东南极哈姆峰地区假玄武玻璃的显微构造、年代学及其地质意义

刘建民; 刘晓春; 赵越; 张拴宏; 徐刚; 董树文; 毛骞; 陈柏林

doi:10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2021.27.05.061

东南极哈姆峰地区假玄武玻璃的显微构造、年代学及其地质意义

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2021.27.05.061

刘建民^{1, 2, 3,},
刘晓春^{1, 2, 3},
赵越^{1, 2, 3},
张拴宏^{1, 2, 3},
徐刚^{1, 2, 3},
董树文⁴,
毛骞⁵,
陈柏林^{1, 2, 3}

1.
中国地质科学院地质力学研究所, 北京 100081
2.
中国地质调查局极地地学研究中心, 北京 100081
3.
自然资源部古地磁与古构造重建重点实验室, 北京 100081
4.
南京大学地球科学与工程学院, 江苏南京 210023
5.
中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所, 北京 100029

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金 41941004

详细信息

作者简介:
刘建民(1964-), 男, 博士, 研究员, 从事构造地质学、矿田构造研究。E-mail: liujianmin@vip.sina.com

中图分类号: P616.3;P728.2
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-06-30
- 修回日期: 2021-08-30
- 预出版日期: 2021-12-31
- 刊出日期: 2021-10-28

Microstructure and geochronology of pseudotachylite from the Hamm Peak, East Antarctica, and its geological significances

LIU Jianmin^{1, 2, 3
,},
LIU Xiaochun^{1, 2, 3},
ZHAO Yue^{1, 2, 3},
ZHANG Shuanhong^{1, 2, 3},
XU Gang^{1, 2, 3},
DONG Shuwen⁴,
MAO Qian⁵,
CHEN Bailin^{1, 2, 3}

1.
Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
2.
Research Center of Polar Geosciences, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100081, China
3.
Key Laboratory of Paleomagnetism and Tectonic Reconstruction, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China
4.
School of Earth Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
5.
Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China

Funds:

the National Natural Science Foundation of China 41941004

摘要

摘要: 发育在东南极普里兹湾西南部哈姆峰地区麻粒岩相花岗质片麻岩中的假玄武玻璃沿着近东西向断裂带分布。显微构造特征表明，该地假玄武玻璃基质中普遍发育球粒结构及树枝状、放射状-针状等不同形状及组合的矿物微晶体，说明这些假玄武玻璃是地震断层快速滑移过程中摩擦熔融作用的产物。假玄武玻璃中的微晶体矿物组合大体分为两种，它们分布在构造带不同地段：一种是以"紫苏辉石+斜长石"组合为主，分布于构造带东北部地段；一种是以"黑云母+斜长石+钾长石+石英"的组合为主，分布于构造带西南部地段，说明沿构造带不同部位构造环境及应力分布的不均匀性。同时，微晶体中富铝紫苏辉石的存在，表明假玄武玻璃形成过程及其后期的结晶过程可能处于高温(麻粒岩相)的构造环境下。假玄武玻璃的基质全岩K-Ar年龄为878.1±16.8 Ma，全岩⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar年龄谱系中所记录的年龄值主要集中在925~626 Ma。结合区域对比看，假玄武玻璃应该形成于格林维尔期构造事件。
- 显微构造 /
- 微晶体 /
- 富铝紫苏辉石 /
- K-Ar和⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar年代学 /
- 假玄武玻璃 /
- 哈姆峰 /
- 东南极
Abstract: The pseudotachylite in granulite facies granitic gneisses from the Hamm Peak, southwestern Prydz Bay, East Antarctica, occurs along the east-west-trending ductile-brittle shear zone. The characteristics of microstructure show that the pseudotachylite was formed by the frictional-melt during the rapid faulting along the paleoseismic zone. This inference is supported by the common presence of spherulites and different morphological microlites, such as skeletal, dendritic, acicular and globular in the matrix of pseudotachylite. There exist two kinds of microlite mineral assemblage. One consists mainly of hyperite and plagioclase, which developed in the northeastern part of the shear zone. The other consists of biotite, plagioclase, alkali feldspar and quartz, etc, which developed in the southwestern part of the shear zone. The occurrence of different kinds of microlite mineral assemblage indicates the differences of tectonic surrounding and stress distribution along different parts of the shear zone. Moreover, the presence of aluminous-rich hyperite may indicates the relatively high temperature and high pressure in the ambient physical condition during the pseudotachylite formation and crystallization afterwards, i.e., under the granulite facies conditions. The K-Ar age of bulk matrix of pseudotachylite is 878.1±16.8 Ma. Bulk ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar step-heating release spectrum gave the varying ages mainly from 925 to 626 Ma. Combined with the regional comparison, we conclude that the pseudotachylite formed during the Grenvillian tectonic events.
- microstructure /
- microlite /
- aluminous-rich hyperite /
- K-Ar and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating /
- pseudotachylite /
- Hamm Peak /
- East Antarctica

