上海城市水网地区电火花震源地震探测隐伏断裂的应用探索

宋春华; 施刚; 巫虹; 张浩; 郁飞

doi:10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2021.27.06.076

上海城市水网地区电火花震源地震探测隐伏断裂的应用探索

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2021.27.06.076

宋春华^1,,
施刚^1, ,,
巫虹¹,
张浩^{1, 2},
郁飞¹

1.
上海市地矿工程勘察院, 上海 200072
2.
同济大学海洋地质国家重点实验室, 上海 200092

基金项目:

上海市财政重点项目—上海市区域地壳稳定性调查与研究 20-45064

详细信息

作者简介:
宋春华(1985-), 男, 高级工程师, 从事城市地质调查、地球物理勘探研究。E-mail: 271797119@qq.com

通讯作者:
施刚(1964-), 男, 高级工程师, 从事城市地质调查、水文地质与工程地质学研究。E-mail: 454229705@qq.com

中图分类号: P631.4
计量
- 文章访问数: 787
- HTML全文浏览量: 264
- PDF下载量: 58
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-07-01
- 修回日期: 2020-12-23
- 刊出日期: 2021-12-28

Application of seismic detection by spark source for concealed faults in Shanghai urban water network area

SONG Chunhua^1
,,
SHI Gang^{1
, ,},
WU Hong¹,
ZHANG Hao^{1, 2},
YU Fei¹

1.
Shanghai Institute of Geological Engineering Exploration, Shanghai 200072, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Maring Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

Funds:

the Key Financial Project of Shanghai 20-45064

摘要

摘要: 人工地震勘探是目前公认最为有效的城市地区隐伏断裂探测手段之一，但其受限于激发震源和城市高干扰环境背景，在高度城市化区域往往难以获取良好的地震勘探资料。文章通过利用上海市城市水网发育的优势，在大治河水域开展大功率电火花震源激发方式的地震探测，对电火花震源激发能量、放电水深、不同震源的地震成像效果等对比试验，获得了上海地区内河水域（大治河东段）最佳地震勘探激发参数，确认了在城市水网开展电火花震源激发地震勘探方式的有效性。与其他常规激发方式相比，电火花激发地震勘探资料具有较高的信噪比，并且可以达到较深的勘探深度，对城市地区隐伏断裂探测具有良好效果。
- 城市水网 /
- 大功率电火花震源 /
- 地震勘探 /
- 隐伏断裂 /
- 不同震源对比 /
- 激发能量 /
- 地震时间剖面
Abstract: Nowadays artificial seismic exploration is recognized as one of the most effective means to detect hidden faults in urban areas. However, good seismic exploration data in highly urbanized areas is often unavailable limited by the excitation source and strong interference. In this paper, a seismic detection of excitation mode of high-power spark source was carried out in the Dazhi River area, in view of the developed urban water network in Shanghai. We did comparison tests on elements such as energy excitation of spark source, water depth of discharge and seismic imaging effects of different sources, and obtained the best excitation parameters for seismic exploration in inland river areas (east section of Dazhi River) in Shanghai. The validity of seismic exploration by spark source in urban water network is confirmed. Compared with other conventional excitation methods, EDM seismic exploration data has higher signal-to-noise ratio and can reach a deeper exploration depth, which helps to get good results from the detection of hidden faults in urban areas.
- urban water network /
- high-power spark source /
- seismic exploration /
- concealed fault /
- comparison of different sources /
- energy excitation /
- profile of seismic time
注释:

责任编辑: 吴芳

HTML全文

图 1 试验区位置、基岩地质及测线布置示意图

a—大治河位置示意图; b—试验区基岩地质及测线布置图

Figure 1. Map showing the location of the test area, bedrock geology and layout of the surveylines

(a)Location map of the test area; (b)Bedrock geology and layout of surveylines in the test area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 地质-物理剖面速度模型图

Figure 2. Model of geological-physical profile velocity

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 能量试验8~60 Hz单炮分频对比图

Figure 3. Comparison diagram showing the frequency division of 8~60 Hz single gun in energy tests

