QUAN Li-cheng, WEI Chang-shan, LUO Shuai, et al., 2014. ROCK GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND ORE-PROSPECTING PROGNOSIS IN THE BAIMIANSHAN METALLOGENIC FORECASTING AREA, NORTHERN GUANGDONG. Journal of Geomechanics, 20 (4): 434-445.
Citation: ZHANG Duo, WU Zhong-hai, LI Jia-cun, et al., 2013. AN OVERVIEW ON EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDE RESEARCH. Journal of Geomechanics, 19 (3): 225-241.

AN OVERVIEW ON EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDE RESEARCH

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  • Earthquake induced landslide is one of the most common geological disasters in great earthquake of continent internal mountain. It not only has large amount and great scale, but also causes serious damage for human activities. So, it is extraordinarily significant to analysis the earthquake induced landslide for evaluating the seismic risk. This paper scientifically concludes the research status of landslide at domestic and overseas, based on the law of earthquake induced landslide development and dynamics mechanism. Then, it summarizes the 3S technique specific application to the landslides.

     

  • 大宝山钼多金属矿床是粤北地区最重要的多金属矿床之一。从开采至今已半个多世纪,目前矿区内已探明的资源量已经极度短缺,矿山生产面临严重危机,寻找可接替资源成为当前的首要任务。本文以大宝山矿区的岩性、构造、蚀变及矿化为重点,结合它们与成矿作用之间相互关系,对大宝山矿区外围——白面山成矿预测区开展地质找矿工作。通过对白面山地区的野外地质调查,发现该区断裂构造发育,中基性岩脉广泛分布。沿断裂带及其两侧围岩产生多种类型、不同程度的蚀变及矿化。对区内断裂构造、岩浆活动及与矿化、蚀变特征之间相互关系的研究认为,预测区内成矿条件较好,找矿潜力大。因此,将其圈定为大宝山矿田内首个找矿预测区,开展进一步研究。采集围岩(蚀变灰岩)及岩浆岩(石英闪长玢岩、辉绿岩)样品,进行等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)分析。通过对样品中的成矿元素、微量和稀土元素地球化学特征以及与成矿作用之间关系的研究,结合该区成矿地质特征和相关物化探工作的研究成果,开展综合分析,对白面山地区进行找矿预测。

    白面山地区位于广东省韶关市曲江区大坑口乡,隶属大宝山钼多金属矿床矿田,距大宝山矿区西南约7 km。区域构造位置位于华南褶皱系与湘粤桂褶皱带南缘,粤北古生代凹陷带和吴川—四会深大断裂带内,地处北东向北江断裂带和东西向大东山—贵东断裂带的交汇处,曲仁盆地南缘。

    研究区出露地层主要为上泥盆统东岗岭组、天子岭组的灰岩、泥灰岩、生物碎屑灰岩、白云岩;下石炭统帽子峰组、大赛坝组和长来组的粉砂质泥岩、泥灰岩等(见图 1)。

    图  1  白面山成矿预测区地质简图
    1—中泥盆统东岗岭组灰岩;2—上泥盆统天子岭组灰岩;3—上泥盆统-下石炭统帽子峰组泥岩;4—下石炭统大赛坝组+长来组粉砂质泥岩;5—第四系覆盖物;6—石英闪长玢岩脉;7—辉绿岩脉;8—铁帽;9—实测断层;10—推测断层;11—地质界线;12—推测地质界线
    Figure  1.  A sketch geological map of the Baimianshan metallogenic forecasting area

    区内构造以断裂为主,褶皱不发育。断裂构造主要发育北东向、北西向和近东西向3组,以北西向断裂为主。区内发育3条近平行的北西向断裂,倾向南西,倾角50°~80°,具有多期活动的特征;东西向断裂为北东、北西2组断裂的次级断裂,多终止于与北东向或北西向断裂交汇处。受区域性深大断裂带长期活动的影响,中基性岩脉较发育,主要为石英闪长玢岩脉和辉绿岩脉,分别沿北西向和北东向断裂产出。其中石英闪长玢岩脉条数较多,宽度较大,10~50 m不等,延伸较远;辉绿岩脉发育较少,宽度相对较小,一般小于10 m。

