Comparative study of multi-source remote sensing data for regional geologic mapping at 1: 50, 000 scale in the Hala'alate Mountains, west Junggar
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摘要: 以ETM、SPOT5和Quickbird为主要信息源，在哈拉阿拉特山地区开展1：5万区域地质填图，对该地区的地层单元、中—小规模地质体（如岩脉、小岩体和火山口）和地质构造特征进行了详细地遥感解译分析，并开展了大量的遥感野外地质调查验证。结果表明，采用彩色空间HSV变换融合法将SPOT5高精度遥感图像数据与ETM图像数据融合，保持了波谱信息的一致性；选择主成分PC1、2、3之SPOT5 1~4、主成分PC1、2、3之ETM 1~7、主成分PC6、5、4之ETM 1~7假彩色合成的图像，清晰地显示了主要岩性地层单元界线的多光谱信息，提高了遥感影像底图的信息量和易解译程度。将野外采集的地质资料与Quickbird高精度遥感图像相结合，可准确而快速地勾绘地质界线，显著提高了对构造和地质体边界勾绘的精度。ETM、SPOT5和Quickbird数据综合遥感解译成果很好地指导了哈拉阿拉特山地区野外地质调查工作，高分辨率遥感影像准确解译中—小规模地质体在该区域地质调查工作中起到了关键作用。Abstract: Regional geological mapping at 1:50, 000 scale was carried out in the Urho area of the Hala'alate Mountains in west Junggar, Xinjiang. Based on field investigation and referring to the regional geological survey and previous research results in recent years, we made a detailed remote sensing interpretation and analysis on the stratigraphic units, small and medium-sized geological bodies (dikes, small rock bodies, craters) and geological structures of the Hala'alate Mountains, and conducted detailed remote sensing field survey verifications. Following findings are revealed by the study results. In the process of making remote sensing image base map, the color space HSV transform fusion method is used to fuse SPOT5 high-precision remote sensing image data and ETM image data, and the fused image maintains the consistency of spectral information; SPOT5 1~4 of PC (principal component) 1, 2 and 3, ETM 1~7 of PC1, 2 and 3, ETM 1~7 of PC 6, 5, and 4 are processed into pseudo color synthetic images, respectively. After principal component transformation, the false color composite image concentrate on the multispectral information useful for regional geological survey and eliminate noise information. It improves the information content and interpretation complexity of remote sensing image base map. The combination of various detailed geological data collected in the field with Quickbird high-precision remote sensing images can accurately and quickly delineate the geological boundary, significantly improving the accuracy of structural and geological body boundary delineation. The results of comprehensive remote sensing interpretation of multi-source remote sensing data well guide the field geological survey work in the Urho area of the Hala'alate mountains in west Junggar, Xinjiang, and high-resolution remote sensing images play a key role in the accurate interpretation of small and medium-sized geological bodies in the geological survey of the region.
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Key words:
- west Junggar /
- Hala'alate Mountains /
- regional geological survey /
- remote sensing /
- SPOT5 /
- Quickbird
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图 1 西准噶尔哈拉阿拉特山地区区域地质简图
a—研究区构造位置略图; b—研究区地质简图(据李永军等, 2016b修改)
Figure 1. Regional geological map of the Hala'alate mountains in west Junggar
(a) Tectonic location; (b) Geological sketch map (modified after Li et al., 2016b)
图 2 遥感图像融合增强处理流程图
Figure 2. Flow chart showing the merge and enhancement process of remote sensing images
