Late Quateranry paleoseismicity of the Xitieshan-Amunikeshan section of the northern margin fault of the Qaidam Basin
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摘要: 柴达木盆地北缘断裂带是青藏高原北部的一条区域性活动断裂带，构成了柴达木盆地北部和祁连山的边界断裂，研究其第四纪晚期古地震活动对于理解柴达木盆地北缘断裂带地震复发周期、地震危险性等具有重要意义。通过地质考察、遥感解译、探槽开挖及OSL地质测年、古地震期次分析等，对柴达木盆地北缘断裂(锡铁山-阿木尼克山段)古地震事件进行了研究。研究表明：探槽剖面共揭露了5次比较可靠的古地震事件，发震时间分别为：事件E1距今约60 a；事件E2 3.1±0.3~3.4±0.3 ka；事件E3 7.5±0.3~8.1±0.3 ka；事件E4 10.1±0.4~11.4±0.4 ka；事件E5 12.1±0.4~12.8±0.4 ka。利用古地震逐次限定法认为柴达木盆地北缘断裂(锡铁山-阿木尼克山段)地震复发周期为2.6~3.4 ka。阿木尼克山段最新离逝时间为60年前，锡铁山段最新离逝时间为3.1±0.3 ka，分析认为柴达木盆地北缘断裂锡铁山段未来遭遇破坏性地震的可能性大于阿木尼克山段。该结果可以更好地了解柴达木盆地北缘断裂的古地震期次、复发间隔等，对地震预报预测及评价该断裂未来地震危险性具有一定的指导意义。
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关键词:
- 柴达木盆地北缘断裂 /
- 锡铁山-阿木尼克山段 /
- 古地震 /
- 最近离逝时间 /
- 复发间隔
Abstract:Objective The northern margin fault zone of the Qaidam Basin is a regional active fault zone in the northern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, forming the boundary fault of the northern Qaidam Basin and the Qilian Mountains. Studying its late Quaternary paleoseismic activity is of great significance for understanding the seismic recurrence cycle and seismic hazard of the northern margin fault zone of the Qaidam Basin. Methods Through geological survey, remote sensing interpretation, trench excavation, OSL geological dating, and analysis of paleoseismic events, the paleoseismic events of the northern margin fault of the Qaidam Basin (Xitieshan-Amunikeshan section) were studied. Conclusion The study reveals that the trench profiles exposed five relatively reliable paleoseismic events, with occurrence times of approximately 60 years ago for Event E1, 3.1±0.3 to 3.4±0.3 ka for Event E2, 7.5±0.3 to 8.1±0.3 ka for Event E3, 10.1±0.4 to 11.4±0.4 ka for Event E4, and 12.1±0.4 to 12.8±0.4 ka for Event E5. Using the paleoseismic incremental limiting method, the seismic recurrence cycle of the northern margin fault of the Qaidam Basin (Xitieshan-Amunikeshan section) is estimated to be 2.6 to 3.4 ka. The most recent event departure time for the Amunikeshan section is 60 years ago, and for the Xitieshan section, it is 3.1±0.3 ka, suggesting a higher likelihood of destructive earthquakes in the future for the Xitieshan section compared to the Amunikeshan section of the northern margin fault of the Qaidam Basin. Significance This result can provide a better understanding of the paleoseismic events, recurrence intervals, and other aspects of the northern margin fault of the Qaidam Basin, which has guiding significance for seismic forecasting, prediction, and evaluation of future seismic hazards of this fault. -
图 1 研究区活动构造简图(地震数据引自中国地震局地震监测司，断裂数据袁道阳，2003；庞炜等，2015；姚生海等，2020；曾洵，2019；董金元等，2019)
ZWLSF—宗务隆山断裂；ZWLSSF—宗务隆山南缘断裂；DCDF—大柴旦断裂；DCD-TSHF—大柴旦-托素湖断裂；TSH-GHF—托素湖-尕海断裂；TSH-MNSF—托素湖-牦牛山断裂；LLSF—绿梁山断裂；XTSF—锡铁山断裂；AMNKSF—阿木尼克山断裂
a—研究区在青藏高原的位置；b—研究区地震构造简图Figure 1. Simplified tectonic map of the study area (seismic data from China Earthquake Administration; fault data from Yuan, 2003; Pang et al., 2015; Yao et al., 2020; Zeng, 2019; Dong et al., 2019)