    研究区内断裂构造发育,伴随岩浆活动,地表沿断裂带发育大面积的蚀变、矿化现象。矿化、蚀变是围岩遭受岩浆热液活动影响最直观的表现形式。蚀变类型包括白云岩化、硅化以及少量方解石化、重晶石化。其中白云岩化、硅化最为发育。大部分蚀变都具有2种或2种以上蚀变类型共生的特征。矿化主要表现为黄铁矿化、褐铁矿化、方铅矿化、闪锌矿化、辉锑矿化以及少数铜蓝矿化、金银矿化等。金属矿物呈细脉状、浸染状。黄铁矿化最多,与其他金属矿物以伴生或共生的方式产出;方铅矿化、闪锌矿化也相对集中,表现为多个矿化点;其他类型矿化极为分散,偶尔可见。矿化与蚀变受热液活动影响共同产出于断裂带内或断裂带附近,呈带状分布。

    本文样品均采自于断裂带内或断裂带附近具有一定程度蚀变、矿化的灰岩及相对新鲜的石英闪长玢岩、半氧化状态的辉绿岩,包括12块蚀变灰岩样品,2块石英闪长玢岩样品,2块辉绿岩样品(其中1块氧化成为铁帽)。测试分析其成矿元素、微量和稀土元素含量,研究其地球化学元素特征。

    样品由核工业北京地质研究院分析测试研究中心测试。将测定的样品粉碎、研磨到0.074 mm(200目)以下粉末备用。称取样品0.05 g放入25 mL专用溶样罐中,先用少量水湿润,轻轻震动使样品均匀,加入1 mL氢氟酸,3 mL硝酸,1 mL高氯酸,盖上专用溶样罐盖,在低温电热板上以200 ℃恒温加热溶解,待样品分解后,打开溶样罐,在低温电热板上加热蒸至近干,滴加2滴高氯酸,再次蒸至近干,后加入1:1硝酸3 mL,盖上专用溶样罐盖焖置一段时间。用1%硝酸提取至50 mL容量瓶中,摇匀后采用美国热电公司ELEMENT XR等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)分析仪利用在线内标(Rh)法对样品进行分析测试,测试结果见表 1表 4