HTML全文

图 1 东南极普里兹湾哈姆峰地区地质图及假玄武玻璃分布和取样位置图

a-南极大陆及研究区所在大地构造位置(埃默里冰架)；b-北查尔斯王子山-普里兹湾地区地质露头范围及研究区所在位置(虚线为露头范围，实线为冰川与海岸线位置)；c-假玄武玻璃分布和取样位置图

Figure 1. Map of the Hamm Peak area, Prydz Bay, East Antarctica, showing the localities where pseudotachylites have been found

(a)The Antactica continent with tectonic location of the study area; (b)The outcrops of Northern Prince Charles Mountain and location of the study area; (c) The localities where pseudotachylites have been found

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图 2 东南极普里兹湾哈姆峰地区假玄武玻璃野外照片

a-简单脉状假玄武玻璃(pst)；b-与糜棱岩共生的假玄武玻璃(pst)

Figure 2. Photographs of the field outcrop of pseudotachylites from the Hamm Peak area, Prydz Bay, East Antarctica

(a)Simple pseudotachylite vein (pst); (b)Complex veinlet of pseudotachylite (pst) with mylonite

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图 3 D39点假玄武玻璃中显微结构照片

a-假玄武玻璃中的球粒结构，单偏光(-)；b-假玄武玻璃中的球粒结构，正交偏光(+)；c-假玄武玻璃中晶屑周边的针状熔蚀结构，正交偏光(+)；d-放射状雏晶结构及晶屑本身的熔蚀结构，正交偏光(+)；e、f-假玄武玻璃基质的SEM-BSE(背散射电子影像)影像特征及显示的针状、放射状矿物雏晶结构(Pl-斜长石/钙长石/中长石；Fer-氧化亚铁；Bt-黑云母)

Figure 3. Microphotographs of the microstructure of pseudotachylite at the locality of D39, obtained by OPT and SEM imaging

(a)Spherulitic texture in pseudotachylite, plain light (-); (b)Spherulitic texture in pseudotachylite, crossed polarized light (+); (c)Acicular and radial crystallite texture around the crystal minerals in the pseudotachylite, crossed polarized light (+); (d)Corrosion texture of crystal minerals themselves, crossed polarized light (+); (e, f)The SEM-BSE (Backscattered electron) image features and the acicular and radial crystallite textures of the matrix in pseudotachylite
Pl-plagioclase/anorthite/andesine; Fer-ferrous oxide; Bt-biotite

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图 4 D43点假玄武玻璃中显微结构照片

a-假玄武玻璃中放射状、晶簇状、束状紫苏辉石雏晶集合体，单偏光(-)；b-玄武玻璃中晶屑本身碎粒化结构、熔蚀结构及周边的隐晶质结构，正交偏光(+)；c-正常正交偏光下假玄武玻璃基质的结构；d-加锥光后强光束下假玄武玻璃基质中的矿物结构；e-紫苏辉石(Hy)和斜长石/钙长石/中长石(Pl)构成的骨架状、骸晶结构的SEM-BSE(背散射电子影像)影像特征；f-黑云母(Bt)、斜长石/钙长石/中长石(Pl)及其他矿物雏晶组成的SEM-BSE(背散射电子影像)显微晶质结构

Figure 4. Microphotographs of the microstructure of pseudotachylite at the locality of D43, obtained by OPT and SEM imaging

(a)Crystallitic acicular, drusy and beam crystal aggregate of hypersthene textures in the pseudotachylite, plain light (-); (b)Cataclastic and corrosion textures of crystal minerals themselves and the cryptocrystalline textures around the crystal minerals, crossed polarized light (+); (c)The microstructure of matrix of pseudotachylite under the crossed polarized light; (d)The microstructure of matrix of pseudotachylite under the crossed polarized light with conoscope; (e)The SEM-BSE(Backscattered electron) image features of the keleton and skeletal textures made up by hypersthene and plagioclase; (f)The SEM-BSE (Backscattered electron) image features of the microcrstalline textures made up by the crystals of biotite, plagioclase/anorthite/andesine and other crystallites

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图 5 东南极哈姆峰地区假玄武玻璃全岩⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar年龄图谱

Figure 5. Bulk step-heating release spectrum for the pseudotachylite from the Hamm Peak, southwestern Prydz Bay, East Antarctica

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表 1 东南极哈姆峰地区花岗质片麻岩(假玄武玻璃围岩)中主要矿物化学成分(wt%)电子探针数据

Table 1. Chemical composition (wt%) of major minerals in the granitic gneisses and granulites(the wall rocks of pseudotachylite)from the Hamm Peak, East Antarctica

