Experimental study on the dynamic rupture of coal and rock caused by high-pressure gas
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摘要: 为了研究高压气体对煤岩材料变形破坏的作用，自主设计并制造了含高压气体煤岩实验装置，通过测量气体泄压作用诱发的煤岩动力破坏现象，研究了高压气体对煤岩材料变形破坏的作用。实验表明，当气体泄压速率小时，煤岩仅会出现轻微变形；当气体泄压速率大时，煤岩会产生破裂和破碎现象。同时发现煤岩的破坏程度不仅取决于气体的泄压速率，还取决于孔隙气体的压强。当气体泄压速率和气体压强都达到一定临界值时，煤岩才会发生剧烈破碎。通过气体压强与应变之间的关系，确定了煤岩发生破裂和破碎的临界气体压强。Abstract: A special test apparatus has been designed and used to study the effect of high-pressure gas on the deformation and failure of coal and rock. Dynamic ruptures of coal and rock are carried out by gas decompression. The results show that low gas decompression rate only causes deformation of coal specimens slightly while high gas decompression rate leads to fracture and outburst phenomenon. The degree of damage of rocks depends on not only the gas decompression rate but also the gas pressure. Violent fragmentation occurs when gas decompression rate and high saturation pressure reach critical values. According to the relationship between the decompressed gas pressure and strain, the critical gas pressures are determined for the fracture and fragmentation of specimens.
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Key words:
- gas decompression /
- deformation /
- fracture /
- fragmentation /
- critical gas pressure
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图 1 含高压气体煤岩实验装置图
Figure 1. Experimental apparatus for the coal and rock with high-pressure gas
图 2 充入气体压强为0.5 MPa时快速泄压引起的试样破裂(时间间隔16.7 ms)
a—完整试样；b—气体压强差引起破裂开始产生；c—随着气体压强差增大破裂继续扩展；d—随着气体压强差减小破裂停止
Figure 2. Specimen fracture caused by the gas decompression of 0.5 MPa (time interval between two video images is 16.7 ms). (a) Intact specimen. (b) Fractures initiate when the gas pressure gradient occurs. (c) Fractures continue growing with the gas pressure gradient increases. (d) Fractures stop when the gas pressure gradient decreases
图 3 充入气体压强为1.0 MPa时快速泄压引起的试样破裂(时间间隔16.7 ms)
a—完整试样；b—气体压强差引起破裂和破碎；c—随着气体压强差增大破碎继续扩展；d—随着气体压强差减小破碎停止
Figure 3. Specimen fragmentation caused by the gas decompression of 1.0 MPa (time interval between two video images is 16.7 ms). (a) Intact specimen. (b) Fractures and fragmentation initiate when the gas pressure gradient occurs. (c) Fragmentation continues growing with the gas pressure gradient increases. (d) Fragmentation stops when the gas pressure gradient decreases
图 4 四组试验的试样在气体渗入和吸附过程中的应变变化
Figure 4. Change in strain of specimens during the gas penetration and adsorption
图 5 试样在气体泄压过程中的应变变化
Figure 5. Change in strain of specimens during the gas decompression
图 8 充气过程与放气过程对煤岩体孔隙影响
Figure 8. Influences of the gas injection and release on the pore of the specimen
表 1 实验参数与结果
Table 1. Summary of the experimental data and results
编号 初始条件 测试条件 测试结果 尺寸直径×高度/mm 饱和气压*/MPa 平均泄压速率/(MPa/s) 破裂压强/kPa 破碎压强/kPa 充气过程最大体积应变/×10-3 放气过程最大体积应变/×10-3 试样结果 A Φ35.00×35.58 0.5 0.4 - - 4.944 -1.286 完整 B Φ35.00×35.04 1.0 0.3 - - 7.392 -2.104 完整 C Φ35.00×34.96 0.5 6.6 340 - 5.259 7.680 破裂 D Φ35.00×36.16 1.0 8.2 - 960 7.349 12.015 破碎 *注：气体压强数值为高于大气压强的差值 
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