Geological records of the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) in China: Progress, challenge, and opportunity

ZHANG Shuanhong

doi:10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2025135

Volume 31 Issue 5

Oct. 2025

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ZHANG S H，2025. Geological records of the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) in China: Progress, challenge, and opportunity[J]. Journal of Geomechanics，31（5）：1063−1082 doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2025135

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Geological records of the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) in China: Progress, challenge, and opportunity

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2025135

ZHANG Shuanhong^{1, 2, 3
,}

1.
Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Deep Earth and Mineral Exploration, Beijing 100081, China
3.
Key Laboratory of Paleomagnetism and Tectonic Reconstruction, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China

Funds: This research is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. U2244213, 41920104004 and 41725011), and the Fundamental Research Fund of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (Grant No. JKYZD202320).

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Author Bio:
张拴宏，中国地质科学院地质力学研究所研究员，博士生导师，主要从事大地构造学及前寒武纪地质学研究。曾获中国地质学会青年地质科技奖（金锤奖）和黄汲清青年地质科学技术奖。2017年获国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目（A类）（原国家杰出青年科学基金项目）资助。曾入选自然资源部高层次创新型科技人才培养工程（土地资源、地质矿产、地质环境领域）领军人才、科技部中青年科技创新领军人才和人社部百千万人才工程国家级人选。近5年主持国家自然科学基金国际合作重点项目，地质联合基金重点项目、科技部重点研发计划课题及深地重大专项课题各1项。在Geology、Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.、Geophys. Res. Lett.、Earth-Sci. Rev.、Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.、Precambrian Res.、Lithos、Fundamental Res.、《科学通报》《中国科学》等发表论文100余篇，其中第一兼通讯作者SCI论文60余篇，SCI引用>5800次。2020年至2024年连续5年入选爱思唯尔中国高被引学者。目前担任国际SCI刊物Precambrian Research副主编、国内刊物《地质力学学报》执行主编
Received: 2025-09-15
Revised: 2025-09-26
Accepted: 2025-10-23

Available Online: 2025-10-28

Published: 2025-10-28

Abstract

Abstract

Objective The Great Oxidation Event (GOE) during the early Paleoproterozoic represents one of the most significant geological events in Earth’s history and has profound impacts on Earth’s surface environment, biological evolution, and the formation of mineral resources and energy reserves. Chinese scholars innovatively proposed the hypothesis of a dramatic shift in Earth's surface environment at around 2.3 Ga in the late 1980’s, mainly based on sedimentary records from the North China Craton and global correlations. However, due to the pervasive deformation, the high-grade metamorphism, and the poor continuity of the Paleoproterozoic sedimentary sequences in China, most critical achievements in the GOE research obtained over the past two decades have predominantly relied on the well-preserved overseas geological records from South Africa, Western Australia, North America, and Northern Europe. Methods Geological and geochemical research over the last decade in China has identified some relatively complete sedimentary records of the GOE from the North China and Yangtze cratons, such as the "North Liaohe Group" in the Anshan area of northeastern Liaoning Province, the lower Fanhe Group (Sanchazi Group) in the Fanhe Basin of Tieling, the Hutuo Group in the central part of the North China Craton, and the Yimen Group in central Yunnan Province on the southwestern margin of the Yangtze Craton. Evidence related to the GOE has also been documented from the late Paleoproterozoic crustal-derived carbonatites on the southeastern margin of the Tarim Craton. These discoveries provide crucial opportunities for studying the GOE and the Lomagundi-Jatuli Event (LJE) in China. Results Compared with the Paleoproterozoic sections used for GOE studies overseas, most of the Paleoproterozoic sequences in China were deposited after 2.2 Ga, and generally lack geological records from the early stage of the GOE (2.43~2.2 Ga). Notably, the Paleoproterozoic successions in northeastern North China Craton and the southwestern Yangtze Craton are characterized by great thickness and low metamorphic grade, offering invaluable opportunities for investigating the middle- to late-stage evolutionary processes of the GOE (2.2~2.06 Ga) in China. Conclusion Future research on the GOE and LJE records in China should focus on: (1) the depositional environment and genesis of Paleoproterozoic black shales and their relationship with the positive carbon isotopic excursions in marine carbonates; (2) the mechanisms for termination of the Lomagundi-Jatuli marine carbonate positive carbon isotopic excursion; (3) integrated chemostratigraphy based on marine carbonate carbon-oxygen isotopes and geochronological studies for regional stratigraphic correlation; (4) the effects of metamorphism on the carbon-oxygen isotope composition of marine carbonates; (5) the behavior of carbon and oxygen isotopes during the anatexis of marine carbonates to form crust-derived carbonatites; and (6) the use of multidisciplinary integrated methods and new geological-geochemical proxies for studying the GOE and LJE. [Significance] Such studies based on geological records in China will provide a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanism, timing, and resource-environmental effects of the GOE and LJE during the early Paleoproterozoic.
- Great Oxidation Event (GOE),
- Lomagundi–Jatuli Event (LJE),
- Earth's habitability,
- Paleoproterozoic sedimentary record,
- atmosphere–ocean environment

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