山东招远水旺庄金矿深部地应力特征及其岩爆倾向性分析

柳禄湧; 李凯舟; 王能伟; 杨志杰; 杨冬铭; 孙尧

doi:10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.20232910

山东招远水旺庄金矿深部地应力特征及其岩爆倾向性分析

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.20232910

1.
山东省地质矿产勘查开发局第六地质大队，山东威海 264209
2.
山东省国土空间生态修复中心，山东济南 250014
3.
中国地质科学院地质力学研究所，北京 100081

基金项目: 山东省地矿局2019年科技创新项目（KY201916）；山东省地矿局2022年科技攻关项目（KY202208）

详细信息

作者简介:
柳禄湧（1989—），男，工程师，主要从事矿区开采技术条件、区域水工环地质等调查和研究工作。 E-mail：342990323@qq.com

通讯作者:
李凯舟（1988—），男，工程师，主要从事水工环地质、地热勘查、海洋地质等基础地质调查工作。E-mail：443241915@qq.com

中图分类号: P315.72+7；P634.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-03-10
- 修回日期: 2023-04-23
- 录用日期: 2023-04-28

In-situ stress characteristics and rockburst tendency of surrounding rocks in the Shuiwangzhuang gold deposit, Zhaoyuan, Shandong province

1.
The Sixth Geological Team of Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development, Weihai 264209, Shandong, China
2.
Shandong Provincial Territorial Spatial Ecelogical Center, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
3.
Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

Funds: This research is financially supported by the 2019 Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Grant KY201916) and the 2022 Key Science and Technology Project of Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Grant KY202208).

摘要

摘要:
通过山东省招远市水旺庄金矿1881.08 m深孔水压致裂原地应力测量，获取了矿区深部地应力特征及其随深度的变化规律。结果表明：该矿区最大主应力随深度增加具有呈线性增大趋势，800.00 m以浅原位地应力状态以水平应力为主，随深度增加铅直主应力逐渐过渡为最大主应力；其中，最大水平主应力为11.22～45.69 MPa，最小水平主应力为7.28～36.17 MPa，铅直主应力为8.44～48.27 MPa，最大水平主应力方向为北西西向。根据该矿区应力量值及其最大水平主应力方向，分析了深部矿体地应力特征，水旺庄矿区深部地应力在招远−莱州地区属于一般偏低水平。结合钻孔岩芯岩石力学参数，基于工程岩体分级标准及岩石块体弹性应变能理论，对高围压环境下深部矿体开挖过程中，地下巷道发生岩爆的倾向性进行了分析讨论，水旺庄金矿总体属于无岩爆或弱岩爆的地层，但局部如1102.78 m、1379.40 m深度存在强烈岩爆倾向性，金矿矿体所处的1680.40~1684.90 m深度大体位于无岩爆区域。上述研究成果可为深部矿山建设与开采设计提供重要的科学依据。
- 水旺庄金矿 /
- 深孔水压致裂法 /
- 原位地应力测量 /
- 深部地应力特征 /
- 岩爆倾向性
Abstract:
We carried out hydraulic fracturing in-situ stress measurements in an 1881-m deep borehole at the Shuiwangzhuang gold deposit and obtained the variation law of deep in-situ stress with depth in the mining area. The measurement results show that the maximum principal stress has an increasing linear trend with depth. The horizontal stress dominates the in-situ stress state within 800 m, and the vertical stress gradually transitions to the maximum principal stress with increasing depth. The maximum horizontal principal stress ranges from 11.22 to 45.69 MPa, the minimum horizontal principal stress from 7.28 to 36.17 MPa, and the vertical principal stress from 8.44 to 48.27 MPa; The direction of the maximum horizontal principal stress is NWW-trending. We analyzed the characteristics of the deep orebody’s in-situ stress according to the stress value and the direction of the maximum horizontal principal stress, which reveals that the deep in-situ stress of the Shuiwangzhuang mining area belongs to the generally low level in the Zhaoyuan–Laizhou area. We discussed the tendency of rockburst in the underground roadway during deep excavation under a high confining pressure environment based on rock mechanics parameters of drill cores, engineering rock grading standards, and elastic strain energy theory of rock bodies. The Shuiwangzhuang gold orebodies generally belong to the rockburst-free strata or strata with weak rockbursts. However, there is a strong rockburst tendency at depths such as 1102.78 m and 1379.40 m. The gold ore body is at a depth of 1680.40~1684.90 m, generally in the rockburst-free area. The above research results can provide an essential scientific basis for deep mine construction and mining design.
- Shuiwangzhuang gold deposit /
- hydraulic fracturing in deep borehole /
- in-situ stress measurement /
- characteristics of deep in-situ stress /
- rockburst tendency

