TECTONIC DEVELOPMENT AND ORE-CONTROLING CHARACTERISTICS OF XIAOQINLING GOLD FIELD
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摘要: 通过收集和分析小秦岭金矿田地质资料, 重点对典型矿床不同标高探矿工程进行系统研究, 探讨了该矿田的控矿构造特征。研究认为, 受褶皱构造控制, 区内含金石英脉多位于杨砦峪—大月坪—金罗斑复式背形轴部或背形局部侧转处; 矿田内部控矿断裂发育可分为成矿前断裂(早期韧性剪切带)、成矿早期断裂(中期脆韧或韧脆性剪切带)和主成矿期断裂(晚期脆性断裂)3个时期, 主要控矿断裂大致可分为近东西向、北东向、北西向和近南北向共4组; 区内矿体和矿床的大小直接由构造带及单条断裂的规模决定, 同时因构造活动期次、构造变形类型和强度的不同, 造成区内矿脉赋存状态各异以及矿化不均衡现象普遍存在。研究成果可为本区开展大比例尺成矿预测提供借鉴。Abstract: Through analyzing the collected geological data of xiaoqinling gold field, the different levels of exploration engineering on typical ore deposits were studied systematically and the ore-controlling tectonic characteristics of the mine field were discussed. The research shows that under the control of the folds, most auriferous quartz veins are located at the axes or corners of Yangzhaiyu-Dayueping-Jinluoban compound antiform. The development of ore-controlling faults inside the mine field can be divided into three stages: pre-minerogenic faults (the early ductile shear zone), early minerogenic faults (the middle brittle-ductile or ductile-brittle shear zone) and main metallogenic faults (the late brittle fault zone). Accordingly the main ore-controlling faults can be roughly divided into four groups: nearly EW, NE, NW and NS. The sizes of the ore bodies and ore deposits are directly determined by the structural belts and the scale of one single fault in the area, and because of the difference in the tectonic activity stages, tectonic deformation types and strength, the veins are in different occurrence state and the mineralization imbalance phenomenon is widespread. These research results can provide reference for carrying out metallogenetic prediction in large scale in this area.
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Key words:
- Xiaoqinling /
- gold deposits /
- ore field structure /
- ore-controlling characteristics
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图 1 小秦岭金矿田区域地质构造略图(据文献[4]修编)
Figure 1. The sketch map showing the regional tectonics of Xiaoqinling gold field
图 2 小秦岭金矿田区域矿产分布略图(据文献[4]修编)
1—第四系；2—中元古界蓟县系；3—中元古界长城系；4—太古界太华群；5—燕山期花岗岩；6—晋宁期花岗岩；7—背形构造；8—向形构造；9—区域边界断裂及编号；10—界面滑脱带；11—地质界线及地层不整合界线；12—大型金矿床；13—中型金矿床；14—小型金矿床；15—小秦岭金矿田
Figure 2. The sketch map showing the regional mineral distribution in Xiaoqinling gold field
图 3 小秦岭金矿田东桐峪—麻峪一带含金矿矿脉分布略图
1—第四系；2—第三系；3—太华群上亚群；4—太华群中亚群；5—太华群下亚群；6—蓟县系；7—黑云母二长花岗岩；8—黑云母斑状花岗岩；9—蚀变辉绿岩；10—花岗伟晶岩；11—石英正长斑岩；12—北西向控矿断裂；13—北东向控矿断裂；14—近东西向控矿断裂；15—近南北向控矿断裂；16—大型金矿床；17—中型金矿床；18—小型金矿床
Figure 3. Distributions of gold veins in Dongtongyu-Mayu area of Xiaoqinling gold field
图 4 东桐峪一带中期脆韧性(韧脆性)叠加早期韧性剪切带现象
a—600中段，中期脆韧性(韧脆性)叠加早期韧性剪切带；b—600中段，脆韧性与韧性剪切叠加部位，形成北东向走滑带，具左旋剪切特征；c—600中段，脆韧性与韧性剪切叠加部位强弱应变带发育；d—600中段，中期脆韧性(韧脆性)叠加早期韧性剪切带，并伴随金矿化现象
Figure 4. Middle brittle-ductile shearing superposed on the early ductile shear zone in Dongtongyu
图 5 东桐峪一带近东西向断裂不同标高地质特征
a—600中段，晚期脆性断裂叠加早期韧性断裂边缘形成多金属矿化(断面波状弯曲)；b—600中段，晚期脆性断裂叠加早期韧性断裂引起的构造膨胀部位形成厚大含矿石英脉；c—400中段，晚期脆性断裂叠加韧脆性断裂引起边缘石英脉碎裂化；d—640中段，含矿石英脉中围岩捕虏体；e—1016中段，含矿石英脉中围岩捕虏体；f—400中段晚期脆性断裂叠加早期形成石英脉，致使内部捕虏体碎裂
Figure 5. Geological characteristics of nearly EW trending faults at different elevation in Dongtongyu area
图 6 东桐峪一带600 m标高北东向断裂地质特征
a—600中段，南东倾组断裂陡立断面；b—600中段，片理面与主断面斜交，锐角指向上盘相对逆冲；c—600中段，上盘脆性叠加下盘韧脆性断裂，上盘形成牵引褶皱，下盘受拖拽影响形成帚状构造；d—600中段，断裂具分支复合特征
Figure 6. Geological characteristics of NE trending faults at 600 m elevation in Dongtongyu area
图 7 东桐峪一带不同标高北西向断裂地质特征
a—400中段，围岩与含多金属矿石英脉接触带褪色化；b—610中段，辉绿岩脉边缘贯入含多金属矿石英脉，辉绿岩褪色化；c—400中段，辉绿岩脉边缘含多金属矿石英脉尖灭现象；d—610中段，北东向陡倾断裂下盘辉绿岩脉边缘贯入厚大含多金属矿石英脉
Figure 7. Geological characteristics of NW trending faults at different elevation in Dongtongyu
图 8 蒿岔峪—麻峪不同标高近南北向断裂地质特征
a—800 m中段，矿脉边缘陡立断面可见清晰擦痕、阶步；b—700 m中段，脆性断裂内充填多金属矿石英脉，断面陡直如刀切；c—850 m中段，控矿断裂走向呈弧形弯曲；d—600 m中段，脉内多金属硫化物组成的矿脉束延伸方向与脉壁及主裂面平行
Figure 8. Geological characteristics of nearly SN trending faults at different elevation in Haochayu-Mayu area
表 1 断裂构造分类一览表
Table 1. Faults classification
近东西向断裂 北东向断裂 北西向断裂 近南北向断裂 产状 走向/(°) 260~285 35~55 60~70 320~340 350~10 倾向/(°) 170~205 125~130 310~330 150~160 230~250 60 260~280 倾角/(°) 33~65 67~75 35~43 50~70 55~80 50 65~85 断裂性质 压扭性 压扭性 压扭性 张扭性 代表矿脉 Q8，Q8501，Q2051 Q12 Q640-4 Q301 Q3057 Q102 Q315 
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