Investigation of the tectonic framework of the Sumatra

SHANG Qinghua; DENG Ye; LIN Wei; MENG Lingtong; IWAN Setiawan; MARUF Mukti; EKO Puswanto; CHU Yang; ZHANG Xiaoran; GUO Lin

doi:10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2025098

Volume 31 Issue 5

Oct. 2025

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SHANG Q H，DENG Y，LIN W，et al.，2025. Investigation of the tectonic framework of the Sumatra[J]. Journal of Geomechanics，31（5）：823−840 doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2025098

Citation:

SHANG Q H，DENG Y，LIN W，et al.，2025. Investigation of the tectonic framework of the Sumatra[J]. Journal of Geomechanics，31（5）：823−840 doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2025098

Citation:

SHANG Q H，DENG Y，LIN W，et al.，2025. Investigation of the tectonic framework of the Sumatra[J]. Journal of Geomechanics，31（5）：823−840 doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2025098

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Investigation of the tectonic framework of the Sumatra

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2025098

SHANG Qinghua^1
,,
DENG Ye^{2, 3, 4
,},
LIN Wei^{2, 3, 4
,
,},
MENG Lingtong^{2, 3, 4
,},
IWAN Setiawan^5
,,
MARUF Mukti^5
,,
EKO Puswanto^5
,,
CHU Yang^{2, 3, 4
,},
ZHANG Xiaoran^{2, 3
,},
GUO Lin^{2, 3, 4
,}

1.
Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
2.
Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
3.
State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution, Beijing 100029, China
4.
College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
5.
Research Center for Geological Resources, The National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung 40135, West Java, Indonesia

Funds: This research is financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2023YFF0803201), and the Joint Fund for Geology of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. U2344213).

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Author Bio:
尚庆华，中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所研究员。先后在法国里尔科技大学（USTL）从事博士后研究工作、中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所从事研究工作。主要研究领域为二叠纪、三叠纪地层和古生物化石。曾研究二叠纪腕足动物古地理和北方造山带的放射虫动物群，目前重点研究三叠纪水生爬行动物的系统发育和演化。发表论文80余篇，主持过国家自然科学基金青年和面上项目4项，参加过中石化前瞻性项目、国家重点基础研究发展规划项目（973项目）、中国科学院战略性先导技术专项（B类）、国家重点研发计划（科技部）等
Corresponding author: 林伟，男，中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所研究员、中国科学院大学特聘岗位教授。2012年获国家杰出青年科学基金资助。主要从事构造地质学和大地构造学等方面的研究，通过中、小、微尺度的构造解析，了解造山带及其前陆的构造几何学、运动学及其动力学机制，探讨大陆岩石圈的流变学特征。野外工作涉及特提斯构造域及中亚造山带。在国内外学术刊物上共发表200余篇研究论文，其中140篇被SCI 收录。SCI 引用11000多次，多次进入ISI 全球地球科学高引用率排名。
Received: 2025-07-31
Revised: 2025-08-27
Accepted: 2025-08-29

Available Online: 2025-09-02

Published: 2025-10-28

Abstract

Abstract

Objective The tectonic units in Sumatra were considered as the two parts: Eastern and Western blocks. Generally, the East Sumatra block affiliated with Gondwana, due to its late Paleozoic “cold-water fauna” (Alas limestone) and pebbly mudstone (Bohorok Formation glacial till); While the West Sumatra block is classified as the Cathaysian-affiliated block due to its late Paleozoic “warm-water fauna” (Kuantan Limestone) and Cathaysian flora (Mengkarang Formation Jambi Flora). These two are separated by the Medial Sumatra Tectonic Zone. Methods Through the field observation, structural analysis, stratigraphic comparisons, and systematically paleobiogeographic reviewing; even the key outcrops were examined to document the structures and lithological variations. Results The Eastern and Western Sumatra blocks, as the “basement” of weakly metamorphosed Carboniferous and Permian stratigraphic sequences, these rocks exhibit similar metamorphic facies, structural characteristics, such as geometry and related deformations. The differences in sedimentary environments and paleobiogeographic faunas across various geological periods are likely indicative of variations in ancient latitude or climatic changes rather than distinct tectonic boundaries instead of belonging to the different blocks. Geochronological work of the magmatic rock indicated the interpretation that the two blocks may have once formed a unified whole. And the Medial Sumatra Tectonic Zone does not act as a significant tectonic (plate) boundary. Conclusion The East and West Sumatra blocks may have originated as a single tectonic unit or plate. Similarities in metamorphic facies, deformation patterns, stratigraphic sequences, and magmatic histories suggest a common geological evolution. Differences in sedimentary environments and paleobiogeographic faunas across different geological periods likely reflect variations in ancient latitude or climatic changes. Geochronological work related to the magmatic rock results support this interpretation, indicating that the two blocks may have once formed a unified whole. [Significance] This study challenges the traditional two-block model and suggests that the East and West Sumatra blocks should be considered as a unified block or plate. The findings highlight the importance of considering the unified tectonic framework of Sumatra in future geological studies and resource assessment in Southeast Asia.
- paleobiogeography,
- Sumatra tectonic framework,
- East Sumatra block,
- Medial Sumatra Tectonic Zone,
- West Sumatra block

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