Structural evolution of the Huangling uplift, South China: Implications for the shale gas exploration in the middle and lower Yangtze River area
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摘要: 2013年以来，在四川盆地周缘黄陵隆起南部斜坡带的下寒武统、震旦系取得页岩气勘查的重大发现和突破，开拓了盆外复杂构造区页岩气勘查新方向。依据已有研究成果、区域地质资料、物探资料和钻井资料等，提出黄陵隆起从元古界以来经历了前震旦纪结晶基底形成、震旦纪初的岩体侵入、震旦纪—中侏罗世沉降沉积与隆升剥蚀交替发展、晚侏罗世—古近纪快速隆升削顶4个构造演化阶段。黄陵隆起独特的构造演化史对页岩气成藏起到了重要作用，其中震旦纪—中侏罗世沉降沉积与隆升剥蚀交替发展使早期烃源岩埋深适当，热演化程度和孔隙度适中；而强硬基底则保护了沉积盖层的相对完整性和连续性。考虑构造演化史、基底特征、盖层发育以及烃源岩等因素，对中、下扬子地区类似古隆起进行系统梳理分析，发现四川盆地外围的雪峰隆起、黔中隆起与南华北盆地的霍邱隆起石油地质条件较好，通过进一步的地质地球物理和钻探工作，有望取得油气调查的发现和突破。Abstract: Significant discoveries and breakthroughs have been made in the shale gas exploration in the southern slope zone of the Huangling uplift, periphery of the Sichuan basin. Based on previous research results, regional geological data, geophysical data and drilling data, it is proposed that the uplift has experienced four structural evolution stages since the Proterozoic, including the formation of crystalline basement in the pre-Sinian period, the intrusion of rock mass in the early Sinian period, the alternation of subsidence, deposition, uplift and denudation in the Sinian-middle Jurassic period, and the rapid uplift in the late Jurassic-Paleogene period. This distinctive structural evolution history of the Huangling uplift plays an important role in the shale gas accumulation, in which the third stage assures the appropriate depth and moderate thermal evolution and porosity, and the strong basement formed in the first stage protects the relative integrity and continuity of the sedimentary cap. We also found some uplifts with similar structural evolution history, basement and cap features as the Huangling uplift in the middle and lower Yangtze River area, such as the Xuefeng uplift and Qianzhong uplift on the periphery of the Sichuan Basin, and the Huoqiu uplift in the southern North China Basin. Through further geological, geophysical and drilling work, oil/gas reservoir may be discovered in the above uplifts.
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图 1 黄陵隆起及周边地质简图(据程裕淇等，2004修改)
Figure 1. Geological sketch map of the Huangling uplift and its periphery(modified from Cheng et al., 2004)
图 2 黄陵隆起大地构造位置图(据郭战峰等，2006修改)
Figure 2. Tectonic location map of the Huangling uplift(modified from Guo et al., 2006)
图 4 黄陵隆起南侧地震解释剖面(据陈科等，2020修改)
Figure 4. Seismic interpretation profile of the southern Huangling uplift(modified from Chen et al., 2020)
图 5 黄陵隆起西翼构造剖面(据邓铭哲，2018修改)
Figure 5. Structural section of the western flank of the Huangling Uplift(modified from Deng, 2018)
表 1 中、下扬子地区部分古隆起地质特征
Table 1. Geological characteristics of paleo-uplifts in the middle-lower Yangtze River area
古隆起名称 地理位置 形成时代 隆起性质 基底 主要盖层 烃源岩发育特征 数据来源 烃源岩层 TOC/% RO/% 黄陵 湖北宜昌 晚侏罗世 挤压隆升 晚太古代—早元古代变质岩和新元古代花岗岩 震旦系—白垩系 陡山沱组
牛蹄塘组
龙马溪组2.3
5.35
2.562.5~3.0
1.4~2.8
1.9~2.3李浩涵等，2017；翟刚毅等，2017a；陈科等，2020 乐山-龙女寺 四川乐山、内江 石炭纪末 剥蚀古隆起 前震旦系花岗岩 震旦系—第四系，缺泥盆系、石炭系 陡山沱组
龙马溪组3.20
1.654.0
2.55梅庆华，2015 汉南 陕西汉中-四川巴中 志留纪末 克拉通边缘翘倾古隆起 元古界结晶基底 震旦系—侏罗系 牛蹄塘组 4.22 2.66 陈相霖等，2018 雪峰 湘西、黔东、桂北 志留纪末 陆内抬升与挤压褶皱隆起 前震旦褶皱基底 震旦系—第三系 牛蹄塘组
龙马溪组1~22
1~42.0~3.55
2.0~2.5邓大飞等，2014；彭中勤等，2019 黔中 贵州翁安、修文 奥陶纪末 克拉通内构造隆起 中元古界褶皱基底 寒武系—三叠系 牛蹄塘组
龙马溪组
石炭—二叠系2~6
1~4
0.23~3.673.5~4.5
2.5~3.5
1.75~2.2陈相霖等，2021翟刚毅等，2017b 九岭 江西宜丰、奉新 奥陶纪末 板块内部挤压隆起 晋宁期花岗岩 南华系—寒武系 王音铺—观音堂组 3.4 3.2 李建青等，2018 许村 皖南歙县 —— —— 花岗闪长岩 寒武系 荷塘组 2~8 1.9~3.5 李建青等，2018 霍邱 安徽长峰、合肥 三叠纪末 剥蚀古隆起 太古界花岗岩 寒武系—二叠系、侏罗系 寒武系
石炭—二叠系4~8
33~4
1.2石砥石等，2019 
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