Metamorphism and geochronology of the spinel−cordierite granulite in the Mirror Peninsula, East Antarctica

LIU Xinshu; WANG Wei-(RZ); BAO Hong; GONG Tingnan; ZHAN Liqing; LIU Xiaochun; ZHAO Yue

doi:10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2023172

Volume 30 Issue 3

Jun. 2024

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LIU X S，WANG W，BAO H，et al.，2024. Metamorphism and geochronology of the spinel−cordierite granulite in the Mirror Peninsula, East Antarctica[J]. Journal of Geomechanics，30（3）：487−505 doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2023172

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Metamorphism and geochronology of the spinel−cordierite granulite in the Mirror Peninsula, East Antarctica

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2023172

LIU Xinshu^{1, 2
,},
WANG Wei-(RZ)^{1, 2
,
,},
BAO Hong^{1, 2},
GONG Tingnan^{1, 2, 3},
ZHAN Liqing^{1, 4},
LIU Xiaochun^{1, 2},
ZHAO Yue^{1, 2}

1.
Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Science, Beijing 100081, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Paleomagnetism and Tectonic Reconstruction, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China
3.
School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
4.
School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China

Funds: This research is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 42172068, 41941004, 41530209, and 41672062), the Fundamental Research Funds of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (Grant No. JYYWF201819), and the Geological Survey Project of the China Geological Survey (Grant No. DD20221810).

More Information

Received: 2023-10-23
Revised: 2023-11-22
Accepted: 2023-11-24

Available Online: 2023-11-28

Published: 2024-06-28

Abstract

Abstract

Objective The Prydz Bay belt in East Antarctica recorded two significant tectono-thermal events, the Grenvillian event and the Pan-African event, which are considered to be closely related to the evolution of the Rodinia and Gondwana supercontinents. However, the geological history and the tectonic nature of the two events remain controversial. Methods Mineralogical and petrological analyses, phase equilibria modelling and zircon geochronology are combined to investigate the spinel−cordierite granulite from the Mirror Peninsula in order to better understand the tectono-thermal history of the Prydz Bay belt. Results The spinel−cordierite granulite contains different stages of mineral assemblages. The major stage of mineral assemblage involves cordierite, spinel, biotite, sillimanite, K-feldspar and minor garnet and ilmenite. The later stage of mineral assemblage is indicated by the emergence of magnetite as the increasing volumes of biotite and cordierite. Minor garnet and corundum are locally preserved, implying the mineral reaction ‘g+cor→sp+sill’ and more garnet and corundum in the peak stage. The garnet grains consist of 70%−72% almandine, 20%−22% pyrope, ~4% grossularite and ~4% spessartine. The X_Fe (Fe²⁺/(Fe²⁺+Mg²⁺)) of representative garnet grains ranges from 0.77 to 0.80. The spinel exhibits an X_Fe range from 0.80 to 0.86. Different cordierite grains have similar compositions with Al of 3.89−3.93 a.p.f.u (atoms per formula unit) and X_Fe of 0.32−0.36. Biotite has high TiO₂ (4.13%−5.23%) and Ti (0.23−0.30 a.p.f.u). K-feldspar grains consist of 78%−85% orthoclase, 15%−23% albite and ~1% anorthite. Based on the mineral compositions and phase equilibrium modelling, the pressure−temperature (P−T) conditions of the major stage of mineral assemblage are constrained to 870−910 °C and 0.64−0.69 GPa, followed by later retrogression to 810−820°C and 0.49−0.53 GPa. A peak stage with higher P−T conditions (T>910 ℃, P>0.69 GPa) can be inferred based on the relict peak minerals and characteristic mineral compositions (e.g. Ti in biotite). Zircon grains commonly show core-mantle-rim structures in cathodoluminescence (CL) images. The LA−ICP−MS zircon U−Pb dating analyses reveal a wide age range from 613±7 Ma to 877±9 Ma (except a maximum of 916±11 Ma) for the cores. The zircon bright rims yield a weighted mean age of 526±8 Ma with a wide range of Th/U (0.06−1.23), mostly higher than 0.1. Conclusion Based on the results, a few conclusions can be drawn: (1) The spinel−cordierite granulite recorded medium−low pressure/high-ultrahigh temperature metamorphism with a clockwise P−T evolution path and high dT/dP. (2) The results of zircon geochronological analysis show that zircon cores mainly record U−Pb ages in the range of 800~600 Ma, younger than typical ages of Grenvillian events, which may reflect younger inherited zircon cores or significant isotopic resetting. (3) The age of ~530 Ma of zircon rims is interpreted to represent the post-peak cooling stage of the Pan-African tectono-thermal event. [Significance] This study examined the P−T conditions and the zircon ages of the spinel−cordierite granulite in the Mirror Peninsula. In combination with previous results, the P−T−t path constructed for the spinel−cordierite granulite provides new constraints on the evolution of the Prydz Bay belt during the Pan-African period.
- East Antarctica,
- spinel−cordierite granulite,
- P−T path,
- high−ultrahigh metamorphism,
- phase equilibrium modelling

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