    表  1  白面山预测区蚀变灰岩微量元素含量(×10-6)
    Table  1.  Trace elements of the meta-alteration limestone in Baimianshan forecasting area
    序号岩性RbBaThUTaNbLaCeSrNdZrHfSmYYbLuMoTlBiCdSbWZr/HfNb/Ta
    B004中厚层灰黑色灰岩6.95017.3000.5651.1200.1640.5402.0504.0306631.8006.1300.1680.3721.8700.1630.0240.1660.0780.0470.2060.6751.20036.4883.293
    B016厚层状灰黑色灰岩27.800333.02.3601.3700.2052.3306.32012.704155.85030.700.8151.2405.6200.5960.0970.4180.2670.2210.3175.7000.59037.66911.367
    B043厚层状灰白色灰岩7.6903488.00.7620.4630.0450.5144.7709.0004103.8906.8200.2220.8043.7300.3410.0570.2480.3261.2400.7913.3300.44130.72111.422
    B054-2厚层状灰白色灰岩17.50064.21.5600.8300.1221.5903.2206.6301802.96023.100.6570.6343.1500.3660.0610.1380.1370.09511.403.0300.67035.16013.033
    B057-1灰白色灰岩14.20049.52.6001.2300.1622.1008.54016.703928.20025.200.7371.7108.0300.6820.1070.9760.1310.1340.0892.5200.30334.19312.963
    B058土黄色泥质灰岩16.10090.22.1000.5130.1641.8404.80010.802505.59013.900.3951.5508.2500.6440.0930.4990.1330.1660.1802.8900.45535.19011.220
    B077中厚层灰白色灰岩8.22025.10.7091.2300.0390.5273.6906.4703362.5208.3500.2430.4742.1900.2100.0390.6740.1540.0760.1881.2400.27134.36213.513
    B081厚层灰白色灰岩23.40057.61.9200.9970.1942.2208.96015.104886.06027.100.7941.0804.8500.4960.0771.0100.2160.4660.36816.200.65734.13111.443
    B0128中厚层状灰岩39.900232.02.5601.0100.1542.0309.97016.601518.83026.000.7832.19010.201.0600.1580.2240.2690.2670.1752.8100.82133.20613.182
    B0153厚层状灰白色灰岩5.21027.300.8280.7050.0951.0603.5506.8905313.18018.600.4830.6663.4700.3050.0470.3220.0930.16027.201.8400.32338.50911.158
    B0159中厚层状微晶灰岩1.78051.900.1280.2730.0200.0971.5402.3104660.9661.1600.0360.1730.9240.0620.0100.1180.0470.0572.9301.0800.10132.2224.850
    B0185方解石化泥晶灰岩5.92035.300.5690.9420.0490.4481.7202.9205271.2705.6700.1570.2451.3600.1300.0230.2270.1050.0721.4601.1400.27636.1159.143
    注:B0153号样品为预测区内石英闪长玢岩岩脉南侧采集的铅锌矿石
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    表  2  白面山预测区岩浆岩中微量元素含量(×10-6)
    Table  2.  Trace elements of the meta-magmatic rocks in Baimianshan forecasting area
    序号岩性RbBaThUTaNbLaCeSrNdZrHfSmYYbLuMoTlBiCdSbWZr/HfNb/Ta
    B020石英闪长玢岩35.21003.150.8021.7426.264.884.524.890.343311.822.41039.091.380.6810.340.0230.65624.101.2136.69515.057
    B032石英闪长玢岩29.324.81.950.4231.3319.816.342.589.332.52025.888.4948.24.30.5990.860.2570.0360.38833.705.1234.35414.887
    B0165辉绿岩1.9511.20.1610.6390.0120.1061.612.965161.21.070.0330.2020.90.0720.0130.0610.0310.0840.3890.7080.0832.4248.833
    B0176辉绿岩10.846081.511.260.0620.67310.325.69.712.316.40.5183.028.111.030.1481.210.4280.1580.6047.750.50431.66010.855
    注:B0165号辉绿岩样品发育褐铁矿化,B0176号样品氧化成为铁帽
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    表  3  白面山预测区蚀变灰岩稀土元素含量(×10-6)
