2005—2012 5 14 5.38 8 391 33521 7.54 7.28 8.24 8.93 Ⅲ 安宁河—则木河断裂带 1950—2012 1952—2008 6 12 6.47 57 145 6076 7.98 8.10 7.40 7.55 7.66±0.16 1970—2012 1970—2012 5 23 5.43 43 166 6387 7.56 7.87 7.48 7.57 1970—2012 1970—2010 5 26 5.46 40 209 4438 7.57 7.82 7.62 7.47 1970—2012 1974—2008 6 10 6.38 35 245 8026 7.94 7.73 7.74 7.65 1990—2012 1991—2012 5 16 5.59 22 168 6007 7.62 7.52 7.48 7.55 2005—2012 2005—2012 5 17 5.64 8 275 11863 7.64 7.28 7.85 7.84 Ⅳ 南汀河断裂东段—红河断裂沅江段 1950—2012 1951—2009 6 18 6.55 59 213 7676 8.01 8.14 7.64 7.63 7.66±0.18 1970—2012 1970—2006 5 21 5.63 37 176 3865 7.64 7.77 7.51 7.44 1970—2012 1970—2009 6 17 6.54 40 188 6453 8.00 7.82 7.55 7.57 1990—2012 1993—2007 5 11 5.43 15 172 3640 7.56 7.40 7.50 7.43 Ⅴ 畹町断裂—南汀河断裂带 1950—2012 1971—2012 6 15 6.51 42 182 7827 7.99 7.85 7.53 7.64 7.69±0.14 1970—2012 1971—2012 5 19 5.72 42 167 9373 7.68 7.85 7.48 7.72 1970—2012 1971—2012 6 12 6.43 41 167 7356 7.96 7.84 7.48 7.62 1990—2012 1990—2012 5 16 5.79 23 188 6356 7.70 7.53 7.55 7.57 Ⅳ &
Ⅴ畹町断裂—南汀河断裂带 2005—2012 2005—2012 5 20 5.62 8 349 17895 7.64 7.28 8.10 8.14 7.79±0.33 Ⅵ 澜沧—景洪断裂东南段 1950—2012 1950—2007 6 9 6.42 58 101 1671 7.96 8.12 7.26 7.33 7.6±0.23 1970—2012 1972—2007 5 12 5.44 36 90 1299 7.56 7.75 7.22 7.31 1970—2012 1973—2003 6 15 6.55 41 221 5879 8.01 7.84 7.66 7.54 1990—2012 1995—2007 5 9 5.76 13 197 1747 7.69 7.37 7.58 7.34 注:N为围空地震数量;M为围空地震震级;T为围空时间;L为围空区轴长;S为围空区面积;m为围空地震平均震级;M(m)以m相关的线性关系推算发震震级,误差±0.2;M(T)以T相关的线性关系推算发震震级,误差±0.14;M(L)以L相关的线性关系推算发震震级,误差±0.24;M(S)以S相关的线性关系推算发震震级,误差为±0.2;m为围空区不同时间段汇总的平均震级 -
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