样品编号	序号	SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	FeO	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	矿物名称
41-3-1	1	45.94	0.00	34.89	0.00	0.00	0.00	17.98	1.18	0.00	钙长石(Pl)
	2	49.04	0.00	0.86	37.13	0.00	12.26	0.71	0.00	0.00	紫苏辉石(Hy)
	4	50.39	0.00	1.09	22.02	0.00	9.91	15.94	0.00	0.00	普通辉石(Aug)
43-10-2	1	37.96	0.00	21.15	30.29	0.43	7.99	2.17	0.00	0.00	石榴子石(Grt)
	2	65.64	0.00	19.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	1.13	14.22	微斜长石(Mic)
	3	57.79	0.00	27.09	0.00	0.00	0.00	9.27	6.11	0.00	中长石(Pl)
	4	37.98	0.00	21.20	30.65	0.39	7.73	2.04	0.00	0.00	石榴子石(Grt)
	6	39.96	5.90	14.77	13.01	0.00	16.32	0.00	0.00	9.79	黑云母(Bt)
	7	38.01	0.00	20.87	30.97	0.45	7.53	2.16	0.00	0.00	石榴子石(Grt)
43-10-1	1	57.64	0.00	27.86	0.00	0.00	0.00	8.71	5.79	0.00	中长石(Pl)
	2	65.69	0.00	18.83	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	1.59	13.88	微斜长石(Mic)
	3	37.85	0.00	20.93	30.89	0.43	7.74	2.17	0.00	0.00	石榴子石(Grt)
	5	39.74	7.16	14.72	13.95	0.00	14.87	0.00	0.00	9.56	黑云母(Bt)
	6	40.02	5.80	14.23	12.74	0.00	16.92	0.00	0.00	9.99	黑云母(Bt)
	7	65.77	0.00	18.61	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	1.05	14.57	微斜长石(Mic)
	注：数据分析在中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所电子探针实验室完成。

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表 2 D39点假玄武玻璃基质中微晶体成分

Table 2. Contents (wt%) of microlites in the matrix of pseudotachylites at the locality of D39, Hamm Peak, East Antarctica

分析点位	序号	SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	FeO	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	P₂O₅	矿物名称
39-4-3-4(各点位置见图 3e)	1	34.62	5.94	14.94	19.22	0.00	12.64	0.00	0.00	9.26	0.00	黑云母
	2	1.34	0.00	0.76	97.90	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	氧化亚铁
	3	58.63	59.66	26.01	0.80	0.00	0.00	7.85	6.28	0.43	0.00	中长石
	4	47.56	0.00	21.81	1.66	0.00	0.59	22.08	5.86	0.43	0.00	钙长石
	5	13.20	0.00	7.21	75.45	0.00	0.00	1.58	2.56	0.00	0.00	氧化亚铁
39-4-3-1 (各点位置见图 3f)	1	59.47	0.00	25.88	0.00	0.00	0.00	7.80	6.60	0.26	0.00	中长石
	2	38.61	6.39	7.55	34.84	0.00	6.09	1.86	0.00	3.77	0.89	黑云母
	3	42.36	4.11	12.21	16.56	0.00	13.12	3.17	0.00	7.47	0.71	黑云母
	4	34.36	0.38	6.36	52.93	0.00	1.80	1.46	1.58	0.47	0.66	氧化铁
	5	37.71	5.27	8.68	34.67	0.00	7.87	1.39	0.00	4.40	0.00	黑云母
	6	59.35	0.00	25.84	0.59	0.00	0.00	7.48	6.73	0.00	0.00	中长石
	7	46.72	4.39	10.93	14.49	0.00	10.97	2.61	0.00	7.60	1.96	黑云母

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表 3 D43点假玄武玻璃基质中微晶体成分

Table 3. Contents (wt%) of microlites in the matrix of pseudotachylites at the locality of D43, Hamm Peak, East Antarctica