    Table  3.  REE elements of the meta-alteration limestone in Baimianshan forecasting area
    序号岩性LaCePrNdSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuΣREELREEHREELREE/HREE(La/Yb)NδEuδCe
    B004中厚层灰黑色灰岩2.0504.0300.4561.8000.3720.0720.3270.0540.3240.0610.1650.0300.1630.0249.9288.7801.1487.6489.0200.6170.980
    B016厚层状灰黑色灰岩6.32012.7001.4305.8501.2400.2151.0100.1731.0000.1950.5450.1020.5960.09731.47327.7553.7187.4657.6100.5690.990
    B043厚层状灰白色灰岩4.7709.0000.9683.8900.8040.2840.7300.1180.7270.1390.3640.0650.3410.05722.25719.7162.5417.75910.0301.1120.970
    B054-2厚层状灰白色灰岩3.2206.6300.7602.9600.6340.1240.5560.0980.6070.1160.3260.0630.3660.06116.52114.3282.1936.5336.3100.6241.000
    B057-1灰白色灰岩8.54016.7002.0508.2001.7100.3471.4400.2531.4600.2860.7240.1180.6820.10742.61737.5475.0707.4068.9800.6580.950
    B058土黄色泥质灰岩4.80010.8001.2605.5901.5500.4281.2900.2431.5000.2720.6950.1210.6440.09329.28424.4284.8565.0305.3500.9001.050
    B077中厚层灰白色灰岩3.6906.4700.6692.5200.4740.0900.4420.0720.4110.0790.2090.0370.2100.03915.41213.9131.4999.28212.6000.5910.940
    B081厚层灰白色灰岩8.96015.1001.6506.0601.0800.2341.0300.1680.9420.1840.4940.0880.4960.07736.56333.0843.4799.51012.9600.6690.890
    B0128中厚层状灰岩9.97016.6002.1908.8302.1900.5181.8600.3472.0900.3951.0300.1861.0600.15847.42440.2987.1265.6556.7500.7650.830
    B0153厚层状灰白色灰岩3.5506.8900.7863.1800.6660.3120.6170.1060.6380.1240.3170.0560.3050.04717.59415.3842.2106.9618.3501.4630.970
    B0159中厚层状微晶灰岩1.5402.3100.2440.9660.1730.0410.1730.0260.1470.0280.0720.0120.0620.0105.8045.2740.5309.95117.8200.7170.830
    B0185方解石化泥晶灰岩1.7202.9200.3361.2700.2450.0490.2510.0390.2320.0460.1260.0220.1300.0237.4096.5400.8697.5269.4900.5990.880
    注:B0153号样品为预测区内石英闪长玢岩岩脉南侧采集的铅锌矿石;测试单位为核工业北京地质研究院分析测试研究中心
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    表  4  白面山预测区岩浆岩中稀土元素含量(×10-6)
    Table  4.  REE elements of the meta-magmatic rocks in Baimianshan forecasting area
    序号岩性LaCePrNdSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuΣREELREEHREELREE/HREE(La/Yb)NδEuδCe
    B020石英闪长玢岩64.8084.5019.0090.3022.407.5419.303.8124.004.3210.701.7409.0901.380362.880288.54074.3403.8815.111.08190.58
    B032石英闪长玢岩16.3042.506.5632.508.493.017.361.5711.002.044.920.8414.3000.599141.990109.36032.6303.3522.721.13681.01
    B0165辉绿岩1.6102.960.331.200.200.050.190.030.160.030.080.0130.0720.0136.9276.3450.58210.90216.040.72510.95
    B0176辉绿岩10.3025.603.1612.303.030.652.080.382.130.381.020.1741.0300.14862.38555.0417.3447.4957.170.75011.09
    注:B0165号辉绿岩样品发育褐铁矿化,B0176号样品氧化成为铁帽
    下载: 导出CSV 
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    从蚀变灰岩及岩浆岩(石英闪长玢岩、辉绿岩)中主要成矿及微量元素测试结果(见表 1表 2)可以看出,蚀变灰岩(样品B043、B054-2、B0153) 中成矿元素铅、锌的含量明显偏高,比其他样品高出1~2个数量级,说明蚀变灰岩发生不同程度的铅、锌矿化。所有样品中微量元素Ba含量普遍偏高,而B043样品中Ba的含量比其他样品高出1~2个数量级。

