CONCENTRATION AND SOURCES OF BLACK CARBON IN DIFFERENT FUNCTION ZONES OF BEIJING, CHINA

YANG Shuaibin; LIU Lian

Volume 23 Issue 6

Dec. 2017

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Journal of Geomechanics > 2017 > 23(6): 846-855

YANG Shuaibin, LIU Lian, 2017. CONCENTRATION AND SOURCES OF BLACK CARBON IN DIFFERENT FUNCTION ZONES OF BEIJING, CHINA. Journal of Geomechanics, 23 (6): 846-855.

Citation:

YANG Shuaibin, LIU Lian, 2017. CONCENTRATION AND SOURCES OF BLACK CARBON IN DIFFERENT FUNCTION ZONES OF BEIJING, CHINA. Journal of Geomechanics, 23 (6): 846-855.

Citation:

YANG Shuaibin, LIU Lian, 2017. CONCENTRATION AND SOURCES OF BLACK CARBON IN DIFFERENT FUNCTION ZONES OF BEIJING, CHINA. Journal of Geomechanics, 23 (6): 846-855.

PDF( 1796 KB)

CONCENTRATION AND SOURCES OF BLACK CARBON IN DIFFERENT FUNCTION ZONES OF BEIJING, CHINA

YANG Shuaibin^{1, 2
,},
LIU Lian^{1
,
,}

1.
Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
2.
Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

More Information

Received: 2017-04-20
Published: 2017-12-01

Abstract

Abstract

With the rapid development of city, soil properties in city have changed significantly with significant differences among different function zones. In order to discuss the impact on the soil carbon pool (especially black carbon), from human activities of different ways and at different degrees as well as pollution from different sources, the concentration of black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (SOC), and concentration ratio (BC/SOC) of surface soil in different function zones (parks, residential areas and road green belt) in urban and suburban areas in Beijing are compared in the study, and the influence of human activities of different ways and at different degrees on soil are discussed based on the BC/SOC index. The results show that the enrichment degrees of soil SOC in different function zones in urban areas are different, and the concentration of SOC in soil in parks and residential areas under human management tend to be average; in suburban areas, the concentration of SOC in different function zones are close and much the same as the natural soil, indicating the soil is less influenced by human activities. There are significant differences in the concentration of BC values in soil in different function zones of urban areas, and the descending order is parks (0.60%~2.28%, mean 1.56%), road green belts (0.12%~2.20%, mean 0.62%), residential areas (0.11%~1.15%, mean 0.35%).The regional digging, planting and fertilization made a large number of BC gather in parks and road green belts are strongly impacted by traffic discharge; in suburban areas, the concentration of BC of different function zones are low and close to each other, representing the background concentration of BC in regional soil. The BC/SOC values in soil mainly fall in between 0.11% and 0.5%, and BC/SOC values in suburban area are smaller than that of urban areas, indicating that the burning of fossil fuels and biomass are both sources of BC in soil in the urban and suburban areas but with different proportions, and the urban area is an important source of BC in the suburban area. In addition, BC/SOC values in some places of urban areas are significantly higher, reflecting that BC/SOC value not only indicates the degree of soil pollution but also is closely related to urbanization progress and specific human activities.
- Environmental geology,
- urban soil,
- black carbon,
- Beijing

FullText(HTML)

References(36)

