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JI S C，2025. Geomechanical implications of joints and veins[J]. Journal of Geomechanics，31（5）：769−792 doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2025120
Citation: JI S C，2025. Geomechanical implications of joints and veins[J]. Journal of Geomechanics，31（5）：769−792 doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2025120
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Geomechanical implications of joints and veins

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2025120

  • Department of Civil, Geological, and Mining Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal H3C 3A7, Québec, Canada

Funds:  This research is financially supported by the Discovery Grant of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Grant No. 06408).
More Information
  • Author Bio:

    嵇少丞，现为加拿大蒙特利尔理工学院土木、地质与矿业工程系的地球科学教授。从事科研与教学工作三十余年，研究领域涵盖构造地质学、岩石物理学和地球物理学，特别专注于多相岩石的流变学与地震波性质及其各向异性。著有4本专著和4本科普书，发表学术论文160余篇，入选全球前2%顶尖科学家行列

  • Received: 2025-09-02
  • Revised: 2025-09-17
  • Accepted: 2025-09-19
    • Available Online: 2025-09-23
  • Published: 2025-10-28
    Abstract
  •   Objective  Traditional structural geology textbooks often provide outdated treatments of joints and veins, failing to reflect the significant advances made in the past three decades. This review seeks to address part of this gap by highlighting the significance of barren joints and veins in reconstructing both the directions and magnitudes of geological paleostresses.   Conclusion  Conjugate shear joints not only indicate the orientation of the three effective principal stresses but also imply differential stresses at least four times greater than the tensile strength of the brittle host rock. Exfoliation joints form under stress states of σ1≈σ2>0>σ3, whereas polygonal columnar joints in sedimentary rocks reflect σ1*>$ 0 $>σ2*=σ3*, allowing the tensile strength of rocks to be estimated. Tensile joints in brittle strong beds interlayered with ductile soft layers are primarily driven by tensile stresses transferred from interfacial shear stresses between the hard and soft layers, with joint saturation mainly controlled by tectonic strain. Under natural strain-rate conditions, the Weibull modulus and tensile strength of the strong layers, as well as the shear-flow strength of the ductile layers, can be inferred from the nonlinear relationship between joint spacing and bed thickness. Ladder-like orthogonal joints, which form under a stress state of σ1*>$ 0 $>σ2*>σ3*, divide strata into blocky units and, after weathering and erosion, give rise to characteristic castle- and tower-like landforms. Veins, as mineral-filled joints, provide spacing and thickness data that allow estimates of layer strain. Moreover, the nonlinear relationship between vein spacing and bed thickness permits quantification of the extent to which mineral precipitation restores the tensile strength of rock beds. The absence of ladder-like orthogonal veins is attributed to this strength recovery. [ Significance ]Collectively, these observations demonstrate the critical role of joints and veins in constraining both the magnitudes and orientations of geological paleostress fields.

     

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