    对比蚀变灰岩、辉绿岩和石英闪长玢岩的测试结果(见表 1表 2)发现,岩浆岩中铅、锌等成矿元素平均含量明显高于蚀变灰岩。因此,可以推测岩浆岩(石英闪长玢岩)可能为蚀变灰岩的矿化提供物质来源。

    蚀变灰岩微量元素配分曲线总体一致(见图 2),呈现平缓的右倾型、M型多峰谷模式。蚀变灰岩中除Rb、La、Sr、Sm、U等元素相对富集外,其他微量元素均有亏损。Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Th等高场强元素,由于离子半径小、电荷高,且难溶于水,化学性质稳定,为非活动性元素,因此可指示原始物质的组成[1~2]。这些高场强元素均表现为负异常,且Zr/Hf比值相近,Nb/Ta比值除了蚀变灰岩中的B004、B0159(黑色灰岩、微晶灰岩)相对较低以外,其余白色蚀变灰岩中Nb/Ta比值大致相等。因此,白面山预测区的蚀变灰岩具有相同的物质来源,同时个别样品(B0159中厚层状微晶灰岩)Nb更具负异常。大离子亲石元素Ba既有负异常,也存在少数正异常,主要是受热液活动或重晶石化蚀变的影响。

    W、Mo、Bi属高温成矿元素,通常与岩浆热液活动有关,Cd、Tl、Sb是典型的亲硫重金属元素,常作为Pb、Zn的伴生元素赋存于Pb、Zn的硫化物矿床中[3];Sb又是热液活动的指示元素[4],因此Sb的富集说明灰岩的蚀变、矿化是受岩浆热液作用所引起的。

    图  2  蚀变灰岩微量元素蛛网图
    Figure  2.  Cobweb partterns of trace element for alteration limestone

    石英闪长玢岩和辉绿岩中成矿及微量元素变化特征规律性较差(见表 2图 3)。两种不同岩性表现出明显的差异。总体而言,Rb、La、Sm、U等元素相对富集,其他微量元素相对亏损。2块石英闪长玢岩样品及褐铁矿化的辉绿岩样品中Sr元素表现为明显亏损,与蚀变灰岩中Sr元素的特征恰好相反。其余微量元素变化特征大致相同,只是含量差异较大。

    图  3  岩浆岩微量元素蛛网图
    Figure  3.  Cobweb partterns of trace element for magmatic rocks

    所有石英闪长玢岩、辉绿岩岩石样品中Zr/Hf及Nb/Ta比值非常相近,说明石英闪长玢岩和辉绿岩2种岩脉可能来源于同一岩浆房[5]

    蚀变灰岩(白云岩化、方解石化、弱硅化灰岩)和岩浆岩(石英闪长玢岩、辉绿岩)稀土元素含量采用文献[6]球粒陨石数据标准化。

    白面山地区蚀变灰岩稀土总量(ΣREE)较低(见表 3),ΣREE平均值为23.524×10-6,轻重稀土含量比值LREE/HREE平均为7.561,(La/Yb)N平均值9.606。δEu变化范围0.569~1.463,平均值0.774;δCe变化范围0.83~1.05,平均值0.94,二者均存在个别正异常,大多数表现为负异常。稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾型(见图 4),表现为轻稀土富集,重稀土相对亏损。同时反映出大多数蚀变灰岩样品的稀土元素配分曲线变化一致,仅表现出不同样品中稀土元素总量存在一定差异。除此之外,大多数蚀变灰岩δEu值介于0.569~0.765之间,接近于平均值,δEu表现为显著的负异常;而2块厚层状白色灰岩样品(B043和B0153) 中δEu值分别为1.112和1.463,明显表现为正异常。此2块灰岩样品同时发育强烈的方铅矿矿化,且采样点靠近石英闪长玢岩脉。由此推断它们之所以出现δEu正异常,有可能是受到了石英闪长玢岩脉中高温流体的影响[7]。石英闪长玢岩脉岩浆热液中的Pb可能为该区成矿元素Pb的重要成矿物质来源。2块中厚层白色灰岩和土黄色泥质灰岩样品(B054-2和B058) 中δCe值分别为1.00和1.05,几乎无异常;而其他蚀变灰岩中δCe值介于0.83~0.99之间,表现出微弱的负异常。

    图  4  蚀变灰岩稀土元素配分曲线图
    Figure  4.  REE patterns for alteration limestone

    白面山地区的石英闪长玢岩和辉绿岩2种脉岩的稀土元素特征见表 4图 5。二者稀土元素配分曲线均为平缓的右倾式,表现为轻稀土富集,重稀土相对略微亏损。2个石英闪长玢岩样品的ΣREE值较高,分别为362.88×10-6和141.99×10-6;LREE/HREE比值相近;(La/Yb)N值相差较大;δEu值分别为1.0819和1.1368,均表现出弱的正异常;δCe值分别为0.58和1.01,前者表现为明显的负异常,后者则几乎无异常。2个辉绿岩样品的ΣREE值分别为6.927×10-6和62.385×10-6,LREE/HREE及(La/Yb)N值差异明显;δEu值分别为0.7251和0.7501,均表现为负异常,δCe值分别为0.95和1.09,前者表现为弱负异常,后者表现为弱正异常。