分析点位	序号	SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	FeO	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	总量	矿物名称
43-4-3-1 (各点位置见图 4e)	1	68.27	0.98	18.68	1.23	0.00	0.00	5.51	4.59	0.73	100.00	中长石
	2	48.13	0.73	7.99	26.81	0.39	14.71	0.75	0.00	0.49	100.00	富铝紫苏辉石
	3	66.05	1.21	19.12	2.44	0.00	0.00	5.50	4.80	0.88	100.00	中长石
	4	47.77	1.02	7.56	27.30	0.39	15.06	0.50	0.00	0.40	100.00	富铝紫苏辉石
43-7-1-2 (各点位置见图 4f)	1	49.72	2.52	16.88	16.83	0.00	5.16	1.46	1.32	5.83	99.72	黑云母
	2	63.24	0.50	21.31	2.23	0.00	0.38	5.37	6.01	0.96	100.00	斜长石
	3	48.49	2.44	15.46	18.22	0.00	5.44	1.02	0.88	5.82	99.75	黑云母
	4	65.73	0.40	19.33	1.95	0.00	0.00	3.94	4.69	3.95	100.00	微斜长石+斜长石
	5	61.50	1.36	14.51	11.10	0.00	3.23	1.63	1.88	4.79	100.00	黑云母
	6	48.22	2.55	17.04	17.53	0.00	4.78	1.54	1.88	6.15	99.70	黑云母
	7	70.84	0.50	15.90	2.97	0.00	0.74	3.90	3.97	1.19	100.00	中长石
	8	72.20	0.00	16.31	1.77	0.00	0.00	3.65	5.30	0.77	100.00	中长石
	9	45.48	2.91	17.07	19.30	0.00	5.80	1.10	1.20	6.78	99.63	黑云母
	10	75.58	0.00	12.84	2.62	0.00	0.58	2.52	3.47	2.39	100.00	微斜长石+斜长石

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表 4 东南极哈姆峰地区假玄武玻璃基质的钾-氩同位素及K-Ar年龄数据

Table 4. Potassium-argon isotope and age data for the pseudotachylite from the Hamm Peak, East Antarctica

样品编号	K/%	⁴⁰Ar_放/×10^-9mol/g	⁴⁰Ar_放/%	表面年龄/Ma
样品编号	K/%	⁴⁰Ar_放/×10^-9mol/g	⁴⁰Ar_放/%	年龄/Ma	±1σ
D43-7	2.48	4.865	97.54	878.1	16.8

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表 5 东南极哈姆峰地区假玄武玻璃的全岩氩同位素及⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar数据

Table 5. Argon isotope and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age data for the pseudotachylite from the Hamm Peak, East Antarctica

T/℃	(⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar)_m	⁽³⁶Ar/³⁹Ar)_m	(³⁷Ar/³⁹Ar)_m	(³⁸Ar/³⁹Ar)_m	F(⁴⁰Ar^*/³⁹Ar)	³⁹Ar×10^-14/mol	³⁹Ar_累积/%	表面年龄/Ma
T/℃	(⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar)_m	⁽³⁶Ar/³⁹Ar)_m	(³⁷Ar/³⁹Ar)_m	(³⁸Ar/³⁹Ar)_m	F(⁴⁰Ar^*/³⁹Ar)	³⁹Ar×10^-14/mol	³⁹Ar_累积/%	年龄/Ma	±1σ
400	112.9045	0.3673	6809.0000	0.1729	4.4227	8.63	0.06	92	17
500	148.7143	0.3437	0.7965	0.1155	47.2313	23.06	0.22	803	36
600	124.8157	0.2665	0.7754	0.0829	46.1468	22.39	0.38	788	24
700	81.7350	0.0932	0.4799	0.0430	54.2386	87.20	0.99	897	22
800	112.3390	0.0609	0.3536	0.0270	94.3773	223.52	2.55	1356	14
900	110.4594	0.0341	0.2870	0.0212	100.4312	289.67	4.58	1417	12
1000	85.3112	0.0185	0.3096	0.0364	79.8920	1439.14	14.65	1204	10
1100	59.6881	0.0114	0.3496	0.0384	56.3605	2121.89	29.50	924.6	7.9
1200	45.5127	0.0047	0.4132	0.0149	44.1575	2383.94	46.18	760.7	6.7
1300	36.2170	0.0046	0.5155	0.0145	34.9075	6940.86	94.74	625.8	5.8
1350	30.3554	0.0063	1.0041	0.0219	28.5944	655.59	99.33	527.5	4.8
1400	33.4198	0.0237	1.0593	0.0253	26.4969	95.61	100.00	493.7	6.0
注：表中下标m代表样品中测定的同位素比值；W=120.00 mg；J=0.011879；F=⁴⁰Ar^*/³⁹Ar(放射性成因⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar比值)

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东南极哈姆峰地区假玄武玻璃的显微构造、年代学及其地质意义

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2021.27.05.061

作者简介:
刘建民(1964-), 男, 博士, 研究员, 从事构造地质学、矿田构造研究。E-mail: liujianmin@vip.sina.com

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Microstructure and geochronology of pseudotachylite from the Hamm Peak, East Antarctica, and its geological significances

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东南极哈姆峰地区假玄武玻璃的显微构造、年代学及其地质意义

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2021.27.05.061

作者简介: 刘建民(1964-), 男, 博士, 研究员, 从事构造地质学、矿田构造研究。E-mail: liujianmin@vip.sina.com

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Microstructure and geochronology of pseudotachylite from the Hamm Peak, East Antarctica, and its geological significances

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作者简介:
刘建民(1964-), 男, 博士, 研究员, 从事构造地质学、矿田构造研究。E-mail: liujianmin@vip.sina.com