Volume 31 Issue 5
Oct.  2025
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ZHANG B，HUANG B Y，ZHANG J J，et al.，2025. Seismic anisotropy and rheological decoupling of crust and mantle in the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis and its southeastern margin: Insights from deformation mechanisms of eclogite and peridotite[J]. Journal of Geomechanics，31（5）：793−822 doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2025100
Citation: ZHANG B，HUANG B Y，ZHANG J J，et al.，2025. Seismic anisotropy and rheological decoupling of crust and mantle in the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis and its southeastern margin: Insights from deformation mechanisms of eclogite and peridotite[J]. Journal of Geomechanics，31（5）：793−822 doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2025100
shu

Seismic anisotropy and rheological decoupling of crust and mantle in the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis and its southeastern margin: Insights from deformation mechanisms of eclogite and peridotite

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2025100
  • 1.

    School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

  • 2.

    MOE Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

  • 3.

    National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China

  • 4.

    Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610213, Sichuan, China

  • 5.

    Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

  • 6.

    School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 510275, Guangdong, China

  • 7.

    School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

Funds:  This research is financially supported by the Key Program (Grant No. 42430304) and the General Program (Grant No. 42272245) of the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
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  • Author Bio:

    张波，北京大学地球与空间科学学院副教授，博士生导师。现任北京大学地球与空间科学学院大陆动力学与资源工程研究所所长（原构造地质学教研室）、造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室副主任。研究方向微观构造−流变学学与喜马拉雅构造地质学，主持科研项目20余项，包括自然科学基金7项（面上、重点以及优秀青年基金等）、973项目课题、国家重点研发计划课题等。发表学术论文百余篇。 担任中国地震学会地震地质专业委员会副主任、 中国地质学会构造地质学与地球动力学专业委员会委员、副秘书长、 北京地质学会理事等

  • Received: 2025-03-05
  • Revised: 2025-06-06
  • Accepted: 2025-06-11
    • Available Online: 2025-09-18
  • Published: 2025-10-28
    Abstract
  •   Objective  The Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis and its southeastern region serve as a critical channel for the eastward extrusion or/and expansion of Tibetan Plateau material. The deformation/rheology mechanisms and seismic anisotropy of the lithosphere provide key insights into plateau uplift and lateral growth.   Methods  This study investigates lower-crustal garnet pyroxenites (27–44 km depth) and lithospheric mantle spinel lherzolites (50–78 km depth) from the Ailao Shan–Red River shear zone and adjacent regions. This study integrates petrographic analysis, microstructural observations, measurements of crystallographic preferred orientations (CPOs), metamorphic-deformation thermobarometry, and whole-rock seismic velocity modeling to constrain the lithospheric seismic anisotropy and its tectonic implications.  Results  Our key findings include: (1) Microstructural analysis reveals that garnet in lower-crustal pyroxenites behaves as a rigid phase with rotational deformation, while clinopyroxene accommodates strain via dislocation creep. In the lithospheric mantle, olivine exhibits both A-type (high-temperature, low-pressure simple shear) and AG-type (melt-present) CPOs; orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene also deform predominantly by dislocation creep, indicating polyphase plastic deformation and static recrystallization. (2) Seismic velocities show distinct layering: garnet pyroxenites exhibit VP = 8.01–8.07 km/s and VS = 4.54–4.57 km/s with weak anisotropy (AVP = 0.6%–1.4%, AVS= 0.7%–1.1%), whereas spinel lherzolites display higher velocities (VP = 8.03–8.08 km/s, VS= 4.60–4.61 km/s) and stronger anisotropy (AVP = 3.8%–8.0%, AVS = 3.0%–6.6%). (3) The velocity controls differ between lithologies: in pyroxenites, the garnet content dominates the bulk seismic velocity, while the anisotropy correlates with the clinopyroxene content; in lherzolites, the seismic properties are primarily controlled by olivine, while orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene exert a diluting effect, and the deformation intensity significantly influences the anisotropy. (4) From the middle crust to the lithospheric mantle, a vertical velocity model reveals stepwise increases: mica schist (VP = 6.12–6.46 km/s) → granodiorite (VP = 6.69–6.78 km/s) → amphibolite (VP = 6.30–6.69 km/s) → garnet pyroxenite (VP = 8.01–8.07 km/s) → spinel lherzolite (VP = 8.03–8.08 km/s), with the amphibolite layer (VS = 3.59–4.01 km/s) acting as a key interface for crust-mantle velocity transitions.   Conclusion  Integrated with published geophysical data, we propose a tectonic model wherein: (1) mid-lower crustal amphibolites and partial melts are the primary sources of crustal anisotropy; (2) mantle anisotropy reflects southeastward lithospheric extrusion driven by asthenospheric upwelling, with clear crust-mantle decoupling. [ Significance ] Our new data provide critical constraints on the lithospheric deformation and crust-mantle decoupling beneath the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis and its southeastern region by linking mineral-scale deformation mechanisms with large-scale seismic anisotropy. This enhances our understanding of the uplift and lateral growth of the Tibetan Plateau in the Cenozoic.

     

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