    图  5  岩浆岩稀土元素配分曲线图
    Figure  5.  REE patterns for magmatic rocks

    对比两种脉岩的稀土元素特征发现,石英闪长玢岩的ΣREE值远大于辉绿岩,并且2件辉绿岩样品的ΣREE值差别也很大。这是由于2块辉绿岩样品均遭受不同程度风化作用的影响,前者表现为褐铁矿化,后者则被氧化成为铁帽。因此推断其原岩中的一部分稀土元素可能受风化作用影响而损失。但是辉绿岩样品B0176的ΣREE值是B0165样品ΣREE值的近10倍,而δEu和δCe值的差异很小,几乎相等。表 2中B0176样品成矿元素Cu、Ba、Tl含量都远远高于B0165样品,Ba、Tl是反应热液作用特征的重要指示元素[4],而Cu的矿化也反映出高温成矿作用的特点。因此推断该样品可能受到成矿期热液作用的影响使稀土元素发生二次叠加。

    徐晓春等[8]认为岩浆岩稀土元素地球化学特征发生规律性的变化,反映其可能是同源岩浆演化的结果。对比岩浆岩样品稀土元素地球化学特征,推断预测区内2种脉岩可能为同一岩浆源经岩浆分异作用所产生的2种不同产物[9]

    通过对白面山预测区内蚀变灰岩、岩浆岩脉中成矿及微量元素、稀土元素地球化学特征分析,认为该区围岩(灰岩)的蚀变及矿化是岩浆热液沿断裂带活动的结果,且为成矿作用提供物质来源。

    3.1.1   构造标志

    白面山地区断裂构造发育,且以北西向断裂为主,在石英闪长玢岩北部接触带附近的该组断裂内铅、锌矿化岩石标本(见图 6a),化学分析结果:铅1.4%,锌0.84%;在石英闪长玢岩南部接触带附近的北西向断裂中的铅、锌矿化岩石标本(见图 6b),化学分析结果:铅2.14%,锌12.0%。北东向断裂为压性,延伸方向与区域构造线方向一致;北东东及北西西—北西向次级断裂均为其伴生构造。北西向断裂是良好的储矿(岩)构造,断裂不仅为成矿热液运移提供通道,也为成矿物质的就位提供空间,尤其是断裂的交汇复合部位是矿体最有利的赋存场所。

    图  6  B0153铅锌矿石金属矿物组合特征及野外露头
    Figure  6.  B0153 lead-zinc ore metal mineral assemblages and field outcrop
    3.1.2   岩性标志

    研究区岩性有沉积岩和岩浆岩。沉积岩主要为上泥盆统至下石炭统的碳酸盐岩,是良好的容矿围岩;岩浆岩主要为北北西向断裂带中充填的中酸性次英安斑岩、石英闪长玢岩及中性辉绿岩脉,是成矿热液来源。碳酸盐岩带状蚀变及脉状矿化,显示岩浆热液作用的结果;稀土元素地球化学特征证明岩浆岩来源于同一岩浆源区,并利用物探方法推测在其深部可能有中酸性隐伏岩体存在,可以为成矿提供充足的物质来源。

    3.1.3   化探标志

    基于广东省地矿局1960、1961、1988、1989年在白面山地区多次开展大比例尺化探填图的成果,结合野外地质调查及室内工作,确认白面山地区发育多处铅、锌异常点,主要集中在飞凤形一带的南部,该处具有适合的成矿条件,地表矿化、蚀变较强且集中。指示该区具有理想的成矿地球化学环境,深部可能存在隐伏的铅、锌矿体。

    3.1.4   物探标志

    广东省物化探院2008年1:10000高精度磁测资料显示,飞凤形一带深部可能存在隐伏岩体。中国地质调查局武汉地质调查中心2012年在该地区榕树下村一带开展激发极化法测量,发现深部具有多个高阻体和高极化体。结合蚀变、矿化分布及岩脉产出特征,推测深部可能存在北西、东西向岩体以及北西和近南北向的矿化体(见图 7)。