图 3 哈拉阿拉特山地区SPOT5全色与波段213融合影像的HSV变换图像
Figure 3. HSV transform image of remote sensing images of SPOT5 PAN and 213 Merge in the Hala'alate mountains
图 4 达尔布特断裂带遥感地质解译影像特征
a—SPOT5影像; b—ETM与SPOT5融合影像; c—ETM影像C1x—C2al特定层位的连续左旋错动影像特征; d—达尔布特断裂带北东—南西向横贯研究区宏观特征SPOT5影像
Figure 4. Geological interpretation of the Dalabute fault zone
(a)SPOT5 image; (b)ETM and SPOT5 merge image; (c)ETM image showing the continuous left-handed staggered image features of C1x—C2al; (d) SPOT5 image showing the Dalabute fault zone NE-SW transversing the study area
图 5 乌尔禾小岩体遥感解译范围圈定
a—乌尔禾小岩体Quickbird影像特征; b—乌尔禾小岩体SPOT5影像特征; c—乌尔禾小岩体野外露头照片(镜向240°)
γ—花岗岩Figure 5. The remote sensing interpretation range of Urho small rock mass
(a) Quickbird image features of Urho small rock mass; (b) SPOT5 image features of Urho small rock mass; (c) Field photo of Urho small rock mass
γ—Granite
图 6 岩脉和火山口解译遥感影像特征
a—岩脉ETM影像特征; b—岩脉SPOT5影像特征; c—岩脉ETM与SPOT5影像特征; d—岩脉Quickbird影像特征; e—乌尔禾岩脉和火山口露头宏观照片(镜向310°)
Figure 6. Remote sensing image features of minor dyke swarms and crater interpretation
(a) ETM image features of dyke swarms; (b) SPOT5 image features of dyke swarms; (c) ETM and SPOT5 merge image features of dyke swarms; (d) Quickbird image features of dyke swarms; (e) Field photo of Urho dyke swarms and crater
图 7 喷发不整合遥感解译
a—SPOT5影像特征; b—ETM与SPOT5影像特征; c—ETM影像特征; d—喷发不整合露头照片(镜向350°)
Figure 7. Remote sensing interpretation of eruptive unconformity
(a) SPOT5 image features; (b) ETM and SPOT5 image features; (c) ETM image features; (d) Field photo of outcrops
图 8 哈拉阿拉特山地区遥感解译成果
Figure 8. Remote sensing interpretation of the Hala'alate mountains
表 1 哈拉阿拉特山地区重要地质单元解译标志
Table 1. Interpretation keys of the important geological units in the Hala'alate mountains
地层名称 地层岩性 代号 遥感解译标志 下石炭统包古图组 灰色细碎屑岩为主, 夹生物灰岩 C1b 在SPOT影像上呈浅灰紫色, ETM影像呈暗红色, 主要分布于达尔布特断裂北侧, 色调基本均匀, 影纹呈断续条带状或蠕虫状, 纹理中度粗糙, 发育稀疏的树枝状水系及羽状水系, 植被不发育, 层理明显, 呈低山—丘陵地貌。 下石炭统希贝库拉斯组 杂色粗碎屑岩类为主, 夹岩屑杂砂岩等 C1x 在SPOT影像上呈绿灰色, ETM影像呈红色, 主要分布于达尔布特断裂南西侧, 影纹呈斑纹状, 纹理略显粗糙, 其上经常被第四系覆盖, 发育树枝状水系及羽状水系, 宏观特征呈条带状或面状, 低山—丘陵地貌。线理较发育, 宏观上呈弯曲形褶皱, 岩层走向清晰。 上石炭统哈拉阿拉特山组 以火山岩和火山碎屑岩为主, 夹砾岩 C2h 在SPOT影像上呈浅绿色和淡紫色, ETM影像呈绿灰色, 少见红色, 色调均匀, 主要分布于达尔布特断裂北东侧, 纹理粗糙, 影纹图案呈细纹状、弯弧短线条纹状, 发育密集型树枝状水系, 植被不发育。 上石炭统阿腊德伊克赛组 砂岩、粉砂岩、凝灰岩、玄武岩、安山岩, 夹生物碎屑灰岩条带 C2al 在SPOT影像上呈深绿色和绿灰色, ETM影像呈红色, 主要在达尔布特断裂南侧分布, 影纹呈条带状, 纹理中度粗糙, 发育树枝状水系及网状水系, 宏观特征呈条带状或面状, 低山—丘陵地貌, 解译标志比较清楚。岩层走向清晰, 色调较为深暗, 褶皱较发育。 下二叠统佳木河组 岩性以陆相砾岩、粗砂岩、砂岩等磨拉石建造为主 P1jm1(一段)
P1jm2(二段)在SPOT影像上呈浅绿色和灰绿色, ETM影像呈暗红色, 色调不均匀, 可能受第四系覆盖的影响, 纹理较粗糙, 影纹图案呈粗大短线条状, 发育稀疏型树枝状水系, 地势较低。在SPOT影像呈浅绿色, ETM影像呈暗红色, 色调较均匀, 纹理较光滑, 影纹图案呈细纹状, 发育细小羽毛状水系, 地势较低。 下二叠统白杨河组 发育火山构造的陆相火山集块岩-火山角砾岩-晶屑岩屑凝灰岩-玄武岩-玄武安山岩组合 P1b 在SPOT影像上呈深绿色, ETM影像呈深绿色, 少见红色, 影纹呈斑点状, 纹理中度粗糙, 发育树枝状水系, 宏观特征呈面状, 地貌呈山梁状, 解译标志比较清楚, 界线较清晰。 
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表 2 哈拉阿拉特山地区重要地质单元典型遥感影像及野外验证露头照片
Table 2. Remote sensing image features and field verification of the important geological units in the Hala'alate mountains
地层名称 典型遥感影像特征 野外露头照片 SPOT5影像 ETM与SPOT5融合影像 ETM影像 下石炭统包古图组(C1b) 
下石炭统希贝库拉斯组(C1x) 
上石炭统哈拉阿拉特山组(C2h) 
上石炭统阿腊德伊克赛组(C2al) 
下二叠统佳木河组(P1jm) 
下二叠统白杨河组(P1b) 
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