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图 1 水旺庄金矿周边地质构造简图（刘向东等，2022）

Figure 1. Simplified tectonic map around the Shuiwangzhuang gold deposit（Liu et al.，2022）

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图 2 水旺庄金矿深部矿体剖面图

Figure 2. Section of the deep orebody of the Shuiwangzhuang gold deposit

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图 3 水旺庄金矿6ZKC1钻孔典型测量曲线

Figure 3. Typical hydraulic fracturing measurement curves of the borehole 6ZKC1 in the Shuiwangzhuang gold deposit

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图 4 水旺庄金矿6ZKC1孔主应力值随深度变化特征

Figure 4. Principal stress values with depth in the borehole 6ZKC1 in the Shuiwangzhuang gold deposit

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图 5 水旺庄金矿主应力值与招远−莱州区域地应力值比较（招远−莱州区域地应力数据引自彭华和孙尧，2016a，2016b；裴峰，2020；孙尧和彭华，2021；侯奎奎等，2022）

Figure 5. Comparison of the principal stress values between the Shuiwangzhuang gold deposit and the Zhaoyuan–Laizhou area (In-situ stress data of the Zhaoyuan–Laizhou area are cited from Peng and Sun, 2016a, 2016b; Pei, 2020; Sun and Peng, 2021; Hou et al., 2022)

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图 6 基于能量积聚方法的水旺庄金矿岩爆倾向性分布图

Figure 6. The distribution map of rockburst tendency of the Shuiwangzhuang gold deposit based on the theory of elastic strain energy

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表 1 水压致裂地应力测量结果

Table 1. Results of in-situ stress measurement using hydraulic fracturing

测段深度/m	压裂参数/MPa					主应力值/MPa			破裂方位
测段深度/m	P_b	P_r	P_s	P₀	T	S_H	S_h	S_v	破裂方位
318.80	10.48	4.36	4.15	3.12	6.12	11.22	7.28	8.44
370.00	8.34	4.66	4.42	3.63	3.68	12.24	8.05	9.79
430.60	8.06	4.83	4.66	4.22	3.23	13.38	8.88	11.39
470.40	10.06	5.43	5.04	4.61	4.63	14.29	9.65	12.45
528.60	11.27	5.75	5.33	5.18	5.52	15.43	10.51	13.99
618.60	16.43	10.04	7.48	6.06	6.39	18.47	13.54	16.37
702.50	13.51	6.85	6.29	6.88	6.66	18.91	13.18	18.59
818.40	11.95	7.57	6.92	8.02	4.38	21.22	14.94	21.65	NW66.2°
931.30	15.22	8.43	7.61	9.13	6.79	23.52	16.73	24.64
1045.50	17.90	15.53	11.07	10.25	2.37	27.93	21.32	27.66
1196.00	22.16	16.52	11.92	11.72	5.64	30.95	23.64	31.65
1286.00	29.23	23.11	15.09	12.60	6.12	34.75	27.69	34.03
1379.50	28.76	25.08	16.21	13.52	3.68	37.08	29.73	36.50
1459.00	25.31	22.08	15.09	14.30	3.23	37.50	29.39	38.61
1481.00	25.45	20.82	14.59	14.51	4.63	37.47	29.11	39.19
1546.00	26.83	21.31	14.99	15.15	5.52	38.80	30.14	40.91
1583.20	27.85	21.46	15.15	15.52	6.39	39.51	30.67	41.89
1652.80	25.92	19.26	14.36	16.20	6.66	40.02	30.56	43.73	NW71.5°
1737.50	27.12	22.74	16.14	17.03	4.38	42.70	33.17	45.97
1757.40	31.17	24.38	16.92	17.22	6.79	43.60	34.14	46.50
1824.10	32.45	27.08	18.30	17.88	5.37	45.69	36.17	48.27

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表 2 基于工程岩体分级标准的水旺庄金矿岩爆倾向性预测

Table 2. Prediction of rockburst tendency of the Shuiwangzhuang gold deposit based on the engineering rock classification standards