References

[1]	Deluca T H, Mackenzie M D, Gundale M J. Biochar effects on soil nutrient transformation[M]//Lehmann J, Joseph S. Biochar for Environmental Management:Science and Technology. London:Earthscan, 2009. 251~270.
[2]	Glaser B, Haumaier L, Guggenberger G, et al.. The "Terra Preta" phenomenon:a model for sustainable agriculture in the humid tropics[J]. Naturwissenschaften, 2001, 88(1):37~41. doi: 10.1007/s001140000193
[3]	王曦, 杨靖宇, 俞元春, 等.不同功能区城市林业土壤黑碳含量及来源-以南京市为例[J].生态学报, 2016, 36(3):837~843. http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/stxb201603028 WANG Xi, YANG Jingyu, YU Yuanchun, et al. Concentration and sources of black carbon in urban forest soils in different functional areas of Nanjing, China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2016, 36(3):1~7. (in Chinese with English abstracts) http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/stxb201603028
[4]	Goldberg E D. Black Carbon in the Environment:Properties and Distribution[M]. New York:Interscience Publication, 1985, 1~198.
[5]	曹军骥, 占长林.黑碳在全球气候和环境系统中的作用及其在相关研究中的意义[J].地球科学与环境学报, 2011, 33(2):177~184. http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/9874d33ca32d7375a417805a.html CAO Junji, ZHAN Changlin. Research significance and role of black carbon in the global climate and environmental systems[J]. Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment, 2011, 33(2):177~184. (in Chinese with English abstracts) http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/9874d33ca32d7375a417805a.html
[6]	刘恋, 周鑫, 葛俊逸.元素碳碳同位素在古环境研究中的应用[J].地质论评, 2012, 58(3):526~532. http://www.oalib.com/paper/4886079 LIU Lian, ZHOU Xin, GE Junyi. The Application of carbon isotope of element carbon in the research of paleoenvironment[J]. Geological Review, 2012, 58(3):526~532. (in Chinese with English abstracts) http://www.oalib.com/paper/4886079
[7]	刘恋, 杨帅斌, 乔彦松, 等.不同自然环境和城市功能区的土壤黑碳特征及来源研究[J].地质学报, 2017, 91(3):658~667. http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dizhixb201703012 LIU Lian, YANG Shuaibin, QIAO Yansong, et al. Characteristics and sources of soil black carbon in different natural environments and urban functional areas[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2017, 91(3):658~667. (in Chinese with English abstracts) http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dizhixb201703012
[8]	Griffin J J, Goldberg E D. Sphericity as a characteristic of solids from fossil fuel burning in a lake Michigan sediment[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1981, 45:763~769. doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(81)90047-8
[9]	Fernandes M B, Skjemstad J O, Johnson B B, et al. Characterization of carbonaceous combustion residues. I. Morphological, elemental and spectroscopic features[J]. Chemosphere, 2003, 51(8):785~795. doi: 10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00098-5
[10]	Brodowski S, Amelung W, Haumaier L, et al. Morphological and chemical properties of black carbon in physical soil fractions as revealed by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy[J]. Geoderma, 2005, 128(1/2):116~129. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016706104003301
[11]	Gatari M J, Boman J. Black carbon and total carbon measurements at urban and rural sites in Kenya, East Africa[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2003, 37(8):1149~1154. doi: 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)01001-4
[12]	Gelinas Y, Prentice K M, Baldock J A, et al. An improved thermal oxidation method for the quantification of soot/graphitic black carbon in sediments and soils[J]. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2001, 35(17):3519~3525. doi: 10.1021/es010504c
[13]	Novakov T, Andreae M O, Gabriel R, et al. Origin of carbonaceous aerosols over the tropical Indian ocean:biomass burning or fossil fuels?[J]. Geophysical Research Letter, 2000, 27(24):4061~4064. doi: 10.1029/2000GL011759
[14]	Mayol-Bracero O L, Gabriel R, Andreae M O, et al. Carbonaceous aerosols over the Indian ocean during the indian ocean experiment (INDOEX):Chemical characterization, optical properties, and probable sources[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2002, 107(D19):INX229-1-INX229-21. doi: 10.1029/2000JD000039/full
[15]	何跃, 张甘霖.城市土壤有机碳和黑碳的含量特征与来源分析[J].土壤学报, 2006, 43(2):177~182. doi: 10.11766/trxb200502280201 HE Yue, ZHANG Ganlin. Concentration and sources of organic carbon and black carbon of urban soils in Nanjing[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2006, 43(2):177~182. (in Chinese with English abstracts) doi: 10.11766/trxb200502280201
[16]	Bird M I, Cali J A. A million-year record of fire in sub-Saharan Africa[J]. Nature, 1998, 394(6695):767~769. doi: 10.1038/29507
[17]	Cerling T E, Harris J M, MacFadden B J, et al. Global vegetation change through the Miocene/Pliocene boundary[J]. Nature, 1997, 389(6647):153~158. doi: 10.1038/38229
[18]	Ciais P, Tans P P, White J W C, et al. Partitioning of ocean and land uptake of CO₂ as inferred by δ¹³C measurements from the NOAA climate monitoring and diagnostics laboratory global air sampling network[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1995, 100(D3):5051~5070. doi: 10.1029/94JD02847
[19]	Liu L, Qiao Y S, Hao Z G. Black carbon concentration and isotopic composition of surface sand from deserts and dune fields in Northern China[J]. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, 2016, 445:1~7. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.12.026
