Volume 31 Issue 5
Oct.  2025
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TANG M G,ZHAO H L,XU Q,et al.,2025. Mechanism and geological mechanics pattern of typical ice and rock avalanches on the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Journal of Geomechanics,31(5):940−959 doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2025119
Citation: TANG M G,ZHAO H L,XU Q,et al.,2025. Mechanism and geological mechanics pattern of typical ice and rock avalanches on the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Journal of Geomechanics,31(5):940−959 doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2025119

Mechanism and geological mechanics pattern of typical ice and rock avalanches on the Tibetan Plateau

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2025119
Funds:  This research is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 42377199 and 41941019).
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  • Author Bio:

    汤明高,男,博士,现任成都理工大学教授、博士生导师、地质灾害防治与地质环境保护全国重点实验室副主任,曾任土木工程系主任。获自然资源部科技领军人才、四川省学术和技术带头人、四川省地质灾害防治工作先进个人等荣誉称号。主要从事斜坡变形破坏机理及灾害监测预警防治研究,主持国家和省部级项目30余项,获国家科技进步二等奖、四川省科技进步一等奖等10项,第一/通讯作者发表SCI/EI等论文100余篇,授权发明专利20余项,参编专著/规范14部

  • Received: 2025-09-02
  • Revised: 2025-09-13
  • Accepted: 2025-10-10
  • Available Online: 2025-10-15
  • Published: 2025-10-28
  •   Objective  The increasingly frequent ice and rock avalanche hazards on the Tibetan Plateau pose a serious threat to human life and major projects.   Methods  To further reveal the mechanisms of ice and rock avalanches and fill the gap in the classification of geological mechanics patterns,engineering geological and geomechanical methods were applied to derive the following.   Results  The ice and rock avalanches on the Tibetan Plateau result from slope deformation and failure under special geographical, geological, and climatic conditions. The steep terrain and diverse structure provide the spatial and boundary conditions for the formation of ice and rock avalanches. Earthquakes promote further cracking and fragmentation of the ice and rock masses. Climate warming leads to the infiltration of meltwater along the crevasses and boundaries, which significantly reduces the strength of the sliding surface (band), and can even form a short-term high-pressure water head, triggering the ice and rock avalanches. The "discontinuity" serves as a critical threshold for ice and rock avalanches, primarily manifested through instantaneous or progressive failure in the bonding between instability zones, lateral walls, base beds, and parent glaciers.   Conclusion  Ice and rock avalanches on the Tibetan Plateau can be categorized into four geological mechanics patterns: the creep-fracture type (subdivided into "loading-induced pressure melting-water-induced creep-fracture" and "weathering-induced water-induced creep-fracture"), the creep-toppling type, the wedge slip type, and the collapse type (subdivided into "cave collapse" and "erosion collapse"). These patterns may coexist, interact, and chain-react within the same glacial basin. [ Significance ] This study holds both theoretical and practical significance for advancing the scientific understanding of cryospheric hazards and supporting disaster prevention and mitigation efforts on the Tibetan Plateau.

     

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