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 不同能量试验频谱分析对比图

Figure 4. Comparison diagram showing the spectrum in different energy tests

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 不同能量试验子波对比图

Figure 5. Comparison diagram of the wavelet in different energy tests

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 不同激发能量地震时间剖面对比图

a—200 kJ激发能量地震时间剖面对比图; b—400 kJ激发能量地震时间剖面对比图;

Figure 6. Comparison of the seismic time profile with different excitation energies

(a)Comparison of seismic time profile with 200 kJ excitation energy; (b)Comparison of seismic time profile with 400 kJ excitation energy

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 200 kJ、400 kJ激发信噪比估算对比图

Figure 7. Comparison of the estimated SNR by 200 kJ and 400 kJ excitation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 水深试验单炮扫描记录对比图

Figure 8. Comparison of the scanning record of single gun in water depth tests

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 不同震源激发地震时间剖面对比图

a—大功率电火花震源激发地震时间剖面; b—可控震源激发地震时间剖面; c—气枪震源激发地震时间剖面

Figure 9. Comparison of the seismic time profile excited by different sources

(a)Seismic time profile excited by high-power spark source; (b)Seismic time profile excited by vibroseis; (c)Seismic time profile excited by air gun source

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 电火花震源激发地震时间剖面反射波层位解释图

Figure 10. Horizon interpretation of the reflected wave in seismic time profile excited by spark source

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

参考文献(56)

DENG Q D, LU Z X, YANG Z. 2007. Remarks on urban active faults exploration and assocoated activity assessment[J]. Seismology and Geology, 29(2): 189-200. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://www.en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DZDZ200702000.htm

DENG Q D, XU X W, ZHANG X K, et al., 2003. Methods and techniques for surverying and prospecting active faults in urban areas[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 10(1): 93-104. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DXQY200301019.htm

DONG M R, FU L Y, XING C, et al., 2018. Research on the Underwater Energy radiation Characteristics of the Airgun Seismic Source[J]. Earthquake Research In China, 34(1): 25-34. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/academic-journal-cn_earthquake-research-china_thesis/0201252223613.html

FU D, LI W T, WANG C, et al., 2014. Application of TD sparker series high power electric spark source in seismic exploration[C]//Proceedings of symposium on engineering geophysical exploration and testing and urban engineering and environmental geophysical exploration technology. Qingdao: Special Committee of Engineering Geophysics of China Geophysical Society. (in Chinese)

GONG T, WANG Z L, GU X D, et al., 2016. Broadband seismic data matching processing[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 51(3): 457-466. (in Chinese with English abstract)

GU P T, 1987. A Summary Account of the Regional Geology of Shanghai Municipality[J]. Regional Geology of China, (4): 309-321. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-ZQYD198704002.htm

GU P T, WANG Y S, 1988. The characteristic of geologic structure in Shanghai[J]. Shanghai Geology(2): 1-14. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-SHAD198802000.htm

GU Q P, XU H G, ZHAO Q G, 2015. The seismic exploration method for buried active faults in thick sediment area: A case study of Qiaobei-Suqian fault[J]. Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration, 39(2): 408-415. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-WTYH201502033.htm

HUO E J, LIU C S, ZHANG Z Q, et al., 2004. Study on the hidden faults and their activity in Shanghai[M]. Beijing: Seismological Press. (in Chinese)

JIANG H, LI H J, GAO B, et al., 2018. The application of sparker source forseismic exploration[J]. Equipment for Geophysical Prospecting, 28(1): 42-44, 56. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-WTZB201801011.htm

JIANG L, LUO Y, CHENG Z G, et al., 2015. Research and application of surface-consistent relative Q calculation and compensation[C]. Xinjiang Geology, (3): 415-420. (in Chinese with English abstract)

LI J Y, ZHANG J, LIU J F, et al., 2019. Crustal Tectinic Framework Of CHINA And Its Formation Processes: Constraints From Stuctural Deformation[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 25(5): 678-698. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-DZLX201905006.htm

LIU C S, JIANG D Q, WANG X Z., 1980. An overview of historical earthquakes in Shanghai[J]. Shanghai Geology, (1): 83-85. (in Chinese)