[20]	徐永昌, 沈平.中国化石燃料的同位素地球化学[J].中国科学B辑, 1990, (4):409~418. http://chem.scichina.com:8081/sciB/CN/abstract/abstract393420.shtml XU Yongchang, SHEN Ping. Isotopic geochemistry of fossil fuels in China[J]. Science in China, Series B, 1991, 34(2):83~95.(in Chinese with English abstracts) http://chem.scichina.com:8081/sciB/CN/abstract/abstract393420.shtml
[21]	郑永飞, 陈江峰.稳定同位素地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社, 2000. 196~199. ZHENG Yongfei, CHEN Jiangfeng. Stable Isotope Geochemistry[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 2000. 196~199.(in Chinese)
[22]	Lorenz K, Preston C M, Kandeler E. Soil organic matter in urban soils:estimation of elemental carbon by thermal oxidation and characterization of organic matter by solid-state C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy[J]. Geoderma, 2006, 130(3/4):312~323. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016706105000467
[23]	Rawlins B G, Vane C H, Kim A W, et al. Methods for estimating types of soil organic carbon and their application to surveys of UK urban areas[J]. Soil Use and Management, 2008, 24:47~59. doi: 10.1111/sum.2008.24.issue-1
[24]	Hamilton A, Harnett H E. Black carbon concentrations in urban and rural arid-land soils[C]//Fall Meeting 2008. Washington, DC:American Geophysical Union, 2008.
[25]	Wang X S. Black carbon in urban topsoils of Xuzhou (China):Environmental implication and magnetic proxy[J]. Environmental Monitoring Assessment, 2010, 163(1/4):41~47. http://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/20103135959.html
[26]	Cao J J, Lee S C, Chow J C, et al. Spatial and seasonal distributions of carbonaceous aerosols over China[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2007, 112:D22S11. http://www.academia.edu/2943259/Spatial_and_seasonal_distributions_of_carbonaceous_aerosols_over_China
[27]	田晖, 杜佩轩, 梅琳.西安市城市灰尘微量元素环境异常研究[J].地质力学学报, 2005, 11(4):361~369. http://journal.geomech.ac.cn/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20050452&flag=1 TIAN Hui, DU Peixuan, MEI Lin. Environmental anomalies of trace elements in urban dust of Xi'an city[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 2005, 11(4):361~369. (in Chinese with English abstracts) http://journal.geomech.ac.cn/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20050452&flag=1
[28]	张磊, 张晓亮, 白凌燕, 等.北京地区黄庄-高丽营断裂北段活动性研究与灾害效应分析[J].地质力学学报, 2017, 23(4):548~557. http://journal.geomech.ac.cn/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20170406&flag=1 ZHANG Lei, ZHANG Xiaoliang, BAI Lingyan, et al. Activity study and disaster effect analysis of the north section of Huangzhuang-Gaoliying fault in Beijing[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 2017, 23(4):548~557. (in Chinese with English abstracts) http://journal.geomech.ac.cn/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20170406&flag=1
[29]	Liu S D, Xia X H, Zhai Y W, et al. Black carbon (BC) in urban and surrounding rural soils of Beijing, China:Spatial distribution and relationship with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)[J]. Chemosphere, 2011, 82(2):223~228. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.10.017
[30]	Lim B, Cashier H. Determination of black carbon by chemical oxidation and thermal treatment in recent marine and lake sediments and Cretaceous-Tertiary clays[J]. Chemical Geology, 1996, 131(1/4):143~154. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0009254196000319
[31]	张甘霖, 何跃, 龚子同.人为土壤有机碳的分布特征及其固定意义[J].第四纪研究, 2004, 24(2):149~159. http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dsjyj200402004 ZHANG Ganlin, HE Yue, GONG Zitong. Characteristics of organic carbon distribution in anthropogenic soils and its implication on carbon sequestration[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2004, 24(2):149~159. (in Chinese with English abstracts) http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dsjyj200402004
[32]	戴婷, 李艾芬, 章明奎.浙北平原农业土壤中黑碳分布特征的研究[J].土壤通报, 2009, 40(6):1321~1324. http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/trtb200906020 DAI Ting, LI Anfen, ZHANG Mingkui. Distribution characteristics of black carbon in agricultural soils of northern Zhejiang plain[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2009, 40(6):1321~1324.(in Chinese with English abstracts) http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/trtb200906020
[33]	Agarwal T, Bucheli T D. Is black carbon a better predictor of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon distribution in soils than total organic carbon?[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2011, 159(1):64~70. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.09.016
[34]	Schleuß U, Wu Q, Blume H P. Variability of soils in urban and periurban areas in Northern Germany[J]. Catena, 1998, 33(3/4):255~270. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0341816298000708
[35]	Skjemstad J O, Reicosky D C, Wilts A R, et al. Charcoal carbon in US agricultural soils[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2002, 66(4):1249~1255. doi: 10.2136/sssaj2002.1249
[36]	Brodowski S, Amelung W, Haumaier L, et al. Black carbon contribution to stable humus in German arable soils[J]. Geoderma, 2007, 139:220~228.) doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.02.004