(a)Location of the study area on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau; (b) Seismic tectonic diagram of the study area
ZWLSF-Zongwulongshan fault; ZWLSSF-Zongwulongshan south margin fault; DCDF-Dachaidan fault; DCD-TSHF-Dachaidan-Tuosuhu fault; TSH-GHF-Tuosuhu-Gahai fault; TSH-MNSF-Tuosuhu-Maoniushan fault; LLSF-Lvliangshan fault; XTSF-Xitieshan fault; AMNKSF-Amunikeshan fault
图 2 柴达木盆地北缘断裂地质构造图(锡铁山-阿木尼克山段)
Figure 2. Geological structural map of the northern margin fault of the Qaidam Basin (Xitieshan-Amunikeshan section)
图 3 锡铁山镇西影像及断错地貌(红色箭头为陡坎位置)
a—影像图；b—断层陡坎
Figure 3. Images of the west of Xitieshan Town and the faulted landform (Red arrows indicate the scarp position)
(a)Image map; (b)Fault scarp
图 4 锡铁山镇西探槽(TC1)剖面图及解译图
a—探槽剖面图；b—剖面解译图
Figure 4. Section and interpretation maps of Trench TC1 in western Xitieshan Town
(a)Section map of the trench; (b) Interpretation map of the section
图 5 锡铁山镇东探槽(TC2)剖面图及解译图
a—探槽剖面图；b—充填楔；c—剖面解译图
Figure 5. Section and interpretation maps of Trench TC2 in eastern Xitieshan Town
(a)Section map of the trench; (b) Fault wedge; (c) Interpretation map of the section
图 6 全集河东考察点影像(红色箭头为陡坎位置)
a—影像图；b—断层陡坎
Figure 6. Images of the inspection points in east Quanjihe (Red arrows indicate the fault scarp)
(a)Image map; (b)Fault scarp
图 7 全集河东探槽(TC3)剖面图及解译图
a—探槽剖面图；b—剖面解译图
Figure 7. Section and interpretation maps of Trench TC3 in eastern Xitieshan Town
(b)Section map of the trench; (b) Interpretation map of the section
图 8 全集河东探槽(TC3)断错地层细部特征(红色箭头指断裂位置；白色虚线指充填楔)
a—断层充填楔；b—断层充填楔及张裂缝；c—张裂缝及地层揉曲变形
Figure 8. Detailed characteristics of faulted strata in Trench TC3 in eastern Quanjihe (Red arrows indicate the location of the fracture; white dashed lines refer to the filled wedge)
(a) Fault filled wedge; (b)Fault filled wedge and tension cracks; (c) Tension cracks and strata folding deformation
图 9 TC4附近影像图与断层陡坎(红色箭头为陡坎位置，白色箭头为断裂运动方向，标高指陡坎高度)
a—影像图；b—断层陡坎
Figure 9. Image map and fault scarps near TC4 (Red arrows indicate the scarp position, white arrows indicate the direction of fracture movement, and elevations refer to the height of the scarp)
(a)Image map; (b)Fault scarp
图 10 阿木尼克山探槽剖面图和解译图(TC4)
a—探槽剖面图；b—剖面解译图
Figure 10. Section and interpretation maps of Trench TC4 in the Amunikeshan section
(a)Section map of the trench; (b) Interpretation map of the section
图 11 阿木尼克山探槽(TC4)断错地层细部特征(红色箭头指断层位置，黄色外框箭头指断裂运动方向)
a—走滑断面；b—逆冲兼走滑断面；c—逆冲断面
Figure 11. Detailed characteristics of faulted strata in Trench TC4 in the Amunikeshan section (Red arrows indicate the scarp position; yellow outlined arrows indicate the direction of fault movement)
(a) Strike-slip section; (b)Thrust and strike-slip section; (c)Thrust section
图 12 阿木尼克山探槽TC5附近影像图和断层陡坎(红色箭头为陡坎位置，标高指陡坎高度)
a—影像图；b—断层陡坎
Figure 12. Image map and fault scarps near TC5 in the Amunikeshan section (Red arrows indicate the scarp position; elevations refer to the height of the scarp)
(a)Image map; (b) Fault scarp
图 13 阿木尼克山探槽(TC5)剖面图和解译图
a—探槽剖面图；b—剖面解译图
Figure 13. Section and interpretation maps of Trench TC5 in the Amunikeshan section
(a)Section map of the trench; (b) Interpretation map of the section
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