NIE B B, ZHAO J M, LI Y G, et al., 2015. The Comprehensive Application of Shallow Seismic Prospecting Method to Urban Active Fault Detection[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics, 12(1): 15-21. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-GCDQ201501004.htm

QI B, WANG X C, ZHAO Q X., 2020. Research on the progress of marine sparker seismic exploration[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 44(1): 107-111. (in Chinese with English abstract)

QIU J B, LI X, 2007. Quaternary strata and sedimentary environment in Shanghai[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific & Technical Publishers. (in Chinese)

REN L G, YANG D K, 2018. Application and effect analysis of sparker in seismic acquisition in plain water area[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 33(6): 2581-2587. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-DQWJ201806052.htm

Shanghai Bureau of Geology and mineral resources. Regional Geology of Shanghai[M], Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1988. (in Chinese)

SU G S, DING C Z, 2014. Random noise attenuation on prestack seismic data and its application skills[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 49(S1): 87-92. (in Chinese with English abstract)

WANG H N, WU Z H, LI H M, 2016 Basic Characteristics of The Main Active Faults and Seismic Activites in Pan Yangtze River Delta Region[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 22(3): 500-516. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DZLX201603008.htm

XIE J L, 2018. Seismic activity characteristics and seismotectonic province division of Shanghai and nearby regions[J]. Shanghai Land & Resources, 39(4): 1-6. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-SHAD201804001.htm

YANG Z, 2008. Application of exploring methods on urban active faults and some common key technical problems[J]. Resources Survey & Environment, 29(3): 157-161. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-HSDZ200803000.htm

YU F W, JIANG H, YANG D K, 2018. Study on application effect of electric spark source in GH reservoir in HK area[C]//Proceedings of. CPS/SEG Beijing 2018 International Geophysical conference and Exhibition. Beijing: China Academic Journal (CD Version) Electronic Magazine. (in Chinese)

ZHANG H L, 1999. Geological and mineral records of Shanghai[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Press. (in Chinese)

ZHANG P, ZHANG Y Y, MA Z J, et al., 2018. Characteristic of Quaternary Activities of Fuyang-Jiande Segment of Xiaoshan-Qiuchuan Fault[J]. Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention, 13(4): 959-967. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-ZZFY201804023.htm

ZHANG Z Q, LIU C S, WANG F, 2004. Preliminary Study on Relation of Fault Activity and Seismicity in the Shanghai Region[J]. EARTHQUAKE RESEARCH IN CHINA, 20(2): 143-151. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://epub.cnki.net/grid2008/docdown/docdownload.aspx?filename=ZGZD200402003&dbcode=CJFD&year=2004&dflag=pdfdown

ZHENG W J, ZHANG P Z, YUAN D Y, et al., 2019 Basic Characteristics Of Active Tectonics And Associated Geodynamic Processes In Continental CHINA[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 25(5): 699-721. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-DZLX201905007.htm

ZHOU C J, WU Z H, MA X X, et al., 2016. The Major Active Faults And Regional Crustal Stability Assessment In The Area of City Group In Central Yunnan[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 22(3): 454-477. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DZLX201603006.htm

邓起东, 徐锡伟, 张先康, 等, 2003. 城市活动断裂探测的方法和技术[J]. 地学前缘, 10(1): 93-104. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-2321.2003.01.012

邓起东, 卢造勋, 杨主恩, 2007. 城市活动断层探测和断层活动性评价问题[J]. 地震地质, 29(2): 189-200. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2007.02.001

董明荣, 符力耘, 邢超, 等, 2018. 气枪震源水中能量辐射特性研究[J]. 中国地震, 34(1): 25-34. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4683.2018.01.003

付东, 李闻天, 王成, 等, 2014. TD-Sparker系列大功率电火花震源在地震勘探中的应用[C]//第七届工程物探与检测疑难问题暨城市工程与环境物探技术研讨会论文集. 青岛: 中国地球物理学会工程地球物理专委会.