开挖深度/m	单轴抗压强度R_c/MPa	最大主应力 σ_max/MPa	R_c/σ_max	岩爆倾向	开挖深度/m	单轴抗压强度R_c/MPa	最大主应力 σ_max/MPa	R_c/σ_max	岩爆倾向
22.28	17.72	3.95	4.49	高应力，中等岩爆	1123.05	11.87	30.32	0.39	极高应力，强烈岩爆
88.50	49.02	5.48	8.95	低应力，无岩爆	1162.42	15.91	31.39	0.51
95.28	19.09	5.63	3.39	极高应力，强烈岩爆	1178.00	22.82	31.81	0.72
163.58	77.28	7.20	10.73	低应力，无岩爆	1229.85	16.93	33.21	0.51
181.27	99.08	7.61	13.02	低应力，无岩爆	1279.40	47.86	34.54	1.39
250.44	43.52	9.20	4.73	高应力，中等岩爆	1304.74	12.55	35.23	0.36
316.40	100.08	10.72	9.34	低应力，无岩爆	1349.40	86.98	36.43	2.39
349.20	67.28	11.47	5.87	高应力，中等岩爆	1394.46	55.07	37.65	1.46
415.40	52.81	12.99	4.07	高应力，中等岩爆	1429.00	41.86	38.58	1.09
486.96	48.01	14.64	3.28	极高应力，强烈岩爆	1446.31	62.49	39.05	1.60
530.32	98.77	15.64	6.32	高应力，中等岩爆	1463.00	25.29	39.50	0.64
586.78	60.52	16.94	3.57	极高应力，强烈岩爆	1498.87	32.35	40.47	0.80
610.10	4.61	17.47	0.26	极高应力，强烈岩爆	1513.00	48.88	40.85	1.20
653.72	125.18	18.48	6.77	高应力，中等岩爆	1522.00	44.28	41.09	1.08
694.53	140.27	19.41	7.23	低应力，无岩爆	1547.65	53.08	41.79	1.27
748.61	54.16	20.66	2.62	极高应力，强烈岩爆	1593.27	69.49	43.02	1.62
794.66	20.25	21.72	0.93		1641.49	26.34	44.32	0.59
843.12	22.24	22.83	0.97		1671.59	77.37	45.13	1.71
876.86	19.58	23.68	0.83		1712.61	34.41	46.24	0.74
919.31	56.22	24.82	2.27		1719.00	71.88	46.41	1.55
947.11	63.32	25.57	2.48		1738.96	48.45	46.95	1.03
980.95	58.57	26.49	2.21		1775.32	62.19	47.93	1.30
1018.55	41.48	27.50	1.51		1811.42	121.4	48.91	2.48
1049.68	28.08	28.34	0.99		1862.34	48.4	50.28	0.96
1102.78	6.46	29.78	0.22

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表 3 基于能量积聚方法的水旺庄金矿岩爆倾向性预测

Table 3. Prediction of rockburst tendency of the Shuiwangzhuang gold deposit based on the theory of elastic strain energy