    图  7  白面山成矿预测区综合物探推测剖面图(a, b为同一测量点两个相互垂直剖面)
    (据广东物化探院[2008]、中国地质调查局武汉地质调查中心[2012])
    Figure  7.  A comprehensive geophysical suppositional profile map of Baimianshan metallogenic forecasting area
    3.1.5   其他标志

    主要有矿化和蚀变标志。矿化是成矿作用在地表最直接的反应,通过地表矿化可初步推断深部矿床特征。矿化标志主要有黄铁矿化、方铅矿化、闪锌矿化以及少量的辉锑矿、铜蓝矿等矿化。除黄铁矿化普遍发育,可见立方体状的单颗粒黄铁矿呈浸染状产出外,其他类型矿化仅在个别样品中出现,并且大多数样品中很难见到单颗粒金属矿物,仅可通过化学分析所得到的测试数据来推断其具有某种类型的矿化。

    在该区进行野外地质调查过程中发现大面积、多种类的矿化,主要为多个铅、锌异常带,且异常带均发育于石英闪长玢岩脉附近;蚀变灰岩(矿石)呈密集浸染状铅锌矿化(见图 6c6f)。对石英闪长玢岩岩脉附近的矿化蚀变灰岩进行采样分析测试,测试结果显示出其中Zn含量最高,为12%,Pb含量大于2%,Ag含量高达5.98 g/t。结合该区的物化探研究成果及硅化、白云岩化和弱的方解石化、重晶石化等蚀变,显示所有的铅、锌异常带均与物化探所揭示出的异常区域非常吻合。因此,推断该预测区地表及地表以下深部可能存在矿化体(矿体),是最有可能形成中—低温矽卡岩型铅、锌、银多金属矿床的地区。

    白面山地区位于大宝山矿田范围内,同属一个基底构造隆起带。从研究成果来看,白面山预测区成矿地质条件与大宝山矿区相似。

    大宝山矿区主要矿产有铜、铅、锌、钼、钨等,铜、铅、锌为矽卡岩型矿床,产于泥盆系中,受北西向、北东向及近东西向断裂构造控制,矿体呈透镜状;成矿岩体主要为受北西向逆冲推覆断裂带所控制的次英安斑岩;成矿时代为燕山早期(距今162~168 Ma)[10~11]。白面山远景区沿北西、北东向断裂带发育有较多的铅、锌矿化,可能与北北西向的次英安斑岩岩脉有关。白面山地区岩浆岩稀土元素地球化学特征研究显示,石英闪长玢岩和辉绿岩脉为同一岩浆源区经岩浆分异作用的产物。但是白面山次英安斑岩是否与大宝山次英安斑岩来自同一岩浆源区还需要进一步验证。如果它们来自同一岩浆源,则大宝山矿区内发育一套高—中—低温的矿化-蚀变组合,白面山表现为中—低温矿化-蚀变组合,推断大宝山为成矿区的中心,白面山为成矿区的边缘,这样白面山就很难形成具工业价值铅锌银矿体。但如果它们来自不同岩浆源区,则说明白面山地区深部可能存在单独的成矿岩体为该区成矿提供物质来源。

    预测区内蚀变灰岩和岩浆岩中微量元素、稀土元素地球化学特征显示,该区断裂带中的灰岩发育强烈的蚀变及矿化,是岩浆热液活动的结果。

    岩浆岩微量及稀土元素地球化学特征证明,白面山预测区的石英闪长玢岩和辉绿岩来自于同一岩浆源区,是岩浆分异作用的产物;石英闪长玢岩可能为该区的成矿岩体,为矿化及成矿物质的来源。

    结合地表围岩矿化及蚀变特征分析,预测区中西部地表以下500~800 m之间可能存在一个中—低温矽卡岩型铅锌银多金属矿体。

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