公亭, 王兆磊, 顾小弟, 等, 2016. 宽频地震资料处理配套技术[J]. 石油地球物理勘探, 51(3): 457-466. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYDQ201603006.htm

顾澎涛, 1987. 上海市区域地质概要[J]. 中国区域地质(4): 309-321. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZQYD198704002.htm

顾澎涛, 王尧舜, 1988. 上海地区地质构造特征[J]. 上海地质(2): 1-14. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SHAD198802000.htm

顾勤平, 许汉刚, 赵启光, 2015. 厚覆盖层地区隐伏活断层探测的地震方法技术: 以桥北镇-宿迁断层为例[J]. 物探与化探, 39(2): 408-415. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WTYH201502033.htm

火恩杰, 刘昌森, 章振铨, 等, 2004. 上海市隐伏断裂及其活动性研究[M]. 北京: 地震出版社.

蒋辉, 李海军, 高斌, 等, 2018. 电火花震源在石油地震勘探中的应用[J]. 物探装备, 28(1): 42-44, 56. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-0657.2018.01.011

蒋立, 罗勇, 程志国, 等, 2015. 地表一致性表层相对Q计算及补偿方法研究与应用[J]. 新疆地质, 33(3): 415-420. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8845.2015.03.027

李锦轶, 张进, 刘建峰, 等, 2019. 中国地壳结构构造与形成过程: 来自构造变形的约束[J]. 地质力学学报, 25(5): 678-698. https://journal.geomech.ac.cn/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20190505&journal_id=dzlxxb

刘昌森, 蒋德乾, 王先铸, 1980. 上海地区历史地震概述[J]. 上海地质(1): 83-85. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SHAD198001010.htm

聂碧波, 赵建明, 郦逸根, 等, 2015. 浅层地震勘探在城市活断层探测中的应用[J]. 工程地球物理学报, 12(1): 15-21. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7940.2015.01.004

戚宾, 王祥春, 赵庆献, 2020. 海洋电火花震源地震勘探研究进展[J]. 物探与化探, 44(1): 107-111. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WTYH202001014.htm

邱金波, 李晓, 2007. 上海市第四纪地层与沉积环境[M]. 上海: 上海科学技术出版社.

任立刚, 杨德宽, 2018. 电火花震源在平原水域区地震采集中的应用及效果分析[J]. 地球物理学进展, 33(6): 2581-2587. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQWJ201806052.htm

上海地质矿产局, 1988. 上海市区域地质志[M]. 北京: 地质出版社.

苏贵仕, 丁成震, 2014. 叠前随机噪声衰减及其应用技巧[J]. 石油地球物理勘探, 49(S1): 87-92. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYDQ2014S1017.htm

王浩男, 吴中海, 李浩民, 2016. 泛长三角地区主要活动断裂及地震活动基本特征[J]. 地质力学学报, 22(3): 500-516. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6616.2016.03.008

谢建磊, 2018. 上海及邻区地震活动特征及地震构造区划[J]. 上海国土资源, 39(4): 1-6. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1329.2018.04.001

杨主恩, 2008. 城市活动断层探测的实施和常见技术问题[J]. 资源调查与环境, 29(3): 157-161. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-4814.2008.03.001

于富文, 蒋辉, 杨德宽, 2018. HK地区GH水库电火花震源应用效果研究[C]//CPS/SEG北京2018国际地球物理会议暨展览电子论文集. 北京: 《中国学术期刊(光盘版)》电子杂志社.

张宏良, 1999. 上海地质矿产志[M]. 上海: 上海社会科学院出版社.

张鹏, 张媛媛, 马志江, 等, 2018. 萧山-球川断裂富阳-建德段第四纪活动性研究[J]. 震灾防御技术, 13(4): 959-967. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZZFY201804023.htm

章振铨, 刘昌森, 王锋, 2004. 上海地区断裂活动性与地震关系初析[J]. 中国地震, 20(2): 143-151. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4683.2004.02.004

郑文俊, 张培震, 袁道阳, 等, 2019. 中国大陆活动构造基本特征及其对区域动力过程的控制[J]. 地质力学学报, 25(5): 699-721. https://journal.geomech.ac.cn/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20190506&journal_id=dzlxxb

周春景, 吴中海, 马晓雪, 等, 2016. 滇中城市群重要活动断裂与区域地壳稳定性评价[J]. 地质力学学报, 22(3): 454-477. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6616.2016.03.006

被引

资源附件(0)

访问统计