开挖深度/m	单轴抗压强度/MPa	σ₁/MPa	σ₂/MPa	σ₃/MPa	泊松比	弹性模量	弹性应变能/（kJ/m³）	极限储能/（kJ/m³）	U/U₀	岩爆倾向
22.28	17.72	3.95	0.83	0.60	0.22	3.49	2.00	494.35	0.0040	无岩爆
88.50	49.02	5.48	2.39	2.09	0.17	3.21	4.68	539.79	0.0087	无岩爆
95.28	19.09	5.63	2.57	2.22	0.26	2.00	6.56	543.72	0.0121	无岩爆
163.58	77.28	7.20	4.42	3.52	0.22	7.40	3.50	583.30	0.0060	无岩爆
181.27	99.08	7.61	4.89	3.85	0.23	9.46	3.03	593.55	0.0051	无岩爆
250.44	43.52	9.20	6.76	5.17	0.21	4.63	10.40	633.63	0.0164	无岩爆
316.40	100.08	10.72	8.54	6.42	0.20	4.26	16.78	671.86	0.0250	无岩爆
349.20	67.28	11.47	9.43	7.04	0.17	6.60	13.89	690.87	0.0201	无岩爆
415.40	52.81	12.99	11.22	8.30	0.21	6.10	17.86	729.23	0.0245	无岩爆
486.96	48.01	14.64	13.15	9.66	0.20	4.06	36.47	770.70	0.0473	无岩爆
530.32	98.77	15.64	14.32	10.49	0.21	6.89	24.20	795.83	0.0304	无岩爆
586.78	60.52	16.94	15.84	11.56	0.24	7.20	25.05	828.54	0.0302	无岩爆
610.10	4.61	17.47	16.47	12.00	0.27	1.15	150.11	842.06	0.1783	无岩爆
653.72	125.18	18.48	17.65	12.83	0.16	7.06	40.00	867.34	0.0461	无岩爆
694.53	140.27	19.41	18.75	13.61	0.21	6.89	39.38	890.99	0.0442	无岩爆
748.61	54.16	20.66	20.21	14.63	0.13	4.02	97.68	922.32	0.1059	无岩爆
794.66	20.25	21.72	21.46	15.51	0.20	3.20	112.23	949.01	0.1183	无岩爆
843.12	22.24	22.83	22.76	16.43	0.18	3.52	121.11	977.09	0.1240	无岩爆
876.86	19.58	23.68	23.61	17.07	0.17	3.35	141.01	996.65	0.1415	无岩爆
919.31	56.22	24.82	24.58	17.88	0.22	4.88	90.47	1021.25	0.0886	无岩爆
947.11	63.32	25.57	25.22	18.41	0.17	4.95	110.28	1037.36	0.1063	无岩爆
980.95	58.57	26.49	26.00	19.05	0.16	5.22	114.95	1056.97	0.1088	无岩爆
1018.55	41.48	27.50	26.87	19.76	0.20	3.00	190.56	1078.75	0.1766	无岩爆
1049.68	28.08	28.34	27.58	20.35	0.22	3.50	161.93	1096.79	0.1476	无岩爆
1102.78	6.46	29.78	28.80	21.36	0.37	0.32	956.08	1127.57	0.8479	严重岩爆
1123.05	11.87	30.32	29.27	21.75	0.26	1.26	441.95	1139.31	0.3879	弱岩爆
1162.42	15.91	31.39	30.18	22.50	0.27	1.19	480.01	1162.13	0.4130	中等岩爆
1178.00	22.82	31.81	30.53	22.79	0.25	1.85	342.54	1171.16	0.2925	无岩爆
1229.85	16.93	33.21	31.73	23.78	0.18	2.78	312.86	1201.20	0.2605	无岩爆
1279.40	47.86	34.54	32.87	24.72	0.15	1.85	552.43	1229.92	0.4492	中等岩爆
1304.74	12.55	35.23	33.45	25.20	0.20	4.38	209.05	1244.60	0.1680	无岩爆
1349.40	86.98	36.43	34.48	26.05	0.19	1.23	819.24	1270.48	0.6448	强烈岩爆
1394.46	55.07	37.65	35.51	26.90	0.23	6.89	136.58	1296.59	0.1053	无岩爆
1429.00	41.86	38.58	36.31	27.56	0.18	4.07	284.90	1316.61	0.2164	无岩爆
1446.31	62.49	39.05	36.71	27.89	0.23	5.15	196.00	1326.64	0.1477	无岩爆
1463.00	25.29	39.50	37.09	28.21	0.27	2.08	426.40	1336.31	0.3191	弱岩爆
1498.87	32.35	40.47	37.91	28.89	0.19	5.43	227.10	1357.10	0.1673	无岩爆
1513.00	48.88	40.85	38.24	29.16	0.17	3.31	402.72	1365.29	0.2950	无岩爆
1522.00	44.28	41.09	38.45	29.33	0.19	5.09	249.52	1370.50	0.1821	无岩爆
1547.65	53.08	41.79	39.04	29.82	0.24	4.68	237.10	1385.37	0.1711	无岩爆
1593.27	69.49	43.02	40.09	30.68	0.22	2.14	588.35	1411.80	0.4167	中等岩爆
1641.49	26.34	44.32	41.19	31.60	0.23	4.20	306.77	1439.75	0.2131	无岩爆
1671.59	77.37	45.13	41.89	32.17	0.23	3.73	357.78	1457.19	0.2455	无岩爆
1712.61	34.41	46.24	42.83	32.95	0.18	3.77	436.17	1480.96	0.2945	无岩爆
1719.00	71.88	46.41	42.98	33.07	0.21	3.69	408.60	1484.67	0.2752	无岩爆
1738.96	48.45	46.95	43.44	33.45	0.20	5.60	284.37	1496.23	0.1901	无岩爆
1775.32	62.19	47.93	44.27	34.14	0.24	5.54	261.16	1517.30	0.1721	无岩爆
1811.42	121.40	48.91	45.10	34.83	0.16	3.38	574.79	1538.22	0.3737	弱岩爆
1862.34	48.40	50.28	46.27	35.79	0.24	7.28	218.07	1567.73	0.1391	无岩爆

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